Geotechnical Engineering in the Digital and Technological Innovation Era

Preface
Committees
Contents
Keynote Lectures
Some Remarks on the Response of Framed Structures to Tunnelling in Coarse-Grained Soils
1 Introduction
2 Results of the Experimental and Numerical Studies
2.1 Centrifuge Tests
2.2 Finite Element Analyses
2.3 Modification Factors for Angular Distortion
3 The Milan Metro Line 5 Case History
3.1 Monitoring Data and Back-Analysis
3.2 A Numerical Exercise for Optimisation of Monitoring Sensors
4 Conclusions
References
Demand Hazard Curves for the Assessment of Seismic Induced Slope Displacements in Ischia Island
1 Introduction
2 Outline of the Methodology
3 Geological and Geomorphological Setting
4 Seismic Demand
5 Results
6 Conclusions
References
On Multiphysical Couplings in Energy Geotechnics: Relevance and Applications
1 Introduction
2 Selected Examples of Multiphysical Processes in Energy-Related Geotechnical Applications
2.1 Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Couplings in Energy Geostructures
2.2 Thermo-Hydro Mechanical Couplings in Bentonite-Based Engineered Barriers for the Confinement of Nuclear Wastes
2.3 Hydro-Mechanical Couplings in Shales
2.4 Chemo-Mechanical Couplings: Changes in Pore Water Composition
3 Conclusions
References
Rock Masses Characterization with Advanced Measurement Systems for Reliability-Based Design
1 Introduction
2 Roughness Heterogeneity and Anisotropy of a Rock Discontinuity Surface
3 Rock Mass Block Volume Evaluation
4 Conclusion
References
Trends, Techniques, Testing, Tribulations, Tasks, Trajectories: The Saga of Data in the Evolution of Geotechnical Design
1 Trends
2 Techniques
3 Testing
4 Tribulations
5 Tasks
6 Trajectories Ahead
References
Laboratory Testing: Innovation in Technologies and Equipment
Cyclic Behavior of Sand Stabilized by Colloidal Silica: Effects of Sample Preparation and Energy–Based Approach
1 Introduction
2 Materials, Methods and Test Database
3 Results
3.1 Effects of Sample Preparation
3.2 Dissipated Energy
4 Conclusions
References
Tensio-Inclinometer: A Deployable Wireless Device to Underpin Early Warning Systems for Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides
1 Introduction
2 The Tensio-Inclinometer
3 Experimental Activity
3.1 Slope Physical Model and Tested Soil
3.2 Results
4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
First Experiences with Gel-Push Sampler for Testing Coarse Alluvial Soils Under a River Levee
1 Introduction
2 Gel-Push Sampling Methodology
2.1 Gel -Push Type Tr Sampler
3 The Field Test Sites
4 Result of Laboratory Tests
5 Conclusion
References
Small Scale Toppling Tests on Simplified Tree Root Prototypes
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Apparatus and Loading Program
3 Experimental Results of the Toppling Tests
4 Conclusions
References
Small Scale Experimental Tests and Simplified Modelling of Horizontal Loading Tests on Embedded Foundations
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Apparatus and Testing Programme
3 Interaction Diagrams
4 Simplified Modelling
5 Conclusions
References
Physical Modelling of Backward Erosion Piping for the Development of Natural-Based Mitigation Strategies
1 Introduction
2 Backward Erosion Experiment
2.1 Experimental Set-Up
2.2 Sample Preparation and Test Procedure
2.3 Backward Erosion Piping Stages
3 Experimental Observations
4 Conclusions and Future Studies
References
A Prototype to Measure Water Content in Pyroclastic Soil Covers
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals of Impedance Spectroscopy
3 Laboratory Testing
3.1 Materials and Methods
3.2 Prototype System
4 Preliminary Results
5 Conclusions
References
Investigating the Effects of Fire on Rooted Pyroclastic Soil Properties by Laboratory Burning Treatments
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Experimental Program and Testing Procedures
