Geospatial Technology for Landscape and Environmental Management: Sustainable Assessment and Planning

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Spatio-Temporal Variability of Channel Planform Dynamics in Response to Spatial Expansion of Brick Kilns: A Case Study of the Downstream Course of Ichamati River, West Bengal, India
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Study Area
1.3 Methods and Methodology
1.4 Results and Discussion
1.4.1 Expansion of Brick Kilns Along the Riverbank of Ichamati River
1.4.2 Sediment–Water Budget
1.4.3 Variability of Channel Planform Dynamics with Relation to the Expansion of Brick Kilns
1.5 Conclusion
References
2 Assessment of Replenishable Groundwater Resource and Integrated Water Resource Planning for Sustainable Agriculture
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Study Area Description
2.2.2 Topography
2.2.3 Climate and Rainfall
2.2.4 Soil and Subsurface Formation
2.2.5 Norms Used for Groundwater Resource Estimation
2.3 Database Used for Potential Zoning and Watershed Planning
2.3.1 Primary Data
2.3.2 Secondary Data
2.3.3 Software
2.4 Methodology for Estimation of Dynamic Groundwater Resource
2.4.1 Draft Calculations
2.4.2 Recharge Calculations
2.5 Methodology Used for Groundwater Prospecting and Watershed Planning
2.5.1 Generation of Thematic Maps
2.5.2 Preparation of Groundwater Potential Zone Map
2.5.3 Preparation of Water Resource Action Plan Map
2.6 Results and Discussion
2.6.1 Computation of Different Parameters of Groundwater Resource
2.6.2 Computation of Dynamic Groundwater Resource and Stage of Development
2.6.3 Thematic Layers of Study Area
2.6.4 Groundwater Potential Zone Map
2.6.5 Very Good
2.6.6 Good to Moderate
2.6.7 Moderate
2.6.8 Poor
2.6.9 Proposed Groundwater Utilization Points
2.6.10 Ground Truthing
2.6.11 Water Resources Action Plan
2.7 Conclusions
References
3 Spatial Prediction of Flood Frequency Analysis in a Semi-Arid Zone: A Case Study from the Seyad Basin (Guelmim Region, Morocco)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Study Area
3.3 Materials and Methods
3.3.1 Hydrology and Climatology
3.3.2 Flood Modelling Using HEC-RAS and WMS Method
3.3.3 Flood Modelling Using FHI Method
3.4 Results and Discussion
3.4.1 Flood Hazard Mapping Using HEC-RAS and WMS Method
3.4.2 Flood Hazard Index (FHI) Approach
3.5 Conclusions
References
4 Geospatial Modeling in the Assessment of Environmental Resources for Sustainable Water Resource Management in a Gondia District, India
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Study Area
4.3 Data Collection and Methodology
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.4.1 Physical Features
4.4.2 Water Quality Analysis (WQA)
4.5 Conclusions
References
5 Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater—Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion Along Krishna and Godavari Delta Region, Andhra Pradesh, India
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Study Area
5.3 Sampling and Analytical Procedure
5.4 Spatial Interpolation Methods
5.5 Results and Discussion
5.5.1 Piper Trilinear Diagram
5.5.2 Common Indicators of Sea Water Intrusion (SWI)
5.5.3 Seawater Mixing Index (SMI)
5.5.4 Integrated Groundwater Quality
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Microlevel Planning for Integrated Natural Resources Management and Sustainable Development: An Approach Through a Micro Watershed Using Geospatial Technology
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Study Area
6.3 Materials and Methods
6.3.1 Geospatial Technology in Natural Resource Management
6.3.2 Database and Methodology Used
6.3.3 Development of Geospatial Database at Cadastral Level (1:4000)
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.4.1 Land Resource Management Plan
6.4.2 Decision Rules for Land Management Plan
6.4.3 Land Management Solutions
