This book covers the full spectrum of benign and malignant conditions of the genitourinary tract with emphasis on common entities encountered in daily practice. The volume is heavily illustrated and contains useful algorithms that guide the reader through the differential diagnosis and cyto-histologic correlation of common and uncommon entities with appropriate clinical correlations. This book will serve as a valuable quick reference for pathologists, cytopathologists, cytotechnologists, fellows and residents in the field.
Genitourinary system cytopathology specimens and small biopsies are common specimens, with a growing number of renal fine needle aspirations and core biopsy procedures being performed each year. Genitourinary System Cytology and Small Biopsy Specimens focuses on the correlation between urinary tract cytology and surgical pathology, including the evaluation of germ cell tumor metastasis to distant sites. Aspiration and exfoliative cytology samples obtained from all areas of and related to the genitourinary tract are highlighted in individualized chapters for these entities. The growing body of information in personalized medicine and molecular discoveries in the field of genitourinary pathology demands focus as well; hence an integrated approach to molecular diagnostics is presented in each chapter.
In summary, this book will provide an illustrative and algorithmic approach to every day practice of genitourinary cytopathology and small biopsy material, using appropriate cytologic-histologic correlation format and incorporating recent updates in terminology, guidelines, and ancillary studies.
Author(s): Christopher J. VandenBussche, Carla L. Ellis
Series: Essentials in Cytopathology, 29
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 256
City: Cham
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Contributors
1: Urinary Tract Exfoliative Cytology and Biopsy Specimens: Nonneoplastic Findings
Specimen Procurement
Normal Histology and Cytology
Squamous Cells
Parabasal-Type Urothelial Cells
Umbrella Cells
Renal Tubular Cells (RTCs)
Reactive Changes
von Brunn Nests, Cystitis Cystica, and Cystitis Glandularis
Metaplasia
Nephrogenic Adenoma
Polypoid Cystitis
Treatment-Related Cystitis
Microorganisms
Bacteria
Fungus
BK Polyomavirus
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Protozoa
Exfoliated Acellular Components
Crystals
Casts
Corpora Amylacea
Other Components
Spermatozoa
Seminal Vesicle Cells
Contaminants
Endometrial Cells
Suggested Reading
2: Urinary Tract Exfoliative Cytology and Biopsy Specimens: Low-Grade Urothelial Neoplasms
Overview of Low-Grade Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms
Exophytic Tumors
Urothelial Papilloma
Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential (PUNLMP)
Low Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Tumors with Inverted Growth Patterns
Inverted Urothelial Papilloma
Inverted PUNLMP and Low-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Urine Cytology
Suggested Reading
3: Urinary Tract Exfoliative Cytology and Biopsy Specimens: High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma
Introduction to High-Grade Urothelial Carcinomas
Histology of High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma/Carcinoma In Situ
Noninvasive High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ (CIS)
Invasive High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma
Cytology of High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma
Suggested Reading
4: Urinary Tract Exfoliative Cytology and Biopsy Specimens: Other Urothelial Tract Neoplasms
Introduction
Common Variants/Divergent Differentiation in High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma
Micropapillary
Plasmacytoid
Nested
Sarcomatoid
Squamous Differentiation
Glandular Differentiation
Small Cell Differentiation
Non-urothelial Primary Carcinomas of the Bladder
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Primary Adenocarcinomas
Other Rare Non-urothelial Tumors and Secondary Malignancies
Suggested Reading
5: Renal Fine Needle Aspiration and Core Biopsy Specimens: Renal Cell Carcinomas
Introduction
Biopsy Technique and Imaging
Accuracy
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Cytomorphology
Histomorphology
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Cytomorphology
Histomorphology
Chromophobe RCC
Cytomorphology
Histomorphology
Clear Cell Tubulopapillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCPRCC)
Cytomorphology
Histomorphology
Collecting Duct Carcinoma
Cytomorphology
Histomorphology
Renal Medullary Carcinoma
Cytomorphology
Histomorphology
Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma
Cytomorphology
Histomorphology
Translocation-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma
Cytomorphology
Histomorphology
Suggested Reading
6: Renal Fine Needle Aspiration and Core Biopsy Specimens: Urothelial Carcinoma and Other Nonrenal Malignancies
Introduction
Urothelial Carcinoma
Benign Urothelial Tissue
Low-Grade Urothelial Neoplasia/Low-Grade Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms
High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Lymphoma
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Wilms Tumor
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Metastasis
Cytomorphology
Sarcomas
Suggested Reading
7: Renal Fine Needle Aspiration and Core Biopsy Specimens: Benign Entities and Nonneoplastic Findings
Introduction
Accuracy
Normal Renal Histology
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Diagnostic Pitfalls
Nonneoplastic Conditions
Benign Cysts
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Renal Abscess/Acute Pyelonephritis
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis (XGP)
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Renal Infarction
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Benign Renal Neoplasms
Angiomyolipoma (AML)
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Oncocytoma
Histomorphology
Cytomorphology
Papillary Adenoma
Histomorphology
Metanephric Adenoma
Histology
Cytomorphology
Suggested Reading
8: Adrenal Gland
Introduction
Imaging Techniques
Accuracy
Normal Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Cortex
Infections/Inflammatory Conditions
Benign Adrenal Cortical Nodules/Adenomas
Benign Cysts
Myelolipoma
Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Adrenal Medulla
Pheochromocytoma
Neuroblastoma
Metastatic Neoplasms
Suggested Reading
9: Fine Needle Aspiration and Core Biopsy Specimens: Germ Cell Neoplasms
Introduction
Germ Cell Neoplasms
Seminoma
Spermatocytic Tumor
Embryonal Carcinoma
Yolk Sac Tumor
Choriocarcinoma
Teratoma/Malignant Teratoma
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors
Granulosa Cell Tumor
Leydig Cell Tumor
Sertoli Cell Tumor
Lymphoma
Lipoma/Liposarcoma
Adenomatoid Tumor
Mesothelioma
Suggested Reading
10: Miscellaneous Lesions of the Genitourinary System
Introduction
Testes and Paratesticular Tissue
Hydrocele
Spermatocele
Hematocele
Orchitis/Epididymitis
Infertility
Penile Lesions
Prostate
Non-prostatic Infections and Inflammatory Conditions
Suggested Reading
Index