3 Analysis of Test Results
3.1 Temperature Profile and SOM Content
3.2 SWR and Infiltration Characteristics
3.3 Soil Shear Strength
4 Conclusions
References
Calibration Tests of a Shaking Table Apparatus for Testing Large Scale Geotechnical Models
1 Introduction
2 Calibration of the Pluviation System
3 Signal Reproduction Capability
4 Conclusions
References
Hydro-Mechanical Characterization of a Shale by Unusually High-Pressure Oedometric Tests
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
3 Test Results
4 Conclusions
References
On the Post-peak Behaviour of Remoulded and Jointed Clay Samples During Triaxial Compression Tests
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Materials
3 Experimental Program
4 Analysis of the Results
5 Concluding Remarks
References
On the Fabric of a 3D Printed Soil
1 Introduction
2 Example of 3D Printing Process of a Geomaterial
3 Definition of Index Properties for a 3D Printed Soil
4 Material and Method
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
New Trends and Applications for Measurements and In-Situ Monitoring
Surface Wave Testing with Distributed Acoustic Sensing Measurements to Estimate the Shear-Wave Velocity and the Small-Strain Damping Ratio
1 Introduction
2 The Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Technology
3 Site Description and MASW Survey
4 Extraction of R-Wave Parameters
5 Joint Inversion of Dispersion and Attenuation Data
6 Conclusions
References
Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensors for Monitoring Slow Landslides and Anchors for Their Stabilization
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 The Smart Inclinometer
2.2 The Smart Passive Anchor
3 Field Monitoring by Using DFOS
3.1 Centola Landslide Case Study
3.2 Fantoni Landslide Case Study
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Smart Monitoring by Fiber-Optic Sensors of Strain and Temperature of a Concrete Double Arch Dam
1 Introduction
1.1 Dam Monitoring
2 Case Study: Ponte Cola Dam
2.1 DFOS Installation
2.2 Measurements Campaigns
3 Data Analysis
4 Final Remarks
References
Numerical Modelling of Sant’Anna Flood Control Reservoir (Panaro River, North Italy): A Tool for Predicting the Behavior of Flood Control Structures During Flood Events
1 The Case History: The Sant’Anna Flood Control Reservoir (Panaro River, North Italy)
2 Geotechnical and Numerical Model Levees and Flood Dam
3 Preliminary Analysis and Results
4 Final Remarks
References
Investigating the Effects of Water Levels Measured in Two Nearby Rivers on Groundwater Pore Pressures Regime
1 Introduction
2 Monitoring System
3 Experimental Results
4 Hydro-Thermal Modelling
5 Conclusions
References
Fiber Optic Sensing for Sinkhole Detection in Cohesionless Soil
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Experimental Setup
3 Results
3.1 Particle Image Velocimetry Analysis
3.2 Strain Profiles from DFOS
4 Conclusions
References
GIS-Based Analysis of the Potential Effectiveness and Efficiency of Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR to Survey and Monitor Rockfall Areas Along 15 km of Highway E45
1 Introduction
2 Rockfall-Highway Interferences
2.1 Classification of Elements Exposed to Rockfalls
2.2 Potential Impact of Rockfalls Against Exposed Elements
3 Simulations of Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR Surveys
4 Results
4.1 Effectiveness
4.2 Efficiency
5 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Temporary Deep Landslide Reactivation with Interferometric Monitoring Technique
1 Introduction
2 The Study Site
3 Slope Monitoring
4 Discussion and Final Remarks
References
A Macro-element for Pile Groups Subjected to Vertical Eccentric Load
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Framework
3 Validation Against Experimental Benchmarks
4 Response to Complex Load Paths
5 Conclusions
References
