Georgian: A Comprehensive Grammar

Cover
Half Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgements
Georgian language and alphabet
Chapter 1 Place of the Georgian language among the South Caucasian languages
Chapter 2 The Georgian alphabet
Phonology
Chapter 3 Sound system of the Georgian language
3.1 Classification of consonants
3.1.1 Consonant triples
3.1.2 Consonant pairs
3.1.3 Single consonants
3.1.4 Structure of consonant clusters
3.2 Classification of vowels
3.2.1 Backness
3.2.2 Height
3.2.3 Triangle of vowels
Morphology
Chapter 4 Nouns
4.1 Noun groups
4.1.1 Animate and inanimate nouns
4.1.2 Concrete and abstract nouns
4.1.3 Proper and common nouns
4.1.4 Collective nouns
4.1.5 Noncount nouns
4.2 Grammatical categories of nouns
4.2.1 Case and number markers
4.2.2 Function of cases
4.3 Declension of nouns
4.3.1 Declension of common nouns
4.3.1.1 Declension of consonant-stem non-syncopating common nouns
4.3.1.2 Declension of consonant-stem syncopating common nouns
4.3.1.3 Consonant-stem common nouns with irregular syncopation patterns
4.3.1.4 Declension of vowel-stem common nouns
4.3.1.5 Declension of vowel-stem non-truncating common nouns
4.3.1.6 Declension of vowel-stem truncating common nouns
4.3.1.7 Vowel-stem common nouns with irregular declension patterns
4.3.1.8 Declension of vowel-stem truncating common nouns with syncope
4.4 Declension of proper names
4.4.1 Declension of consonant-stem personal names
4.4.2 Declension of consonant-stem geographic names
4.4.3 Declension of vowel-stem given names
4.4.4 Declension of vowel-stem family names
4.4.5 Declension of given and family names together
4.4.6 Vowel-stem geographic names
4.4.6.1 Non-truncating geographic names
4.4.6.2 Truncating geographic names
Chapter 5 Adjectives
5.1 Groups of adjectives
5.1.1 Derivative adjectives
5.2 Comparative and superlative adjectives
5.3 Declension of adjectives
5.3.1 Declension of adjectives without nouns
5.3.2 Declension of adjectives preceding nouns
5.3.2.1 Declension of vowel-stem adjectives preceding nouns
5.3.2.2 Declension of consonant stem adjectives preceding nouns
Chapter 6 Numerals
6.1 Types of numerals
6.1.1 Cardinal numerals
6.1.2 Spelling of cardinal numerals
6.2 Ordinal and fractional numerals
6.3 Declension of numerals
6.3.1 Declension of consonant-stem cardinal numerals
6.3.1.1 Declension of consonant-stem cardinal numerals
6.3.1.2 Declension of consonant-stem quantifiers
6.3.2 Declension of vowel-stem numerals
6.3.2.1 Declension of vowel-stem cardinal numerals
6.3.2.2 Declension of vowel-stem quantifiers
6.3.2.3 Declension of vowel stem ordinal numerals
6.3.3 Declension of cardinal numerals extended by particles
6.3.4 Declension of numerals followed by nouns
6.3.4.1 Declension of vowel-stem numerals followed by nouns
6.3.4.2 Declension of consonant-stem cardinal numerals followed by nouns
6.3.5 Declension of numerals followed by numerals
Chapter 7 Pronouns
7.1 Personal pronouns and their declension
7.2 Reflexive pronouns
7.3 Possessive pronouns and their declension
7.3.1 Declension of possessive pronouns with nouns
7.4 Demonstrative pronouns
7.4.1 Declension of demonstrative pronouns
7.4.2 Declension of demonstrative pronouns preceding nouns
7.4.3 Declension of demonstrative pronouns with added particles separately and with nouns
7.5 Interrogative pronouns and their declension
7.5.1 Declension of interrogative pronouns preceding nouns
7.6 Possessive-interrogative pronouns and their declension
7.6.1 Declension of possessive-interrogative pronouns preceding nouns
7.7 Negative pronouns and their declension
7.8 Definite pronouns and their declension
7.8.1 Declension of definite pronouns preceding nouns
7.9 Indefinite pronouns and their declension
7.9.1 Declension of indefinite pronouns preceding nouns
7.10 Reciprocal pronouns and their declension
7.11 Relative pronouns and their declension
Chapter 8 Compounds
8.1 Semantics of compounds
8.2 Structure of compounds
8.2.1 Compounds with reduplicated stems
8.2.2 Compounds with different stems
8.2.3 Closed compounds
Chapter 9 Verbs
9.1 Person and number of the verb
9.1.1 Persons and actants
9.1.2 Subject and number markers
9.1.3 Direct/indirect object and number markers
