Global governance has come under increasing pressure since the end of the Cold War. In some issue areas, these pressures have led to significant changes in the architecture of governance institutions. In others, institutions have resisted pressures for change. This volume explores what accounts for this divergence in architecture by identifying three modes of governance: hierarchies, networks, and markets. The authors apply these ideal types to different issue areas in order to assess how global governance has changed and why. In most issue areas, hierarchical modes of governance, established after World War II, have given way to alternative forms of organization focused on market or network-based architectures. Each chapter explores whether these changes are likely to lead to more or less effective global governance across a wide range of issue areas. This provides a novel and coherent theoretical framework for analysing change in global governance.
Author(s): Michael N. Barnett, Jon C.W. Pevehouse, Kal Raustiala
Edition: 1
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Commentary: TruePDF
Pages: 396
Tags: International Organization; International Relations; Globalization: Political Aspects
Cover
Half-title
Title page
Copyright information
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Contributors
Acknowledgments
Introduction: The Modes of Global Governance
Global Governance Today
Explaining the Transformation
Geopolitics
A Changing Global Economy
Increase in the Number of Actors
Pluralization of Kinds of Actors
Low-Hanging Fruit
Ideologies of Governance
Global Rationalization
Technological Change
Domestic Change
What Is at Stake?
Overview of the Chapters
References
1 Governance Shifts in Security: Military and Security Services and Small Arms Compared
What Has Happened?
Military and Security Services: From Hierarchy to Complexity
Small Arms: Reassertion of Hierarchy
Why? Similar Structural Shifts and Different Agency
Gathering around Problems, Policy Entrepreneurship, a Pragmatic Process, and Complex Governance Development around Military and Security Services
Disputed Problems, Set Solutions, and Deadlock around Different Versions of Hierarchical Governance around Small Arms
How Does It Matter?
Conclusion
References
2 The Bretton Woods Moment: Hierarchies, Networks, and Markets in the Long Twentieth Century
The Gold Standard and Networked Governance in International Monetary and Financial Affairs
International Cartels: Governance in Private Hands
International Commercial Arbitration: Private Governance and Its Limits
Hierarchies, Networks, and Markets before 1945
The Bretton Woods Moment in Monetary Affairs: Constraining Hierarchies and Regulating Markets
International Cartels and the Postwar Reach of the American Regulatory State
International Commercial Arbitration: Evolution beyond the Reach of the Regulatory State
Networks and Markets in a New Era of Globalization
Central Banks, Private Finance, and Global Financial Governance
International Cartels: Beleaguered but Persistent Private Governance
International Commercial Arbitration in a New Era of Globalization
Global Economic Governance in the Long Twentieth Century
References
3 Climate Change Governance: Past, Present, and (Hopefully) Future
Introduction
What Is Happening? From Kyoto to Paris
The Kyoto Protocol: Both Market and Hierarchy
Paris: Choose Your Own Adventure
Why Is It Happening?
Geopolitics
Global Rationalization
New Actors, New Ideologies of Governance
How Does It Matter?
Conclusion
References
4 A Shadow of Its Former Self: Hierarchy and Global Trade
The Global Trade Regime as Hierarchy
Challenges to Multilateral Rule-Making? The Rise of Regionalism
Geopolitics and Shifting Power
Institutional Design
Challenges to Rule-Making: Non-trade Governance and Non-state Actors
The Changing Nature of International Trade
Other Non-trade Issues in Trade Negotiations
Implications and Conclusions
References
5 The Humanitarian Club: Hierarchy, Networks, and Exclusion
The Rise of the Humanitarian Club
The Resilience of the Humanitarian Club
Economic Capital
Symbolic Capital
Social Capital
Cultural Capital
Conclusion
References
6 The Supply of Informal International Governance: Hierarchy plus Networks in Global Governance
The Demand for Informal Governance
Communications Technology and the Design of Multilateral Diplomacy
Improved Communications and the Design of International Institutions
The HpN Model
Choosing HpN over Hub-and-Spokes
Informal Governance in the Communications Era
The Institutional Design of the Proliferation Security Initiative
Supply-Side Drivers
IIGO-TGN Conjunctures
Conclusion
References
7 Global Governance, Expert Networks, and ''Fragile States''
International Organizations and the Differentiation of Governance Tasks
The Governance of Fragile States
Evolution of Approaches to Fragile States: From Peacebuilding to ''State'' and ''Individual''
Conclusion
References
8 Global Health: A Centralized Network Searching (in Vain) for Hierarchy
Introduction: Global Governance and Health
What Has Been Happening? Four Periods of GHG
The Birth of International Health Cooperation (~1850-1945)
The Birth of WHO and Heyday of ''International'' Health (1945-~1990)
The Millennium Development Goals Era and the Birth of ''Global'' Health (~1990-~2015)
The Sustainable Development Goals and Covid-19 Era: A Return to WHO and Multilateral Institutions? (~2015-Future)
Discussion
Why Is This Happening? Health as a Microcosm and a Unique Field
How Does It Matter? Implications for Governance
Power
Legitimacy
Effectiveness
Reflections for the Future: What Should GHG Do and What Is the Role of WHO?
References
9 Governing Armed Conflicts: The ICRC between Hierarchy and Networks
Origins of the Governance of the Regulation of Armed Conflict
Great Challenges without Change
The Contemporary Challenges to the Mode of Governance
An Increasingly Complex Legal Environment
Growing Diversity
The ''Shadow of Hierarchy''
Conclusion: Change, Legitimacy, and Efficacy
References
10 Clean Energy and the Hybridization of Global Governance
Clean Energy Governance: Definition and Methods
The Making of Clean Energy Governance: Networks, Hierarchies, and Hybrids
Hierarchical Institutions and Stasis in Clean Energy Governance, 1980-1997
Expanding Clean Energy Governance through Networks, Late 1990s-Present
Layering and Institutionalization of Clean Energy Governance, 2009-2017
Decentralized Governance for Clean Energy: Why Is It Happening?
Conclusion: Is Decentralized Governance Good News for Cooperation?
References
11 Legitimacy and Modes of Global Governance
Why Legitimacy Might Drive New Modes of Governance
Geopolitical Shifts
Changing Governance Norms
Domestic Backlash to Globalization
Legitimacy in Global Governance: The Empirical Record
Declining Legitimacy for Traditional IOs?
Higher Legitimacy for New Modes of Governance?
What Explains the Resilient Legitimacy of Old Modes of Governance?
Institutional Reforms to Traditional IOs
Limitations of New Modes of Global Governance
The Role of Heuristics
Conclusion
References
Conclusion: Global Governance and Institutional Diversity
Payoffs from Shifting the Study of Global Governance
Comparative Institutional Analysis
Historical Analysis
Revealing Gaps
Theorizing Past and Present
Some Usual Suspects
Newer Faces
Agency and Contingency
The Totality and Pathways Questions
Four Images
Pathways to Integration
Deep Diversity and Path Dependence
Conclusion
References
Index