Uprooting Safety Factor of Trees from Static Pulling Tests and Dynamic Monitoring
1 Introduction
1.1 State of the Art
2 Uprooting Safety Assessment
2.1 Static Pull Tests
2.2 The Dynamic Tree Testing Principle
3 Experimental Field Tests
3.1 Test Set-Up and Methodology
3.2 Test Results
4 Fs Calculations
5 Conclusions
References
Multidisciplinary Study on a Landslide Area Individuated by Using Statistical Methodologies Before and After the Last Reactivation
1 Introduction
2 Landslide Susceptibility Map in the Study Area
2.1 The Gole Del Drago Area: A Reference Geological Model
3 Geotechnical Characterization and Landslide Modelling
4 Conclusions
References
Recent Developments in Soil Investigation by Medusa SDMT
1 Introduction
2 Medusa (S)DMT Equipment and Test Procedure
3 Medusa SDMT Investigation Campaign at Onsøy
4 Previous Medusa DMT Tests at Fucino-Telespazio
5 Medusa (S)DMT Results in Onsøy vs. Fucino Clays
6 Conclusions
References
Remote Sensing Meteorological and DInSAR Historical Data to Analyse the Kinematic Behaviour of Slow-Moving Landslides at Municipal Scale
1 Introduction
2 Case Study and Available Dataset
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
An Innovative Holistic GIS-BIM and Artificial Intelligence Based Approach to Manage Mechanized Tunnelling: The Back-Analysis of the Budapest Metro Line4
1 Introduction
1.1 GIS-BIM Data Management in Mechanized Tunneling
1.2 Prediction of Ground Deformation with Artificial Neural Networks “ANNs”
2 The Case Study of Budapest Metro Line 4
3 Results and Future Remarks
References
Liquefaction-Induced Downdrag on Tapered Piles from Full-Scale Blast Liquefaction Tests
1 Introduction
2 Soil Profile and Pile Properties
3 Static Load Testing
4 Controlled Blasting Downdrag Test
5 Conclusions
References
The Chiaia Station of the Napoli Underground: Observations
1 Introduction
2 Site and Subsoil Investigation
3 Excavation Support and Main Construction Step
4 Monitoring Results and Comparison with Empirical Methods
5 Conclusion
References
Numerical Back-Analysis of In-Situ Constant Head Tests in Partially Saturated Soil Cover to Determine the Permeability Function
1 Introduction
2 In-Situ Constant Head Permeability Testing
3 Numerical Back-Analysis of the Seepage Process
4 Results and Discussion
References
DInSAR Data for Landslides in Basilicata Region: Geotechnical Calibration and Interpretation
1 Introduction
2 Case Studies: Two Large Landslide Systems in Structurally Complex Formations
2.1 Potenza
2.2 Calciano
3 Conclusions
References
Constitutive Modelling and the Thermo-Hydro-Chemo-Mechanical Behaviour of Geomaterials
One Phase vs Two-Phase Modelling of Infiltration Processes
1 Introduction
2 Modelling Water and Air Transport in Unsaturated Soils
3 Numerical Model
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
The Shear Strength of Two Tectonized Clay Shales
1 Foreword
2 The Micro- and Meso-fabric of Tectonized Clay Shales
3 General Features of the Investigated Soils
4 Conclusions
References
An Elastoplastic Framework Accounting for Changes in Matric and Osmotic Suction in Unsaturated Non-expansive Clays
1 Introduction
2 Constitutive Framework
2.1 Matric Suction Effect: Barcelona Basic Model
2.2 Osmotic Suction Effect: The Musso-Scelsi Della Vecchia Model
2.3 Combining Matric and Osmotic Suction Effects
3 Model Predictions
3.1 Compacted Boom Clay
3.2 Remoulded Loess
4 Conclusions
References
Numerical Study on Bentonite Permeability Evolution upon Water Hydration
1 Introduction
2 Hydro-Mechanical Model
3 Numerical Modelling
3.1 Experimental Test Description
3.2 Numerical Model
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Hygro-Thermal Modelling of Earthen Materials for Building Applications
1 Introduction
2 Hygro-Thermal Model
2.1 Definitions and Constitutive Equations
2.2 Water Mass Balance
2.3 Thermal Energy Balance
2.4 The Complete Set of Equations
