This book offers a new perspective on the transnational dimensions of China’s educational and economic history by focusing on Sino-German interactions in the field of vocational education. It explores how Chinese perceptions of manual work, vocational skills, and educational practices changed dramatically throughout the first half of the twentieth century as Chinese educators increased their efforts to study and translate German pedagogical writings. Case studies researched in this book illustrate how a Chinese appreciation for German technological and scientific advances and German interests in profiting from a growing Chinese economy are not just recent phenomena but have their roots in the early twentieth century.
Author(s): Henrike Rudolph
Series: Palgrave Series in Asian German Studies
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 343
City: Cham
A Note on Romanization and Referencing
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
Why Germany and China?
Why Vocational Education?
Traveling Texts and the Role of the Introducteur
Touring Skills and Contact Zones
Terminologies and Concepts of Vocational Education
Chapter 2: Fast Forward to a Pedagogical Century
Prehistories: A Return to Ancient Ways in the Seventeenth Century and Realia Education in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
From Craftsmen to Modern Skilled Workers
Vocational Education on the Rise
The Formation of a Vocational Education Lobby
Vocational Guidance as a Supplement to Vocational Education
Vocational Education from the Late 1920s to the Late 1930s
Part I: Traveling Texts
Chapter 3: Introducing the Sources
Publication Platforms
Chapter 4: Coming to Terms with the Complexity of the German Education System (1903–1912)
The Study of the German System of Vocational Education in Its Infancy
German Realia Education as Part of Vocational Education
German Continued Education as a Popular Theme in the Education World
News on Kerschensteiner’s Reforms in Munich Reach China
Entering the International Field of Comparative Education
Chapter 5: Vocational Education Between Paternalism, Militarism, and the Pedagogical Reform Movement (1913–1922)
Education for Citizenship and the Fear of a “Vagrant China”
Practical Questions of Implementing Continued and Vocational Education
Vocational Education Within Modern Industries
A State-Sponsored Study
The “German Spirit” of Education
World War I, May Fourth, and the Founding of CAVE
Chapter 6: Growing Disillusionment and Novel Approaches (1923–1939)
Reactions to the Criticism
Gu Shusen’s German Tour and Vocational Guidance
Blue Shirts, Brown Shirts, and Laborism (1930–1939)
Turning Tides in the Chinese Study of German Vocational Education
Bridging the Sino-German Divide: The Writings of Bernhard Berrens
Part II: Touring Skills
Chapter 7: Tongji University and Its Foreman School
From Apprentice School to Foreman School
The Foreman School During World War I
Expensive Yet Attractive
Building on Previous Successes After the War
The Foreman School in Its Historical Context
Chapter 8: At the Crossroads of Cost-Cutting, Upskilling, and Marketing
Siemens in China: A Short History
Siemens’ Quest for Qualified Chinese Personnel in the Early 1900s
Continued Training of Chinese Students and Engineers at Siemens in the 1930s
Further Efforts to Promote Studies in Germany
Chinese Interns at Other German Companies
Growing Chinese Interest in Internships Abroad from the 1920s
Chinese Interns in German Electrical Companies
Financial Subsidies and Other Forms of Support for Chinese Interns
A Fusion of Civil and Military Interests in the Electrotechnical Industry
Reporting Home: Scientific Publications by Former Interns and Knowledge Transmission to China
Chapter 9: Vocational Training as Part of Sino-German Contracts
A Short Company History
Selling Trucks, Delivering Knowledge
Chief Engineers of CAC as Brokers and Knowledge Disseminators
Chapter 10: The Feng-Chinese: A Sino-German Experiment with Professional Soldiers and Soldiers with a Profession
The Initial Plan to Train Former Military Officers in Germany
A Crumbling Plan in the Face of Complex Personal and Political Dynamics
Reconciling German and Chinese Perspectives
The Feng Students and What Became of Them
Chapter 11: Tongji Graduates and Their Contribution to Modern Midwifery Training
The Midwifery Schools
Germanness as a Source of Prestige
The Hospitals and Medical Schools in Shanghai and German Interests
The Midwifery Student’s Perspective
Chapter 12: Conclusion
Appendix
List of Chinese Interns
Glossary
Bibliography
Archival Materials
Shanghai Municipal Archives (Shanghai shi dang’anguan 上海市檔案館)
Siemens Corporate Archives
Political Archives of the Federal Foreign Office (Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts)
German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Berlin-Lichterfelde
Krupp Historical Archives (Historisches Archiv Krupp)
Economic Archives of Rhine-Westphalia (Rheinisch-Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv)
Index