6.4.4 Water Resource Management Plan
6.4.5 Decision Rules for Water Management Plan
6.4.6 Water Management Solution
6.5 Conclusion
References
7 Ecohydrological Perspective for Environmental Degradation of Lakes and Wetlands in Delhi
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The City of Delhi-the Water Resource and its Challenges
7.3 Data Used and Methodology
7.4 Urban Lake-Wetland Ecosystem and Reasons for Its Degradation
7.5 Ecohydrology Approach for Urban Lake-Wetland Management
7.6 Result and Discussion: Environmental Degradation of Lakes and Wetlands
7.7 Najafgarh Jheel
7.8 Hauz Khas Lake
7.9 Bhalswa Lake
7.10 Naini Lake
7.11 Old Fort Lake
7.12 Sanjay Van Lake
7.13 Restoration of Lakes and Management
7.14 Conclusion
References
8 Prioritization and Quantitative Assessment of Dhundsir Gad Using RS and GIS: Implications for Watershed Management, Planning and Conservation, Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Salient Features of Study Area
8.3 Regional Geological Setup
8.4 Materials and Methods
8.5 Result and Discussion
8.5.1 Linear Aspects
8.5.2 Areal Aspect
8.5.3 Relief Aspects
8.5.4 Hypsometric Curve (HC) and Hypsometric Integral (HI)
8.5.5 Prioritization
8.5.6 Geological Investigation
8.6 Conclusions
References
9 Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones and Resource Sustainability Through Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of Kamina Sub-Watershed of Bhima River Basin, Maharashtra, India
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Study Area
9.3 Materials and Methods
9.4 Results and Discussion
9.4.1 Geology and Morphometric Characteristics
9.4.2 DEM and Slope (%)
9.4.3 Soil
9.4.4 Dug Well and Bore Well Density
9.4.5 Land Use Land Cover (LULC)
9.4.6 Groundwater Potential Zones
9.5 Conclusion
References
10 Morphometric Analysis of Damodar River Sub-watershed, Jharkhand, India, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Study Area
10.3 Methodology and Data Used
10.3.1 Delineation of Sub-watershed
10.3.2 Extraction of Drainage Network
10.3.3 Morphometric Parameter Calculation
10.4 Result and Discussion
10.4.1 Aspect
10.4.2 Slope
10.4.3 Stream Order
10.4.4 Stream Number
10.4.5 Stream Length (Lu)
10.4.6 Mean Stream Length (Lsm)
10.4.7 Bifurcation Ratio (Rb)
10.4.8 Relative Relief (R)
10.4.9 Relief Ratio (Rh)
10.5 Conclusions
References
11 The Increasing Inevitability of IoT in Remote Disaster Monitoring Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Disaster Management
11.3 Role of IoT in Disaster Management
11.4 IoT Model for Disaster Management
11.5 IoT and Cloud Integration
11.6 Integration of IoT with Various Technologies for Disaster Management Applications
11.6.1 Big Data
11.6.2 Artificial Intelligence
11.7 Conclusion
References
12 Countering Challenges of Smart Cities Mission Through Participatory Approach
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Global Scenarios
12.1.2 Indian Scenario
12.2 Study Area
12.3 Research Methodology
12.3.1 Demographic Analysis
12.3.2 Regression Analysis
12.4 Conclusion
References
13 Urban Growth Modeling and Prediction of Land Use Land Cover Change Over Nagpur City, India Using Cellular Automata Approach
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Study Area
13.3 Data and Methods
13.3.1 Data Used
13.3.2 LULC Classification
13.3.3 Cellular Automata-Based (CA) Urban Growth Modeling
13.3.4 Parameters Used for Urban Growth Modeling
13.4 Results and Discussion
13.4.1 Variation in Land Use Land Cover Maps Derived from Satellite Imagery
13.4.2 Prediction Model
13.4.3 Validation of the CA model
13.4.4 Urban Growth in Nagpur
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 Slum Categorization for Efficient Development Plan—A Case Study of Udhampur City, Jammu and Kashmir Using Remote Sensing and GIS
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Study Area
14.3 Materials and Methods
