Genetics : analysis & principles

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Table of Contents
About the Author
Dedication
Preface
Acknoledgments
PART I INTRODUCTION
1 OVERVIEW OF GENETICS
1.1 The Molecular Expression of Genes
1.2 The Relationship Between Genes and Traits
1.3 Fields of Genetics
1.4 The Science of Genetics
PART II PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE
2 MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
2.1 Mendel's Study of Pea Plants
2.2 Law of Segregation
2.3 Law of Independent Assortment
2.4 Studying Inheritance Patterns in Humans
2.5 Probability and Statistics
3 CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION DURING CELL DIVISION AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
3.1 General Features of Chromosomes
3.2 Cell Division
3.3 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
3.4 Meiosis
3.5 Sexual Reproduction
3.6 The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance and Sex Chromosomes
4 EXTENSIONS OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
4.1 Overview of Simple Inheritance Patterns
4.2 Dominant and Recessive Alleles
4.3 Environmental Effects on Gene Expression
4.4 Incomplete Dominance, Overdominance, and Codominance
4.5 X-Linked Inheritance
4.6 Sex-Influenced and Sex-Limited Inheritance
4.7 Lethal Alleles
4.8 Pleiotropy
4.9 Gene Interactions
5 NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
5.1 Maternal Effect
5.2 Epigenetic Inheritance: Dosage Compensation
5.3 Epigenetic Inheritance: Genomic Imprinting
5.4 Extranuclear Inheritance
6 GENETIC LINKAGE AND MAPPING IN EUKARYOTES
6.1 Overview of Linkage
6.2 Relationship Between Linkage and Crossing Over
6.3 Genetic Mapping in Plants and Animals
6.4 Genetic Mapping in Haploid Eukaryotes
6.5 Mitotic Recombination
7 GENETIC TRANSFER AND MAPPING IN BACTERIA
7.1 Overview of Genetic Transfer in Bacteria
7.2 Bacterial Conjugation
7.3 Conjugation and Mapping via Hfr Strains
7.4 Bacterial Transduction
7.5 Bacterial Transformation
7.6 Medical Relevance of Bacterial Genetic Transfer
8 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER
8.1 Microscopic Examination of Eukaryotic Chromosomes
8.2 Changes in Chromosome Structure: An Overview
8.3 Deletions and Duplications
8.4 Inversions and Translocations
8.5 Changes in Chromosome Number: An Overview
8.6 Variation in the Number of Chromosomes Within a Set: Aneuploidy
8.7 Variation in the Number of Sets of Chromosomes
8.8 Natural and Experimental Mechanisms That Produce Variation in Chromosome Number
PART III MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL
9 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA
9.1 Identification of DNA as the Genetic Material
9.2 Overview of DNA and RNA Structure
9.3 Nucleotide Structure
9.4 Structure of a DNA Strand
9.5 Discovery of the Double Helix
9.6 Structure of the DNA Double Helix
9.7 RNA Structure
10 CHROMOSOME ORGANIZATION AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
10.1 Organization of Sites Along Bacterial Chromosomes
10.2 Structure of Bacterial Chromosomes
10.3 Organization of Sites Along Eukaryotic Chromosomes
10.4 Sizes of Eukaryotic Genomes and Repetitive Sequences
10.5 Structure of Eukaryotic Chromosomes in Nondividing Cells
10.6 Structure of Eukaryotic Chromosomes During Cell Division
11 DNA REPLICATION
11.1 Structural Overview of DNA Replication
11.2 Bacterial DNA Replication: The Formation of Two Replication Forks at the Origin of Replication
11.3 Bacterial DNA Replication: Synthesis of New DNA Strands
11.4 Bacterial DNA Replication: Chemistry and Accuracy
11.5 Eukaryotic DNA Replication
PART IV MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF GENES
12 GENE TRANSCRIPTION AND RNA MODIFICATION
12.1 Overview of Transcription
12.2 Transcription in Bacteria
12.3 Transcription in Eukaryotes
12.4 RNA Modification
12.5 A Comparison of Transcription and RNA Modification in Bacteria and Eukaryotes
13 TRANSLATION OF mRNA
13.1 The Genetic Basis for Protein Synthesis
13.2 The Relationship Between the Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
