This book presents a comprehensive analysis of diverse aspects of geohazards. The growing vulnerability and exposure to failures in risk reduction and policy-making increases the severity of geohazard impacts by many folds. Therefore, detailed geohazard analysis, modelling and forecasting are needed to reduce the impacts of extreme events.An interdisciplinary approach to hazard mitigation provides an advanced tool for risk reduction. The book thus summarizes recent modelling and analysis techniques for hazard assessment and risk mitigation. Topics discussed in the book are hazard and risk associated with earthquakes, vulnerability assessment for landslides and avalanches, the assessment of tsunami risk in coastal regions, the implementation of early warning systems to prevent catastrophic consequences, climate change risk modelling and risk communication. The convergent approach with the aspects of natural, engineering, and social sciences attracts a vast audience working to advance disaster science. This book also significantly facilitates the acquisition of policy-relevant knowledge for risk reduction, which is beneficial to the general public.
Author(s): Sandeep, Parveen Kumar, Himanshu Mittal, Roshan Kumar
Series: ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS RESEARCH
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 325
Foreword
Preface
About This Book
Contents
About the Editors
1 Signature of Active Tectonics and Its Implications Towards Seismic Hazard in Western Part of Stable Peninsular India
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Geological Setting and Study Area
1.3 Seismotectonics of the Study Area
1.4 Methodology
1.4.1 Evaluation of RIAT
1.4.2 Soft Sediments Deformation (SSD) Structures
1.4.3 Seismic Hazard Assessment Due to Active Fault Segment
1.5 Result and Discussions
1.5.1 Faults and Lineament Mapping
1.5.2 Relative Index of Tectonic Activities
1.5.3 Deformation Mechanism
1.6 Conclusion
References
2 Stress Dissipation in the North-West Himalaya: What We Learnt from Post-seismic Stress Changes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Stress Drop Estimation: Concept and Methodology
2.3 Seismicity and Stress Changes in the NW Himalaya
2.3.1 Spatial Distribution of Seismicity
2.3.2 Ladakh Karakoram Zone
2.3.3 The Kangra Earthquake Zone
2.3.4 The Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya
2.3.5 The Complex Stress Picture of the NW Himalaya
2.4 Summary and Outlook
References
3 The Crust and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Bangladesh and Its Effects on Seismic Hazard
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Geological Background
3.3 Seismological Approach for Mapping the Internal Structure Beneath Bangladesh
3.3.1 Data
3.3.2 Surface Wave Dispersion
3.3.3 Receiver Function Analysis
3.3.4 Joint Inversion of Surface Wave Dispersion and Receiver Function
3.4 Seismic Hazard Scenario and the Velocity Structure Beneath Bangladesh
References
4 Seismological Data Quality Controls—A Synthesis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Availability
4.2.1 Waveforms’ Availability and Data Integrity Issues
4.2.2 Gaps/Overlaps
4.3 Quality of the Time-Series
4.3.1 Power Spectral Density
4.3.2 Orientation
4.3.3 Timing Errors
4.3.4 Data—Other Errors
4.4 Metadata Quality
4.4.1 Metadata—Formal Properties
4.4.2 Metadata—Geographical Errors
4.4.3 Metadata—Instrumentation Errors
4.4.4 Metadata—Other Errors
4.5 Discussions
4.5.1 Review of Existing Software
4.5.2 Detecting Errors in Processed Data
4.5.3 Implications for Seismic Hazard
4.6 Conclusion
4.7 Data Availability
4.8 Code Availability
References
5 Use of Geophysical Techniques in Seismic Hazard Assessment and Microzonation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Geophysical Techniques in Seismic Hazard Assessment
5.2.1 Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves
5.2.2 Microtremor
5.2.3 Magnetotelluric Method
5.2.4 Time Domain Electromagnetic Method
5.2.5 Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)
5.2.6 Borehole Logging
5.3 Discussions
References
6 Earthquake Response and Its Implications Towards the Structural Design Codes for Himalayan Range and Adjoining Regions of India
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Importance of Response Spectrum
6.3 Contribution of Response Spectrum in Construction Design Practices
6.4 Seismic Activity and Ground Motion Analysis
6.5 Assessment of Comparative Outcomes
6.6 Conclusions
References
7 Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI): A Parameter to Assess Liquefaction Hazard
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Criteria of Ground Mobility
7.3 Stratigraphy and Seismicity of the Location
7.4 Evaluation of LPI and LSN
7.4.1 Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI)
7.4.2 Liquefaction Severity Number (LSN)
7.5 Case Studies and Results
7.6 Discussions on Reclaimed Ground
7.7 Conclusion
7.8 Further Reading
References
8 Radon Time Series Data for Earthquake Precursory Studies in Taiwan: An Overview
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Continuous Monitoring Station Setup
8.3 Real-Time Monitoring
8.4 Tectonic-Based Model for Taiwan
8.5 Precursory Study for Meinong Earthquake
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 Spatial Prediction of Earthquake-Induced Landslide Susceptible Zones—A Case Study from Indian Himalaya
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Study Area
9.3 Methodology
9.4 Results and Discussion
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Tsunamis in the Past and Recent Years over Indian Coasts: A Review
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Historical Records of Tsunami on Indian Coasts
10.3 Tsunamis in the Western Coast of India: Makran Subduction Zone and Tsunami
10.4 Tsunamis on the Eastern Coast of India: Andaman-Sumatra Subduction Zone and Tsunami
10.5 Tsunami Hazard and Bathymetry
10.5.1 Gujrat Coast
10.5.2 The Role of Coastal Vegetation
10.6 Discussions
10.7 Conclusions
References
11 Instrumentation of India’s First Regional Earthquake Early Warning System and Site Characterization of Its Stations
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Seismic Gaps in the Study Region
11.3 Geological and Tectonic Settings of the Selected Region
11.4 Instrumentation of Seismic Array
11.5 Server Setup
11.6 Warning Dissemination
11.7 Achievements
11.8 Strong Ground Motion Data
11.9 Site Characterization
11.10 Result and Discussion
Appendix
References
12 Overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Seismology
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Approaches in Seismology
12.3 Traditional Methods Used in Seismology
12.4 Machine Learning Architecture: Features and Techniques
12.5 Future Trends
12.6 Prediction Systems
12.7 Conclusion
References
