This authored book gives insight into the morphology, physiology, genetics, plant protection and biotechnology of three important arid legumes, viz., moth bean, cowpea and horse gram. There are seven chapters for each crop that provide in-depth information on cultivation, genetic improvement, plant protection measures, management of physiological and abiotic stresses along with related genetic markers and biotechnological advances pertaining to these legumes. The chapters present research findings and brief reviews concerning the advances made in the improvement of these legumes.Legumes are utilized as pulses or grains aiding as an important source of protein for both human and animal consumption and also provide raw materials to the food and feed industries. They are also valuable for soil building, improving soil quality and biological nitrogen fixation. Physiology and genetics provide an inimitable source of information on the distinct aspects of basic and applied legume research for general readers, students, academicians and researchers. Arid legumes are crops characterized by inherent features and capabilities to withstand adverse and harsh climatic conditions, significantly replenish the soil, as well as provide protein and micronutrients. Adaptability to several stresses including drought makes them key to agriculture in areas receiving scanty rainfall. This comprehensive book disseminates significant information on the genetic diversity, cultivation, manipulation through mutagenic techniques, molecular biology and other breeding techniques. The book, therefore, is of importance to teachers, researchers and policymakers who are interested to acquire knowledge about moth bean, cowpea and horse gram. It also serves as an additional reading material for MSc and PhD students of agriculture and environmental sciences. The book is also useful to national and international agricultural scientists and policymakers.
Author(s): Rakesh Pathak
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 402
City: Singapore
Preface
About the Book
Contents
About the Author
Part I: Cowpea
1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Floral Characteristics
1.3 Taxonomic Classification
1.4 Botany
1.5 Origin
1.6 Cytogenetics
1.7 Molecular Biology
1.8 Uses
1.9 Prospects
1.10 Constraints
References
2: Genetic Improvement and Variability
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Morphometric Characterization
2.3 Genetic Divergence
2.4 Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis
2.5 Hybridization
2.6 Inheritance Studies
2.7 Combining Ability and Diallel Analysis
2.8 Heterosis
2.9 Genetic Variability
2.9.1 Genotypic and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation
2.9.2 Heritability and Genetic Advance
2.10 Genotype-Environmental Interaction
2.11 Mutation
2.12 Nitrogen-Fixing Ability
References
3: Quality and Nutrition
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nutrient Value
3.3 Anti-nutritional Factors
3.4 Cooking Time
3.5 Medicinal Values
3.6 Nutraceutical Properties of Cowpea
3.7 Uses
References
4: Cultivation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Climate
4.3 Soil
4.4 Field Preparation
4.5 Sowing Time
4.6 Seed Rate
4.7 Method of Sowing
4.8 Germination
4.9 Irrigation
4.10 Fertilizer
4.11 Weed Management
4.12 Cowpea Under Intercropping System
4.13 Cowpea Under Crop Rotation System
4.14 Seed Treatment and Inoculation with Bacterial Culture
4.15 Harvesting and Threshing
4.16 Photoperiodism
4.17 Cowpea Varieties Developed in India
4.18 Cowpea Production in India
References
5: Plant Protection
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Fungal Disease
5.2.1 Cowpea Rust
5.2.2 Anthracnose
5.2.3 Blight
5.2.4 Wilt
5.2.5 Leaf Spot
5.2.6 Powdery Mildew
5.2.7 Root Rot
5.2.8 Basal Stem Rot
5.2.9 Seedling Mortality
5.3 Bacterial Diseases
5.3.1 Blight
5.3.2 Bacterial Spot
5.4 Viral Diseases
5.4.1 Cowpea Mosaic
5.4.2 Cowpea Yellow Mosaic
5.5 Insect Pests of Cowpea and Their Management
5.5.1 Pod Borer
5.5.2 Leaf Hopper and Foliage Beetles
5.5.3 Thrips
5.5.4 Weevil
5.5.5 Aphids
5.5.6 Pod-Sucking Bugs
5.5.7 Blister Beetle
5.5.8 Bean Fly
5.5.9 White Fly
5.5.10 Jassids
5.5.11 Cut Worm
5.5.12 White Grub
5.6 Striga Gesnerioides
5.7 Nematodes
5.8 Storage Grain Pest
5.9 Disease and Pest Linked Resistance Markers
5.10 Termites
5.11 Integrated Pest Management
References
6: Physiology and Abiotic Stresses
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Seed Coat Colour
6.3 Germination and Seedling Growth
6.4 Storage
6.5 Water Stress and Drought Tolerance
6.6 Salt Tolerance
6.7 Other Abiotic Stress
References
7: Genetic Markers and Biotechnology
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biochemical Markers
7.3 Molecular Markers
7.4 PCR-Based Markers
7.4.1 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
7.4.2 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)
7.4.3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
7.4.4 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)
7.4.5 DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF)
7.4.6 Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP)
7.5 Genetic Linkage Studies and Inheritance
7.6 Genetic Map Studies
7.7 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
7.8 Transcriptomic Studies
7.9 Callus Induction and Regeneration Protocol
References
Part II: Horsegram
8: Introduction
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Origin and Distribution