13.3 Experimental Determination of the Genetic Code
13.4 Structure and Function of tRNA
13.5 Ribosome Structure and Assembly
13.6 Stages of Translation
14 GENE REGULATION IN BACTERIA
14.1 Overview of Transcriptional Regulation
14.2 Regulation of the lac Operon
14.3 Regulation of the trp Operon
14.4 Translational and Posttranslational Regulation
14.5 Riboswitches
15 GENE REGULATION IN EUKARYOTES I: TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND TRANSLATION REGULATION
15.1 Regulatory Transcription Factors
15.2 Chromatin Remodeling, Histone Variants, and Histone Modification
15.3 DNA Methylation
15.4 Insulators
15.5 The ENCODE Project
15.6 Regulation of Translation
16 GENE REGULATION IN EUKARYOTES II: EPIGENETICS
16.1 Overview of Epigenetics
16.2 Epigenetics and Development
16.3 Paramutation
16.4 Epigenetics and Environmental Agents
16.5 Role of Epigenetics in Cancer
17 NON-CODING RNAs
17.1 Overview of Non-coding RNAs
17.2 Non-coding RNAs: Effects on Chromatin Structure and Transcription
17.3 Non-coding RNAs: Effects on Translation, mRNA Degradation, and RNA Modifications
17.4 Non-coding RNAs and Protein Targeting
17.5 Non-coding RNAs and Genome Defense
17.6 Role of Non-coding RNAs in Human Disease
18 GENETICS OF VIRUSES
18.1 Virus Structure and Genetic Composition
18.2 Overview of Viral Reproductive Cycles
18.3 Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycle
18.4 HIV Reproductive Cycle
19 GENE MUTATION AND DNA REPAIR
19.1 Effects of Mutations on Gene Structure and Function
19.2 Random Nature of Mutations
19.3 Spontaneous Mutations
19.4 Induced Mutations
19.5 DNA Repair
20 RECOMBINATION, IMMUNOGENETICS, AND TRANSPOSITION
20.1 Homologous Recombination
20.2 Immunogenetics
20.3 Transposition
PART V GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES
21 MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES
21.1 Gene Cloning Using Vectors
21.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction
21.3 DNA Sequencing
21.4 Gene Mutagenesis
21.5 Blotting Methods to Detect Gene Products
21.6 Methods for Analyzing DNA- and RNA-Binding Proteins
22 BIOTECHNOLOGY
22.1 Uses of Microorganisms in Biotechnology
22.2 Genetically Modified Animals
22.3 Reproductive Cloning and Stem Cells
22.4 Genetically Modified Plants
22.5 Human Gene Therapy
23 GENOMICS I: ANALYSIS OF DNA
23.1 Overview of Chromosome Mapping
23.2 Cytogenetic Mapping via Microscopy
23.3 Linkage Mapping via Crosses
23.4 Physical Mapping via Cloning and DNA Sequencing
23.5 Genome-Sequencing Projects
23.6 Metagenomics
24 GENOMICS II: FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS, AND BIOINFORMATICS
24.1 Functional Genomics
24.2 Proteomics
24.3 Bioinformatics
PART VI GENETIC ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUALS AND POPULATIONS
25 MEDICAL GENETICS AND CANCER
25.1 Inheritance Patterns of Genetic Diseases
25.2 Detection of Disease-Causing Alleles via Haplotypes
25.3 Genetic Testing and Screening
25.4 Prions
25.5 Genetic Basis of Cancer
25.6 Personalized Medicine
26 DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS
26.1 Overview of Animal Development
26.2 Invertebrate Development
26.3 Vertebrate Development
26.4 Plant Development
26.5 Sex Determination in Animals
27 POPULATION GENETICS
27.1 Genes in Populations and the Hardy-Weinberg Equation
27.2 Overview of Microevolution
27.3 Natural Selection
27.4 Genetic Drift
27.5 Migration
27.6 Nonrandom Mating
27.7 Sources of New Genetic Variation
28 COMPLEX AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS
28.1 Overview of Complex and Quantitative Traits
28.2 Statistical Methods for Evaluating Quantitative Traits
28.3 Polygenic Inheritance
28.4 Identification of Genes that Control Quantitative Traits
28.5 Heritability
28.6 Selective Breeding
29 EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS
29.1 Origin of Species
29.2 Phylogenetic Trees
29.3 Molecular Evolution
Appendix A: Experimental Techniques can be found on the website for this textbook: www.mhhe.com/brookergenetics6e
Appendix B Solutions to Even-Numbered Problems and All Comprehension and Concept Check Questions
Glossary
Index