3 Numerical Model
3.1 Comparison with Soudani et al. [7]
3.2 Parametric Study
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Water Exchange of Opalinus Clay Samples
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
3 THM Model for Vapour Equilibrium Technique
4 Model Validation
5 Conclusion
References
Experimentation of the Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of the Soil-Concrete Interface
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 Soil Properties
2.2 Testing Program
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Generation of Yield Surfaces and Plastic Potentials in Elastoplastic Modelling of Soils
1 Introduction
2 Generation of Yield Surfaces
3 Generation of Plastic Potentials
4 Example Modelling
5 Conclusions
References
Mean Field Approaches for the Homogenization of Elastic Parameters of Lightweight Cemented Soils
1 Introduction
2 Mean Field Approaches: Mori-Tanaka Scheme
2.1 Mori-Tanaka Scheme: Input Parameters
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Multi-scale Modelling of Natural Composites Using Thermodynamics-Based Artificial Neural Networks and Dimensionality Reduction Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Framework
2.1 Dimensionality Reduction Techniques
2.2 Random Field Generation Algorithms
2.3 Thermodynamics-Based Artificial Neural Networks for Multiscale Modelling
3 Material Model and Numerical Database
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
Reinterpreting the Bishop’s Parameter  in the Light of the Drying Collapse of Clays: From Phenomenology to Numerical Implementation
1 Introduction
2 How Over-Consolidated Clays Behave During Drying
3 Mechanical Reasons for a Sudden Fabric Reorganization Under Drying
4 Improving the Performance of the Bishop’s Effective Stress
References
Some Improvements of a Visco-Plastic Constitutive Model for Snow
1 Introduction
2 The Model
2.1 Yield Locus and Irreversible Strain Potential
2.2 Viscosity and Flow Rule
2.3 Sintering and Hardening Laws
3 Numerical Implementation and Results
4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Micromechanical Numerical Modelling of Foundation Punching in Highly Porous Cemented Geomaterials in a Virtual Centrifuge Environment
1 Introduction
2 Penetration Simulation of a Shallow Foundation
2.1 Preparation of the Coupled DEM-FDM Model
3 Novel Damage Bond Model
3.1 Model Introduction
3.2 Verification of the One-Bond Contact
4 Simulation of the Penetration of a Shallow Foundation Using the Proposed Damage Bond Model
4.1 Simulation Results
4.2 Failure Mechanism
5 Conclusion
References
Novelties in Computational Geomechanics
On the Evaluation of Indirect Simulations Performance of Multi-parametrical Transient Seepage Models in River Embankments
1 Introduction
2 Presentation of the Case Study and of the Numerical Model
3 The Calibration Program of the Model Parameters
4 Analysis of the Performance of Indirect Simulations
5 Conclusions
References
A 1D Simplified Approach for Liquefaction Potential Evaluation of Soil Deposits
1 Introduction
2 Decoupled Approach
2.1 Excess Pore Water Pressures Relationship and Cyclic Resistance Curve
2.2 Equivalent Cyclic Loading
2.3 Influence of Excess Pore Water Pressures on the Frequency Content of the Earthquake-Induced Soil Accelerations
3 Comparison with Coupled FEM Analyses
3.1 Calibration of Model Parameters for the Decoupled Approach
3.2 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Simulation of Rainfall-Induced Landslides from Small to Large Displacements with an Efficient Sequential Use of FEM and MPM
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Strategy
2.1 Mapping Procedure Between FEM and MPM
3 Experiment Description
4 FEM and MPM Model
5 Results
5.1 Effect of Failure Time
6 Conclusions
References
G-PFEM Numerical Assessment of Rock Anchor Interface Properties on Pull-Out Capacity for Renewable Offshore Applications
