A transgenic organism is a plant, animal, bacterium, or other living organism that has had a foreign gene added to it by means of genetic engineering. Transgenic plants can arise by natural movement of genes between species, by cross-pollination based hybridization between different plant species (which is a common event in flowering plant evolution), or by laboratory manipulations by artificial insertion of genes from another species. Methods used in traditional breeding that generate transgenic plants by non-recombinant methods are widely familiar to professional plant scientists, and serve important roles in securing a sustainable future for agriculture by protecting crops from pest and helping land and water to be used more efficiently.There is worldwide interest in the biosafety issues related to transgenic crops because of issues such as increased pesticide use, increased crop and weed resistance to pesticides, gene flow to related plant species, negative effects on nontarget organisms, and reduced crop and ecosystem diversity. This book is intended to provide the basic information for a wide range of people involved in the release of transgenic crops. These will include scientists and researchers in the initial stage of developing transgenic products, industrialists, and decision makers. It will be of particular interest to plant scientists taking up biotechnological approaches to agricultural improvement for developing nations. * Discusses traditional and future technology for genetic modification * Compares conventional non-GM approaches and genetic modification * Presents a risk assessment methodology for GM techniques* Details mitigation techniques for human and environmental effects
Author(s): Roger Hull, G. T. Tzotzos, Graham Head
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 256
0123741068......Page 1
Genetically Modified Plants: Assessing Safety and Managing Risk......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Abbreviations......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
ABSTRACT......Page 12
I. AGRICULTURE......Page 13
II. DEALING WITH CONSTRAINTS......Page 17
III. GENETIC MANIPULATION (GM) TECHNOLOGY......Page 24
IV. CURRENT AND FUTURE GM CROPS......Page 33
VI. BIOSAFETY ISSUES......Page 40
Further Reading......Page 43
ABSTRACT......Page 44
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 45
II. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY......Page 47
III. DEALING WITH UNCERTAINTY: PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT......Page 57
References......Page 73
ABSTRACT......Page 75
II. THE BASELINE FOR COMPARISON......Page 76
III. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION......Page 79
IV. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT......Page 92
V. ASSESSMENT OF STACKED TRAITS......Page 93
VI. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS AND MONITORING......Page 94
VII. CONTROVERSIES......Page 95
Further Reading......Page 98
ABSTRACT......Page 99
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 100
II. THE BASELINE FOR COMPARISON......Page 102
III. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION......Page 104
IV. EXPOSURE......Page 118
V. RISK MANAGEMENT OPTIONS......Page 121
VI. MONITORING......Page 123
References......Page 124
Further Reading......Page 125
ABSTRACT......Page 126
II. PERCEPTION OF RISK......Page 127
III. INFORMATION AND PUBLIC TRUST......Page 137
IV. COMMUNICATING INFORMATION......Page 143
V. LABELLING AND TRACEABILITY......Page 147
VII. CONCLUSIONS......Page 154
References......Page 156
Further Reading......Page 157
ABSTRACT......Page 158
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 159
II. IMPLEMENTATION OF NBFS......Page 168
III. BEYOND NATIONAL REGULATIONS: INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATION......Page 174
Further Reading......Page 183
Appendix A – Commonly Used Terms......Page 184
Appendix B – Information Required on an Application for Environmental Release of a GMO......Page 192
Appendix C – Information Required for Risk Assessment......Page 206
Appendix D – Case Studies......Page 210
C......Page 250
F......Page 251
L......Page 252
P......Page 253
T......Page 254
W......Page 255
Colour Plates......Page 256