14.3.1 Datasets
14.3.2 Methods
14.4 Results and Discussion
14.5 Analysis of Slums in 2 × 1 × 2 Category
14.6 Analysis of Slums in 1 × 1 × 2
14.7 Analysis of Slums in 2 × 2 × 2
14.8 Analysis of Slums in 2 × 1 × 1
14.9 Analysis of Slums in 2 × 2 × 1
14.10 Conclusions
References
15 Urban Growth Trend Analysis Using Shannon Entropy Approach—A Case Study of Dehradun City of Uttarakhand, India
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Types of Urban Sprawl
15.1.2 GIS, Remote Sensing in Urban and Regional Planning
15.1.3 Urbanisation in Dehradun
15.2 Study Area
15.3 Methodology
15.3.1 Hybrid Classification
15.3.2 Accuracy Assessment
15.3.3 Area Calculation
15.3.4 Image Reclassification
15.3.5 Multiple Ring Buffer
15.3.6 Zonal Statistics Table
15.3.7 Shannon’s Entropy
15.4 Results
15.4.1 Land Cover, Land Use
15.4.2 Area Calculation
15.4.3 Shannon’s Entropy
15.5 Discussion
15.6 Conclusion
References
16 Geospatial Approach for Mapping of Significant Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Andhra Pradesh
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Objective
16.3 Study Area
16.4 Materials and Methods
16.4.1 Data Used
16.4.2 Methodology
16.5 Results and Discussions
16.5.1 Spatial Distributions of Land Use/Land Cover During 2011–2012 and 2015–2016
16.5.2 Land Use/Land Cover Change During 2011–2012 and 2015–2016
References
17 Assessing the Impact of Delhi Metro Network Towards Urbanisation of Delhi-NCR
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Materials and Methods
17.3 Results and Analysis
17.4 Conclusion
References
18 Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effect in Rajkot City Using Geospatial Techniques
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Study Area
18.2 Material and Methodology
18.2.1 Calculation of Spatial and Temporal Land Use Land Cover (LULC)
18.2.2 Calculation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Various Related Parameters
18.2.3 Retrieval of Land Surface Parameters
18.2.4 Derivation of Land Surface Temperature (LST)
18.3 Results and Discussion
18.3.1 Retrieval of Land Use/Land Cover
18.3.2 Retrieval of NDVI
18.3.3 Retrieval of LST
18.3.4 Ambient Air Temperature of Rajkot
18.3.5 Isotherm of Rajkot
18.4 Conclusion
References
19 Multispectral Remote Sensing for Urban Planning and Development
19.1 Introduction
19.1.1 How a Planning is to Be Done
19.1.2 Types of Ways to Collect Data
19.1.3 Optical and Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing
19.1.4 Advantages of Remote Sensing
19.1.5 Optical and Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing Data in Planning
19.1.6 Significance of Remote Sensing in Planning
19.1.7 Optical and Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing
19.1.8 Case Studies
19.2 Conclusion
References
20 Analysis of Urban Green Spaces Using Geospatial Techniques—A Case Study of Vijayawada Urban Local Body Andhra Pradesh, India
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Study Area
20.3 Materials and Methods
20.3.1 Satellite Data Used
20.3.2 Software’s Used
20.3.3 Image Pre-processing
20.3.4 NDVI and Greenness Index
20.3.5 Transformed Difference Vegetation Index (TDVI)
20.4 Results and Discussion
20.4.1 Image Pre-processing
20.4.2 Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Greenness Index
20.4.3 Transformed Difference Vegetation Index (TDVI)
20.4.4 Per Capita Greenness
20.4.5 Field Data Collection and Field Verification
20.5 Conclusion
20.6 Limitations and Future Scope
References
21 Magnetic Susceptibility and Heavy Metals Contamination in Agricultural Soil of Kopargaon Area, Ahmadnagar District, Maharashtra, India
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Study Area
21.3 Materials and Method
21.3.1 Environmental Magnetic Analysis
21.3.2 Heavy Metal Analysis
21.4 Results and Discussion
21.4.1 Magnetic Susceptibility
21.4.2 Heavy Metals
21.5 Conclusion
References