1 Introduction
2 The Structured MCC Model
3 The RA Numerical Model
4 Numerical Results
5 Conclusions
References
Application of the Material Point Method to the Study of Tailing Dams Failure due to Static Liquefaction
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Model
3 Results
3.1 Impact of Strength Parameters
3.2 Impact of Numerical Parameters
4 Conclusions
References
Zero-Dimensional Seismic Design of Bridge Abutments: A Double Macroelement Approach
1 Motivation
2 Zero-Dimensional Performance-Based Design
2.1 Macroelement for the Soil-Abutment System
2.2 Macroelement of the Bridge Superstructure
3 Validation
4 Use in Abutment Design
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Modelling Phase Transition in Saturated Granular Materials in MPM
1 Introduction
2 Constitutive Model
3 Numerical Implementation in MPM
4 Validation of the Model Numerical Implementation
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Effect of Soil Permeability on CPTu Test Results in Structured Clay Soils
1 Introduction
2 The FDMilan Model
3 PFEM Model and Simulations Program
4 Effect of Soil Permeability
5 Effect of Soil Destructuration on Net Cone Tip Resistance
6 Concluding Remarks
References
A Comparison Between Theoretical and Numerical Ultimate Failure Domains for Pile Groups
1 Introduction
2 Problem Definition and Numerical FE Model
2.1 Constitutive Models and Soil-Pile Interface
3 FE Model Validation
3.1 Structural Behaviour of the Single Pile
3.2 Vertical Bearing Capacity of the Single Pile
4 Analysis of the 4 × 1 Pile Group
5 Conclusions
References
The Soft-Oedometer: A Simple Test to Calibrate Advanced Constitutive Models for CPT Simulations in Soft Rocks
1 Introduction
2 Standard Element Testing on SNW Chalk
3 The University of Dundee Soft Oedometer Tool
3.1 Oedometric Tests (OED) on Intact and Remoulded SNW Chalk
4 Numerical Modelling of CPT Installation in Chalk
4.1 Model Calibration
4.2 Model Application to CPTu in SNW Chalk
5 Conclusion
References
Processes Involved in Deformations and Instability in Static and Seismic Conditions
Geotechnical Characterization of the Subsoil at the “Regina Montis Regalis” Basilica in Vicoforte, Italy
1 Introduction
2 Geotechnical Investigation Campaigns
3 Geotechnical Characterization
3.1 Soil Characterization and Classification
3.2 Mechanical Properties
4 Conclusions
References
Earthflows in the Basento Valley: Hydraulic Characteristics Influencing Their Kinematics
1 Introduction
2 Geological Formations, Landslide Material, Kinematic Features
3 Hydraulic Conductivity and Porewater Pressures
4 3D Model of Transient Seepage Induced by Rain
5 Conclusions
References
Observation and Analysis of a Moving Slope
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Case Study
3 Location and Ground Conditions
4 Instrumentation and Monitoring
5 Control Measures
6 Evolution of the Slope Movement
7 Summary and Conclusions
References
OpenSees Analysis of a Tailings Storage Facility in Southern Tuscany (Italy)
1 Introduction
2 Overview of the Tailings Storage Facility
2.1 Geotechnical Characterization
3 Finite Element Model
3.1 Geometry Definition
3.2 Constitutive Models Definition and Calibration
3.3 Boundary Conditions
3.4 Ground Motion Definition
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
An Integrated Monitoring Network for the Mitigation of the Coastal Risk
1 Introduction
2 The Research Project NEWS
2.1 An Overview
2.2 The Test Sites
3 Sea Cliff Stability and Coastal Erosion
4 Concluding Remarks
References
The Static and Seismic Behaviour of a Slow-Moving Landslide: The Case of Montemartano (Umbria, Central Italy)
1 Introduction
2 Geological and Geomorphological Frame
3 Monitoring Data
4 Static Analyses
5 Seismic Response
6 Conclusions and Further Developments
References
