Geochemical Techniques for Identifying Sources of Ground-Water Salinization offers a comprehensive look at the threat to the United States' freshwater resources due to salinization and outlines techniques that can be used to study the problem. The book reviews the seven major salt-water sources that commonly mix and deteriorate our fresh ground water (natural saline ground water, halite solution, sea-water intrusion, oil- and gas-field brines, agriculture effluents, saline seep, and road salting). Other topics covered are the characteristics of saltwater sources, geochemical parameters, and basic graphical and statistical methods that are frequently used in saltwater studies. The book also provides geographical charts showing the distribution of the major salt-water sources, illustrating which ones are potential sources in any given area in the United States.Geochemical Techniques for Identifying Sources of Ground-Water Salinization describes the individual geochemical parameters used in identifying salinization and the information on how and where to obtain them. This is an informative book for anyone interested in the present and future quality of our fresh-water supply.
Author(s): Bernd C. Richter, Charles W. Kreitler
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 1993
Language: English
Pages: 272
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Title
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Executive Summary
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1. Purpose and Use of this Report
1.2. Background
2. Geographic Distribution of Major Salinization Sources
3. Major Salinization Sources
3.1. Natural Saline Ground Water
3.1.1. Mechanism
3.1.2. Hydrochemistry of Different Sources of Naturally Occurring Salinity
3.1.3. Examples of Geochemical Studies of Natural Saline Ground Water
3.1.4. Significant Parameters
3.1.5. State-by-State Summary
3.2. Halite Solution
3.2.1. Mechanism
3.2.2. Composition of Halite and other Evaporites
3.2.3. Examples of Geochemical Studies of Halite Solution
3.2.4. Significant Parameters
3.2.5. State-by-State Summary of Halite Occurrences
3.3. Sea-Water Intrusion
3.3.1. Mechanism
3.3.2. Chemistry of Sea Water
3.3.3. Examples of Geochemical Studies of Sea-Water Intrusion
3.3.4. Reaction Characteristics of Sea-Water Intrusion
3.3.5. State-by-State Summary of Sea-Water Intrusion
3.4. Oil-Field Brine
3.4.1. Mechanism
3.4.1a. Surface disposal
3.4.1b. Injection wells
3.4.1c. Plugged and abandoned boreholes
3.4.2 Oil-Field Brine Chemistry
3.4.3. Examples of Geochemical Studies of Oil- and Gas-Field Brine Pollution
3.4.4. Significant Parameters
3.4.5. State-by-State Summary of Oil- and Gas-Field Contamination
3.5. Agricultural Sources
3.5.1. Mechanism
3.5.2. Water Chemistry
3.5.3. Examples of Geochemical Studies of Agricultural Salinization
3.5.4. Significant Parameters
3.5.5. State-by-State Summary of Agriculturally-Induced Ground-Water Problems
3.6. Saline Seep
3.6.1. Mechanism
3.6.2. Water Chemistry
3.6.3. Examples of Geochemical Studies of Saline Seep
3.6.4. Significant Parameters
3.6.5. State-by-State Summary of Saline Seep Occurrences
3.7. Road Salt
3.7.1. Mechanism
3.7.2. Road-Salt Chemistry
3.7.3. Examples of Geochemical Studies of Road Salting
3.7.4. Significant Chemical Parameters
3.7.5. State-by-State Summary of Road-Salt Issues
4. Geochemical Parameters
4.1. Discussion of Individual Parameters
4.2. Summary of Field Techniques
5. Data Availability and Selection
5.1. Sources of Data
5.2. Selection of Data Criteria
6. Graphical and Statistical Techniques
6.1. Graphical Techniques
6.2. Statistical Techniques
7. References
