Is there any hope for those who despair at the state of the world and the powerlessness of governments to find a way forward? Global Governance and the Emergence of Global Institutions for the 21st Century provides ambitious but reasonable proposals to give our globalized world the institutions of international governance necessary to address effectively the catastrophic risks facing humanity that are beyond national control. The solution, the authors suggest, is to extend to the international level the same principles of sensible governance that exist in well-governed national systems: rule of law, legislation in the common interest, an executive branch to implement such legislation, and courts to enforce it. The best protection is unified collective action, based on shared values and respect for diversity, applying widely accepted international principles to advance universal human prosperity and well-being.
Augusto Lopez-Claros is Executive Director of the Global Governance Forum. During 2017–19 he was Senior Fellow in the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. He is former Director of the Global Indicators Group at the World Bank and Chief Economist at the World Economic Forum. He is coauthor of Equality for Women = Prosperity for All (2018).
Arthur Lyon Dahl is President of the International Environment Forum and a retired senior official of UN Environment. He is the author of In Pursuit of Hope: A Guide for the Seeker (2019), The Eco Principle: Ecology and Economics in Symbiosis (1996) and Unless and Until: A Baha’i Focus on the Environment (1990).
Maja Groff is an international lawyer based in The Hague, working on multilateral treaties, at international criminal tribunals and teaching at the Hague Academy of International Law. A graduate of Harvard, Oxford and McGill Universities, she has drafted international legal policy documents and published on private and public international law, human rights and global governance.
Author(s): A. Lopez-Claros; A.L. Dahl; M. Groff
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2020
Language: English
City: Cambridge
Cover
Reviews
Half-title
Title page
Copyright information
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I Background
1 The Challenges of the 21st Century
Introduction
Environmental Challenges
Social Challenges
Economic Challenges
Security Challenges
Inadequacy of Existing Mechanisms
Efforts in the United Nations and in International Law
The G7 and G20
Increasing International Cooperation
A Need for Concrete Proposals
The Urgency of Action
Protecting National Autonomy
Opposition to Deep Reforms and an Evolving International Landscape
What is Ahead
2 A History of Global Governance
Early Visions
The League of Nations
A Federal Union of Democratic States
Winston Churchill's Proposal to France to Create an Anglo-French Union
Early Thinking on the United Nations
A Compromised United Nations
A Broader Vision for the United Nations
The Draft of a World Constitution and the Dublin Conference
3 European Integration: Building Supranational Institutions
Mutual Recognition
Border Controls
A Historical Perspective
Economic versus ''Political'' Union
Implications for the Future
Part II Reforming the Central Institutions of the United Nations
4 The General Assembly: Reforms to Strengthen Its Effectiveness
Key Achievements and Weaknesses
Moving to a System of Weighted Voting
A Modified Schwartzberg Proposal
An Updated Clark and Sohn Proposal
Selection of Members
5 A World Parliamentary Assembly: A Catalyst for Change
Setting up a World Parliamentary Assembly
A Modified Heinrich/Schwartzberg WPA
Distribution of WPA Membership
6 Advisory Mechanisms to Support Global Policymaking
A Chamber of Civil Society
Addressing Global Catastrophic Risks
Enhancing UN Legislative Capacity to Consolidate Global Solidarity and Community
7 UN Executive Council: Beyond an Outdated Paradigm
The Security Council at Present
Past Proposals for Security Council Reform
Successor Organ: UN Executive Council
8 Completing the Collective Security Mechanism of the Charter: Establishing an International Peace Force
Early Attempts
The UN Charter and the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
Development of the Concept of a Standing Force
Peace Enforcement: Further Considerations
The International Evolution of War and Violence: A Story of Diminishing Returns
The Establishment of an International Peace Force
Challenges in Implementation
9 Toward Systemic Disarmament: Resetting Global Priorities
Introduction
Background
The UN Charter Provisions on Disarmament/Arms Control
Recent Developments in Arms Control
The Challenge
Abolition of War
Self-Defense
Past Multilateral Disarmament Measures and Proposals
Disarmament in Today's World: Toward Systemic Arms Control and Disarmament
Proposals to Enable Modern Comprehensive Disarmament
Technical and Financial Challenges
Accompanying Measures
The Current Cross-Roads and Overcoming Political Obstacles
10 Strengthening the International Rule of Law
International Legal Institutions: A Job Half-Done
From Kant to Habermas: In Search of a Broader Perspective
The Thread of History: Early Efforts at Peace through Law
Modern Peace Research
United Nations Work on the International Rule of Law
The Need for an International Cultural Shift
An ''Utterly Unsatisfactory State of Affairs'': Suggestions for Institutional Enhancements
Obligations under Chapter VI of the Charter of the United Nations
The International Court of Justice
The International Criminal Court
Institute(s) for International Judicial Training
Office of the United Nations Attorney General
Conclusion
11 Human Rights for the Twenty-first Century
Human Rights and Global Governance
Cascading Effects: The Importance of Human Rights for One and All
Cultivating a Global Civic Ethic and the Moral Case for Significant Human Rights Reform
On the Universality of Human Rights
The ''Unfinished Task''
Reform Proposals: Strengthening Existing Mechanisms
Reform Proposals: International Human Rights Tribunal
Ways Forward: A New Era for International Human Rights
The Need for an International Bill of Rights
12 A New United Nations Funding Mechanism
Early History
Political Tensions from the One Country–One Vote Rule
Budgetary Management
Proposals for United Nations Funding
A Fixed Proportion of GNI
The Clark–Sohn Proposal
The EU Model
A Tobin-like Tax
UN Budget Independence?