Geotechnical Investigations and Monitoring of the Archaeological Site of Santa Croce in Ravenna (Italy)
1 Introduction
2 Land Subsidence in the Ravenna Area
3 The Case Study of Santa Croce
4 The Drainage System Operating in the Area
5 Geotechnical Investigations
6 Conclusions
References
Finite Element Modelling of Seismic Performance of an Excavation Supported by Propped Diaphragm Walls in a Natural Structured Clay Soil
1 Introduction
2 The Hypoplastic Model for Structured Clays
3 Finite Element Model and Simulations Program
3.1 Problem Geometry and Discretization
3.2 Initial Conditions and Simulation Program
3.3 Seismic Input
4 Selected Results
5 Concluding Remarks
References
A Simplified Method for Relating Rainfall to Movements of Slopes Reinforced by Piles
1 Introduction
2 Calculation Method
3 Analysis of a Case Study
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Back-Analysis of the Post-failure Stage of a Landslide in Sensitive Clays
1 Introduction
2 A Brief Description of the Saint-Jude Landslide
3 MPM Simulation of the Saint-Jude Landslide
4 Conclusions
References
Integrated Physical and Numerical Modelling to Study the Hydro-Mechanical Response of a River Embankment
1 Introduction
2 Physical Modelling
2.1 Soils and Testing Conditions
2.2 Test Procedure
3 Finite Element Numerical Modelling
3.1 Model Definition: Geometry and Phases
3.2 Model Calibration: Soil Tests
3.3 Model Validation
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Identification of the Timing of Liquefaction at a Levee Site in Japan Using a Time-Frequency Based Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Performance of River-Protection Levees During the 2011 M9.1 Earthquake in Japan
3 Use of Time-Frequency Analysis Procedures to Identify the Timing of Liquefaction Triggering
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
Probabilistic Approaches to Data Analysis and Performance Assessment
Reliability-Based Evaluation of the Stability of Underground Cavities in Naples
1 Introduction
2 Method of Analysis
3 Application to the Cavities Underground Naples
3.1 Description of the Main Features
3.2 Performed Analyses
3.3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Seismic Hazard Assessment by the Application of a Synthetic Damage-Constrained Parameter
1 Introduction
2 Investigation Campaign and Definition of the Subsoil Models
3 Selection of Input Ground Motions
4 Evaluation of Amplification Factors
5 New Methodology for the Seismic Hazard Assessment
6 Conclusions
References
Artificial Intelligence-Based Analysis of Numerical Simulations of the Seismic Response of Retaining Walls
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Numerical Model
2.2 Machine Learning Techniques
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Evaluation of Seismic Landslide Hazard Based on a New Displacement Semi-empirical Relationship
1 Introduction
2 New Semi-empirical Relationship and Probabilistic Framework
3 Displacement Hazard Curves and Maps
4 Conclusions
References
Maintenance, Reliability and Resilience of Critical Infrastructures
Design of Permeation Grouting Treatments with Eco-Friendly Nanosilica Grouts
1 Introduction
2 Design Method
2.1 Simplifying Assumptions and Input Data
2.2 Design Formulae and Outputs
3 Model Employment
3.1 For a Feasibility Study
3.2 Design Charts
4 Conclusions
References
Effects of Soil Compaction and Water Retention Properties on the Analysis of Crack Patterns in an Earth Dam
1 The Abate Alonia Dam: Main Features and Geological Context
2 Historical Notes and Observed Damage
3 Retention Properties of the Embankment Dam
4 Recent Geophysical Investigations for the Detection of Dam Anomalies
5 Concluding Remarks
References
A Novel Method for Assessing Pile Base Resistance in Sand
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Framework
2.1 Cavity Expansion Theory
2.2 Pile Base Response
2.3 Parameters Required