9.1.4 Subject and object cases
9.1.5 Inversion of subject and object markers
9.1.6 Grammatical and actual verb persons
9.2 Preverbs
9.2.1 Structure of preverbs
9.2.2 Functions of preverbs
9.3 Voice and transitivity of verbs
9.3.1 Active voice
9.3.2 Passive voice
9.3.2.1 Suffixal passive voice verbs
9.3.2.2 Prefixal passive voice verbs
9.3.2.3 Root passive voice verbs
9.3.3 Medial verbs
9.3.3.1 Medio-active verbs
9.3.3.2 Medio-passive verbs
9.4 Version
9.4.1 Neutral and locative versions
9.4.2 Subjective version
9.4.3 Objective version
9.5 Tense and its subcategories
9.5.1 Mood
9.5.2 Aspect
9.6 Conjugation of verbs
9.6.1 I series
9.6.1.1 Present subseries
9.6.1.2 Future subseries
9.6.2 II series
9.6.2.1 Aorist
9.6.2.2 Optative
9.6.3 III series
9.6.3.1 Perfect
9.6.3.2 Pluperfect
9.6.3.3 Perfect subjunctive
9.7 Irregular verbs
9.7.1 Irregular verbs with changing stems in agreement with a plural subject
9.7.2 Irregular verbs with changing stems in agreement with a plural direct object
9.7.3 Honorific verbs of polite conversation
9.7.4 Irregular verbs with changing stems by tense
9.7.5 Irregular verbs with changing stems by aspect
9.8 Verbal nouns
9.8.1 Gerund and its derivation
9.8.2 Participles
9.8.2.1 Active voice participles
9.8.2.2 Passive voice participles
9.8.2.3 Medial voice participles
Chapter 10 Adverbs
10.1 Primary and derivative adverbs
10.2 Semantic groups of adverbs
Chapter 11 Postpositions
Chapter 12 Conjunctions
12.1 Coordinating conjunctions
12.1.1 Correlative conjunctions
12.1.2 Separating conjunctions
12.1.3 Contrastive conjunctions
12.1.4 Equating conjunctions
12.2 Subordinating conjunctions
Chapter 13 Particles
13.1 Interrogative particles
13.2 Limiting particles
13.3 Negation particles
13.4 Affirmative particles
13.5 Reported speech particles
13.6 Approximating particles
13.7 Emphasizing particles
13.8 Particles expressing wish or desire
13.9 Selective particles
13.10 Particles expressing possibility or supposition
13.11 Imitative particles
13.12 Indicative particles
13.13 Particle denoting frequency of action
13.14 Particle denoting not witnessed action
13.15 Parts of speech functioning as particles
Chapter 14 Interjections
Syntactic structures
Chapter 15 Noun phrase
15.1 Noun/subject
15.2 Noun/direct and indirect objects
15.3 Adjectives
15.3.1 Attributive adjectives
15.3.2 Genitive modifier
Chapter 16 Verb phrase
16.1 Predicate
16.1.1 Simple predicate
16.1.2 Compound predicate and its structure
16.2 Adjunct object
16.3 Predicative adjective
16.4 Adverbial modifiers
Chapter 17 Syntactic pairs
17.1 Number of syntactic pairs in a sentence
17.2 Types of word relations within syntactic pairs
17.2.1 Coordination
17.2.2 Subordination
17.3 Increasing and decreasing basic parts of a sentence
17.3.1 Increasing the number of actants in a sentence
17.3.1.1 Increasing the number of actants with causative verbs
17.3.1.2 Increasing the number of actants by changing version
17.3.1.3 Increasing the number of actants with preverbs
17.3.2 Decreasing the number of actants in a sentence
17.3.2.1 Conversion
Chapter 18 Modality of sentences
18.1 Declarative sentence
18.2 Interrogative sentence
18.3 Imperative and exclamative sentences
18.4 Interrogative-exclamative sentence
Chapter 19 Structure of sentences
19.1 Simple sentences
19.1.1 Unextended and extended sentences
19.1.2 Complete and incomplete sentences
19.1.3 Sentences without or with omitted subjects
19.1.4 Noun-sentence
19.2 Sentence with coordinated parts
19.2.1 Coordinated parts
19.2.1.1 Joining coordinated parts
19.3 Coordinated parts in syntactic pairs
19.3.1 Compound predicates
19.3.2 Compound subjects
19.3.3 Coordinated direct objects
19.3.4 Coordinated indirect objects
19.4 Parenthetical words and phrases
19.4.1 Appositive
19.4.2 Free modifiers
19.4.3 Asides
19.4.4 Addressing formulas and expressions
Chapter 20 Complex sentences
20.1 Complex coordinate sentence
20.2 Complex subordinate sentence
20.3 Adverbial clause of condition
20.4 Adverbial clause of concession
20.5 Adverbial clause of result
20.6 The compound-complex sentence
20.6.1 Compound sentence with several subordinate clauses
20.6.2 Mixed sentences
20.7 Direct and indirect speech
Bibliography
Index