8.3 Descriptive Botany and Taxonomy
8.4 Taxonomic Classification
8.5 Botany
8.6 Constraints
8.7 Prospects
References
9: Genetic Improvement and Variability
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Morphometric Characterization
9.3 Genetic Divergence
9.4 Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis
9.5 Hybridization
9.6 Inheritance Studies
9.7 Diallel Analysis
9.8 Heterosis
9.9 Genetic Variability
9.9.1 Genotypic and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation
9.9.2 Heritability and Genetic Advances
9.10 Genotype-Environmental Interaction
9.11 Mutation
9.12 Nitrogen Fixing Ability
References
10: Quality and Nutrition
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nutrient Value
10.3 Anti-nutritional Factors
10.4 Medicinal Values
10.5 Nutraceutical Properties of Horsegram
10.6 Chemical Compound
10.7 Uses
References
11: Cultivation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Soil and Climate
11.3 Horsegram Under Intercropping System
11.4 Horsegram Under Crop Rotation System
11.5 Sowing Method
11.6 Seed Rate
11.7 Spacing
11.8 Sowing Time
11.9 Fertilizer Management
11.10 Seed Treatment and Inoculation with Bacterial Culture
11.11 Irrigation Management
11.12 Weed Management
11.13 Harvesting and Threshing
11.14 Photoperiodism
11.15 Horsegram Production in India
11.16 Horsegram Varieties Developed in India
References
12: Plant Protection
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Proteases and Bowman-Birk Inhibitors
12.3 Fungal Disease
12.3.1 Anthracnose
12.3.2 Powdery Mildew
12.3.3 Dry Root Rot
12.3.4 Leaf Spot
12.3.5 Rust
12.3.6 Blight
12.3.7 Wilt
12.4 Viral Diseases
12.4.1 Yellow Mosaic Virus
12.5 Bacterial Disease
12.5.1 Bacterial Leaf Spot
12.6 Nematode
12.7 Insect Pests of Horsegram
12.7.1 Pod Caterpillar
12.7.2 Leaf Miner
12.7.3 Leaf Hopper
12.7.4 Pod Bug
12.7.5 Pod Fly
12.7.6 Thrips
12.7.7 White Fly
12.7.8 Pod Borer
12.7.9 Leaf Roller
12.7.10 Hairy Caterpillar
12.8 Integrated Disease Management
References
13: Physiology and Abiotic Stresses
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Seed Coat Colour
13.3 Germination and Seedling Growth
13.4 Storage
13.5 Water Stress and Drought Tolerance
13.6 Salt Tolerance
13.7 Heavy Metal
References
14: Genetic Markers and Biotechnology
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Biochemical Markers
14.3 Molecular Markers
14.4 PCR-Based Markers
14.4.1 RAPD and ISSR
14.4.2 SSR, EST and ILP
14.5 Transcriptomic Studies
14.6 Callus Induction and Regeneration Protocol
References
Part III: Moth Bean
15: Introduction
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Origin
15.3 Taxonomic Classification
15.4 Botany
15.5 Floral Characteristics
15.6 Cytogenetics
15.7 Molecular Biology
15.8 Uses
15.9 Prospects
15.10 Constraints
References
16: Genetic Improvement and Variability
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Genetic Divergence
16.3 Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis
16.4 Hybridization
16.5 Genetic Variability
16.5.1 Genotypic and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation
16.5.2 Heritability and Genetic Advance
16.6 Genotype-Environmental Interaction
16.7 Mutation
16.8 Nitrogen Fixing Ability
References
17: Quality and Nutrition
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Phytochemical Composition
17.3 Nutrient Value
17.4 Anti-nutritional Factors
17.5 Cooking Time
17.6 Nutraceutical Properties of Moth Bean
17.7 Uses
References
18: Cultivation
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Climate
18.3 Soil
18.4 Field Preparation
18.5 Sowing Time
18.6 Row Spacing
18.7 Seed Rate
18.8 Method of Sowing
18.9 Irrigation
18.10 Fertilizer
18.11 Weed Management
18.12 Moth Bean Under Intercropping System
18.13 Seed Treatment and Inoculation with Bacterial Culture
18.14 Harvesting and Threshing
18.15 Moth Bean Varieties Developed in India
18.16 Moth Bean Production in India
References
19: Plant Protection
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Fungal Disease
19.2.1 Anthracnose
19.2.2 Web Blight
19.2.3 Wilt
19.2.4 Leaf Spot and Pod Infection
19.2.5 Cercospora Species
19.2.6 Colletotrichum
19.2.7 Myrothecium
19.2.8 Alternaria
19.2.9 Curvularia
19.2.10 Powdery Mildew
19.2.11 Root Rot
19.2.12 Seedling Mortality
19.2.13 Seedling Rot
19.2.14 Pod Rot
19.2.15 Seed Microflora
19.3 Bacterial Diseases
19.3.1 Blight
19.3.2 Bacterial Leaf Spot
19.3.3 Witches´ Broom of Moth Bean
19.4 Viral Diseases
19.4.1 Yellow Mosaic Virus
19.4.2 Leaf Crinkle Virus
19.5 Insect Pests of Moth Bean and Their Management
19.5.1 Thrips
19.5.2 Weevil
19.5.3 Aphids
19.5.4 Storage Grain Pest
19.5.5 White Fly
19.5.6 Jassids
19.5.7 White Grub
19.6 Termites
19.7 Disease- and Pest-Linked Resistance Markers
19.8 Parasitic Plant
19.8.1 Cuscuta
19.8.2 Striga Species
19.9 Nematodes
19.10 Integrated Pest Management
References
20: Physiology and Abiotic Stresses
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Seed Coat Colour
20.3 Storage
20.4 Water Stress and Drought Tolerance
20.5 Salt Tolerance
20.6 Other Abiotic Stresses
References
21: Genetic Markers and Biotechnology
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Classical Markers
21.2.1 Morphological Markers
21.2.2 Biochemical Markers
21.2.3 Molecular Markers
21.2.4 PCR-Based Molecular Markers
21.3 Genetic Map Studies
21.4 Protein Profiling and Expressed Sequence Tags
21.5 Callus Induction and Regeneration Protocol
21.6 Protoplast Culture
References