3 Verification from 50 Pile Load Tests
4 Conclusions
References
Finite Element Analyses of Piled Foundations: Interaction Domains Under Undrained Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Model
3 Numerical Results
4 Geotechnical Verification of the Foundation System
5 Conclusions
References
A Simple Parametric Numerical Model to Assist the Design of Repair Works and Maintenance of Tunnels
1 Status Quo of Existing Tunnels in Italy
2 Refurbishment Plan for Existing Tunnels in Italy
3 A Simple Effective Numerical Model
4 Conclusions
References
Influence of the Seismic Performance of Geotechnical Systems on the Resilience of a Road Network
1 Introduction
2 Application to an Ideal Case Study
3 Seismic Fragility of the Analysed Retaining Walls
3.1 Theoretical Reference Model
3.2 Fragility Curves and Functionality Loss of the Network Links
4 Road Network
5 Conclusions
References
Centrifuge Experiments Dealing with Monotonic and Cyclic Loads on Pile Foundations in Sand
1 Introduction
2 Model Preparation
2.1 Manufacturing of Miniaturized Reinforced Concrete Piles
2.2 Model Installation and Experimental Setup
3 Centrifuge Testing
3.1 Test 1
3.2 Test 2
4 Preliminary Results and Planned Data Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
Influence of Vertical Ground Motion on the Seismic Performance of an Earth Dam
1 Introduction
2 Input Motions and Numerical Analyses
3 Analysis Results
4 Conclusions
References
Effects of Complex Surface Conditions on the Seismic Response of Caisson Foundations
1 Introduction
2 Prototype Case Study
2.1 Seismic Input Definition
3 The 3D Numerical Modelling
3.1 The Reference Model
3.2 Results for the Reference Model
4 Complex Surfaces Effects
4.1 Effect of Topographic Hollows
4.2 Results for the Models with the Topographical Convergence
5 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Seismic Performance of Multi-propped Retaining Structures
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Model
2.1 Model and Computational Stages
2.2 Seismic Input
3 Results
3.1 Ground Motion
3.2 Behaviour of Structures
4 Conclusions
References
Advances in Risk Mitigation Strategies
Predicting the Soil Slip Triggering Through the SLIP Model and ML Approaches Including Vegetation
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Slip
2.2 Machine Learning
2.3 Root Reinforcement
3 Results
3.1 Study Area
3.2 Susceptibility Maps and ROC Curves
4 Conclusions
References
A Semi-quantitative Approach to Assess the Propensity of Rockfall Source Areas to Instability Based on the Susceptibility Index to Failure (SIF): the Case Study of Capo Calavà (Italy)
1 Introduction
2 The Rockfall Susceptibility Index to Failure (SIF)
3 The Case Study of Capo Calavà (Italy)
3.1 Characterization of the Release Areas
3.2 Susceptibility Analysis Results
3.3 Definition of the Release Activity of the Rockfall Source Areas
4 Conclusions
References
Landslide Early Warning Systems as Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Rail Infrastructure
1 Introduction
2 Methodological Approach
2.1 Collection and Processing of the Input Data
2.2 Calibration and Validation of the Empirical Rainfall Thresholds
2.3 LEWS Management
3 Concluding Remarks
References
Geotechnical Analysis on the Effects of Tiber River Hydraulic Regime in the City Centre of Rome Within the Project Tiber’S
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Workflow
2.1 Historical Surveys
2.2 Hydraulic Regimes
2.3 WebGIS Platform
3 Case Study
3.1 Numerical Analyses
3.2 Results and Comparisons with Satellite Data
4 Conclusion
References
Assessing the Potential Impact of 1.5 ℃ Global Warming on the Local Response of a Pyroclastic Cover Susceptible to Shallow Landslides
1 Introduction
2 The Study Area
2.1 The Pilot Site
3 Numerical Modelling
3.1 Geometry and Soil Properties
3.2 Model Conditions
3.3 Climatic Scenarios