Our Preferred Option for Now
Part III Governance and the Management of Multiple Global Risks
13 UN Specialized Agencies and Governance for Global Risks
Addressing Critical Risks
UN Specialized Agencies
UN Agencies, Programs and Conventions
Creating the Basis for Reform
The Sustainable Development Goals: An Integrated Approach
14 Economic Governance for Inequality and the Private Sector
Inequality
Inequality between Individuals
Inequality between States
Narrowing Income Inequality
Policies Aimed at Helping Redress Income Inequality
Transforming the Economy
A UN Mandate for Inequality
Global Management of the Private Sector
The World Economy
15 Global Financial Architecture and the International Monetary Fund
The IMF at the Center
The 2008–2009 Financial Crisis and What It Said about the World's Financial System
What about the International Monetary System?
Surveillance
Global Liquidity
Governance
16 Responding to Global Environmental Crises
An Environmental Organization
Climate Change
Climate-Induced Migration
Other Impacts
Energy
Environment and the Biosphere
Biosphere Integrity
Chemicals
Atmosphere
Managing Natural Resources
Recommendations
17 Population and Migration
Population Growth
Population Age Structure
Carrying Capacity
Population Displacement and Migration
The Response Needed
Part IV Cross-Cutting Issues
18 Corruption as a Destroyer of Prosperity and the Need for International Enforcement
Defining Corruption
Corruption Within the Development Process
Poor Government and Corruption: Intimate Bedfellows?
Nine Reasons Why Corruption Is a Destroyer of Prosperity
Tackling Corruption
General Strategies to Fight Corruption
An International Anticorruption Court
19 Education for Transformation
Building Public Support
Central Messages
Formal Education
Informal Education
Information Technologies and Social Media
The Mass Media
Responsibility in the UN
Leadership
Forming an International Civil Service
Information as an Intervention
Access to Knowledge
Recommended Actions
Part V Foundations for a New Global Governance System
20 Values and Principles for an Enhanced International System: Operationalizing Global ''Good Governance''
The UN Legacy: A Values-rich Landscape
Ethical Foundations for Collective Action: Human Dignity and Capability
Absolute Sovereignty in an Age of Global Challenges
Contemporary Approaches to Good Governance
Accountability
Transparency
Consultation
Rule of Law
Interactions among Good Governance Attributes
Implications for the United Nations: Making Enhanced Global Governance Effective
21 Some Immediate Steps Forward—Getting ''From Here to There''
Scenarios of Possible Futures
Maturing Capacities of Transnational Civil Society
Some Immediate Steps Ahead
A World Conference on Global Institutions
A Coalition of the Willing and Like-minded
Incremental Steps Towards Substantial Reform
The World Parliamentary Assembly
The European Union Stepwise Approach
Part VI Conclusions
22 Bridging the Governance Gap
The Roots of Present Failures
Seeds of Success
Foundations for Global Governance
National Sovereignty
Governance
A World Transformed (and Divided) by New Technologies
Shared Human Purpose and Potential
Positive Forces for Global Governance
Concluding Remarks
Annex Voting Shares in a Reformed General Assembly
References
Index
