The main focus of the book is whether globalization and trade liberalization enable business associations to become real representatives of business interests rather than state-controlled or otherwise ineffective organizations in developing countries. The book relies heavily on more than 200 interviews with Moroccan and Tunisian workers and employers to trace changes in business associational life after trade liberalization in the 1980s and 1990s. The core argument is that pre-economic liberalization relations between business and the state condition how business groups organize in the face of large-scale economic change.
Author(s): Melani Claire Cammett
Edition: First Edition
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 286
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Figures......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Abbreviations......Page 17
Part I: The Framework......Page 23
1 Rethinking Globalization and Business Politics......Page 25
The theory: political opportunities, class identity, and the social foundations of business collective action......Page 35
2 Globalization and Integration in International Apparel Manufacturing Networks: The New Politics of Industrial Development......Page 47
Features of textile and apparel manufacturing......Page 48
The shifting global production context......Page 50
The First Wave: Early 1970s......Page 51
The Second Wave: 1980s......Page 53
The Third Wave: 1990s and Beyond......Page 59
Trends in global supply chain management......Page 63
Industrial development strategy in the contemporary global economy: clusters in global value chains......Page 69
Part II: The Institutional Context......Page 75
State-building and economic elites in tunisia......Page 77
From Colonial Administration to State-Building: The Rise of the Single-Party State......Page 78
Who made the rules? the new administrative elite......Page 84
State policies and class formation: the development of a tunisian industrial class......Page 87
The Early Years of Independence: A Gradualist Approach......Page 88
The 1960s: Dirigisme, ISI, and the "Socialist" Experiment......Page 89
A critical juncture: early integration in global markets and the emergence of the dual market......Page 94
Business–government relations in postindependence morocco......Page 102
The Political System: The Palace, Parties, and Parliament......Page 103
The Roots of the Economic Elite: Commercial Families and Social Ties......Page 106
The institutionalization of the protected economy......Page 111
The Early Years of Independence......Page 112
A “Critical Juncture”: Moroccanization and Class Consolidation in the 1970s......Page 116
Trade Liberalization and Class Formation......Page 121
Part III: Globalization and Institutional Change......Page 127
Preferences and lobbying: intentions versus action......Page 129
Intentions: Policy Preferences......Page 130
Actions: Political Behavior......Page 132
State repression, organizational weakness, or preemptive incentives? competing accounts of tunisian business complacency......Page 138
Sticks: State Repression and Societal Submission......Page 139
State Corporatism and the Co-optation of Organizational Resources: The Weakness of Business Representation......Page 143
Carrots: Preemptive Support for Local Industrialists......Page 152
The social foundations of business behavior......Page 157
Economic "Democracy" and the Common Origins of the Tunisian Industrial Class......Page 158
The Semiopen Economy: Separate Spheres of Production......Page 162
6 Fat Cats and Self-Made Men: Class Conflict and Business Collective Action in Morocco......Page 170
Economic Crisis, Business Cleavages, and the Politicization of AMITH......Page 171
Defending the Ranks: AMITH and the Government Antifraud Campaign......Page 176
The Hyper-politicization of Trade-Based Cleavages......Page 181
The Construction of Interests: The Creation of a Cross-sectoral AMITH Lobby......Page 186
Fat Cats versus Self-Made Men: The Self-Image of the New Exporter......Page 190
The “Greedy Upstart”: Textilien Responses to Exporter Identity......Page 197
Producer mobilization and new modes of business politics......Page 200
7 Globalization, Business Politics, and Industrial Policy in Developing Countries......Page 212
Dismantling protectionism and business politics beyond north africa......Page 216
Business–Government Relations and Business Politics in Taiwan: From Distant to Close?......Page 217
ISI, Concentrated Capital Structure, and Business Politics in India and Turkey......Page 223
Business politics and industrial development in the contemporary world economy......Page 231
Sampling of interviewees......Page 241
Morocco......Page 242
Tunisia......Page 246
Other......Page 250
Appendix B: Standardized Questionnaire for Textile and Apparel Industrialists and Factory Managers......Page 251
Bibliography......Page 255
Index......Page 277