3.4 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Development of Sustainable Approach for Coastal Erosion Risk Mitigation
1 Introduction
1.1 Coastal Erosion
2 The Erosion Potential Method (EPM)
3 Experimental Study
3.1 Soils Sampling and Mineralogical Properties
3.2 Grain Size Distribution and Physical Properties
4 The Application of EPM for a Sustainable Management of Coastal Areas
5 Conclusion
References
Impact of Granular Masses on Sheltering Structures: Definition of the Initial Conditions for the Assessment of Impact Forces
1 Introduction
2 Role of Porosity in Affecting the Maximum Impact Force
3 Theoretical Discussion
3.1 Steady-State - I Solution for a Sheet Flow
3.2 Sheet Flow Mean Porosity
3.3 Assessment of Initial Conditions
4 Conclusions
References
Eco-Friendly Solutions for Soil and Rock Stabilization, Environmental Protection and Ecological Transition
Laboratory Tests on Gravel-Rubber Mixtures (GRM): FEM Modelling Versus Experimental Observations
1 Introduction
2 Modelling of Drained Triaxial Tests on Gravel-Rubber Mixtures
2.1 Gravel-Rubber Mixtures (GRMs) and the Numerical Model
2.2 Adopted Constitutive Models
3 Calibration of the Model Parameters: Comparison Between Experimental and Numerical Results
4 Conclusions
References
Environmentally Sustainable Solutions for Slope Consolidation in the Deruta Historic Center
1 Introduction
2 Motivations
3 Numerical Modelling
3.1 Model Implementation
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
Thermal Conductivity of Cement–Based Grouts for Energy Micropiles: Preliminary Experimental Investigation
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Tests
2.1 Materials
2.2 Thermal Conductivity Tests
2.3 Workability Tests
2.4 Experimental Program
3 Results
4 Concluding Remarks and Future Developments
References
Alkaline Activation of Volcanic Ash as Binder for Soil Improvement
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Experimental Procedures
2.1 Materials and Methods
2.2 Sample Preparation
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Hydraulic Conductivity and Compressibility of Soils Treated with Fly Ash
1 Introduction
1.1 Soil Stabilization by Traditional Binders
1.2 By-Products for Soil Stabilization
2 Materials and Test Methods
3 Experimental Results
3.1 Compaction
3.2 Hydraulic Conductivity
3.3 Compressibility
3.4 Microstructure
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Numerical Analysis of the Behaviour of Energy Micropiles Used for Heat Storage: A Case Study in Turku (Finland)
1 Introduction
2 Case Study
2.1 Turku Market Square
2.2 In Situ Thermal Response Test
3 Numerical Modelling
3.1 3D Model with 1D Pipes Representation
3.2 3D Model with 3D Pipes Representation
3.3 Numerical Analysis of the TRT Results
4 Conclusions
References
Design Charts for Induced Partial Saturation: A Promising Mitigation Technique Against Liquefaction
1 Introduction
2 Design Tool for IPS
2.1 Energetic Approach to Predict Liquefaction Resistance of Non-saturated Sandy Soils
2.2 Design Charts
3 Design of IPS for the Case Study of Treasure Island
4 Final Remarks
References
Performance of Synthetic Lightweight Aggregates for Road Embankment Construction on Improved Soft Soil
1 Introduction
2 Geotechnical and Environmental Properties of SLAs
3 Benchmark Case Study
3.1 Case 1: Use of SLAs as Backfill Material for Compacted Aggregate Columns
3.2 Case 2: Use of SLA as Fill Material for Embankment Constructed on Soft Soil Improved by Prefabricated Vertical Drains
4 Conclusions
References
Evaluation of the In-Situ Behaviour of a Lime-Treated Clay in a Real-Scale Experimental Embankment
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Analysis of Results and Discussion
4 Concluding Remarks
References
On the Efficiency of GFRP Anchors in Soft Rocks
1 Introduction
2 Aesthetic Rock-Mass Improvement Concept
3 Conclusions
References
Author Index