Potato is the most significant non-cereal crop. Much attention has been paid to this commercially important crop. The aim of this volume is to capture the recent advances made in improving potatoes using traditional breeding methods as well as genetic engineering technology. The book provides a critical appraisal of the state-of-the-art finding on this crop.
Author(s): M K Razdan, A.K. Mattoo
Publisher: Science Publishers
Year: 2005
Language: English
Pages: 479
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SOLANACEOUS CROPS—Volume I: Potato......Page 4
Copyright
......Page 5
Foreword......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
List of Contributors......Page 12
Abbreviations Used Throughout the Book......Page 14
Contents......Page 20
Origins of Potato Germplasm......Page 28
Value and Ownership of Potato Germplasm......Page 30
Germplasm Ownership......Page 31
Plant Rights......Page 33
Problems with Diseases, Pests, Stresses and Quality......Page 34
Cultivated Species......Page 35
Collection for Genetic Diversity......Page 36
Cultivated Species......Page 37
Monocultures......Page 38
Loss of Diversity within Populations......Page 39
Changes Occurring in the Genebank......Page 41
Environmental Effects on Phenotype......Page 42
Collections and Their Data......Page 43
Identification
Plants Pertinent to the Potato Crop......Page 44
Classification to Guide Collecting, Breeding and Evaluating "Core Subsets"
......Page 45
Botanical Seeds......Page 46
Preservation Research......Page 47
Effects of Seed Increase on the Genetic Integrity of Potato Collections......Page 48
Comparison of Original Populations and their First Seed Multiplication......Page 49
Value of Germplasm with Unreliable or Missing Origin Data—The Problem of "Mystery" Samples......Page 50
Unintentional Seedling Selection......Page 51
Studies on the Relationship of Genetic Diversity to Natural Habitats......Page 52
Evaluation Research......Page 54
Other Forms of Germplasm Distribution......Page 55
Distribution of Information......Page 56
REFERENCES......Page 57
B. Information about Named S. tuberosum Cultivars......Page 63
C. General Germplasm Conservation Information......Page 64
INTRODUCTION......Page 66
TPS TECHNOLOGIES
......Page 67
METHODS AND EXPECTATIONS......Page 69
SAMPLING AND DATA COLLECTION......Page 73
RESULTS
......Page 74
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS......Page 82
EMPIRICAL RULES OF THUMB......Page 83
DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS......Page 84
CONCLUDING COMMENTS......Page 88
REFERENCES......Page 89
INTRODUCTION......Page 92
TRADITIONAL BREEDING OF CULTIVARS VS. GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT
......Page 94
OBJECTIVES OF TRADITIONAL BREEDING PROGRAMS
......Page 95
Biotic Constraints......Page 97
Typical Traditional Breeding Programs......Page 98
Parental Breeding......Page 99
Multitrait Selection......Page 101
SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
......Page 103
SUMMARY......Page 104
REFERENCES......Page 105
Tetrasomic Inheritance......Page 110
Double Reduction......Page 111
Inbreeding Depression and Heterosis......Page 112
General and Specific Combining Ability in Tetraploid Potatoes......Page 113
Complexity of Quantitative Traits in Tetrasomic Tetraploid Potato......Page 114
Occurrence of 2n Gametes......Page 115
Genetic Consequences......Page 116
Somatic Chromosome Doubling Vs. 2n Gametes......Page 117
FDR Vs. SDR in 4x-2x Crosses for Agronomic Traits......Page 118
FDR-NCO (Non-Crossover) Vs. FDR-CO (Crossover) in Transmission of Agronomic Traits......Page 119
Transmission of Combined Traits Related to Pest Resistance with 4x-2x......Page 120
CONCLUSION......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 122
5. Improvement at the Diploid Species Level......Page 128
REFERENCES......Page 138
INTRODUCTION: POTATO GENETIC MAPS AND MOLECULARGENETICS......Page 142
Potato Genetic Maps......Page 143
Molecular Markers......Page 144
Molecular Markers with QTLs: Agronomic Traits and Disease Resistances......Page 148
MODALITIES FOR CHOICE OF MARKERS......Page 150
Fingerprinting Genotypes......Page 151
Monitoring lntrogression......Page 152
GENETIC DIVERSITY, TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY......Page 153
Markers for Linkage Analysis, Marker-Assisted Diagnosis, and Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS)......Page 155
Resistance to Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN)......Page 156
MARKERS FOR BREEDING AGRONOMIC 'TRAITS......Page 157
Acknowledgments......Page 159
REFERENCES......Page 160
Elucidation of Potato Genome......Page 168
INTRODUCTION
......Page 170
Paternal Haploids......Page 171
Asexual Polyploidization- Chromosome Doubling......Page 172
Theoretical Models on Estimation of Genetic Parameters in Tetrasomic Inheritance......Page 173
Estimation of Genetic Parameters by Second-Degree Statistics......Page 175
EXAMINATION OF GENE ACTION ON PROGENIES DERIVED FROM ASEXUAL POLYPLOlDlZATlON......Page 176
Gene Mapping Based on Monoploids Extracted from a Diploid Hybrid Parent......Page 179
Model 2: A-a and 6-6 are linked in coupling phase......Page 183
Model 3: A-a and B-b are linked in repulsion phase......Page 184
Marker Data from a Series of 4x-2x Crosses......Page 186
REFERENCES......Page 187
INTRODUCTION......Page 192
POTATO MOLECULAR GENETICS: BACKGROUND AND AVAILABLE RESOURCES......Page 193
MAP-BASED CLONING: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 195
MAP-BASED CLONING IN PRACTICE......Page 199
CANDIDATE GENE APPROACH......Page 202
ADDITIONAL METHODS OF ISOLATING GENES......Page 205
REFERENCES......Page 207
Candidate Gene Approach......Page 211
CALLUS CULTURES......Page 212
SUSPENSION CULTURES......Page 214
PLANT REGENERATION......Page 215
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS......Page 216
CRYOPRESERVATION......Page 218
ANTHER/MICROSPORE CULTURE......Page 220
PROTOPLAST CULTURE......Page 223
SOMACLONAL VARIATION......Page 224
SOMATIC HYBRIDS......Page 225
REFERENCES......Page 229
INTRODUCTION......Page 236
RESPIRATION......Page 237
ENZYMATIC PATTERNS DURING SWEETENING......Page 238
Starch Phosphorylase......Page 239
Phosphoglucomutase (PGM)......Page 240
UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase (UGPase)......Page 241
Hexose Phosphates Transported across Amyloplast Membranes......Page 242
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS)......Page 243
lnvertase......Page 244
Respiration......Page 246
Sugars......Page 247
Sucrose Synthase......Page 248
ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE (AGPase)......Page 249
EFFECTS OF NUCLEOTIDE LEVELS......Page 250
EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA......Page 251
SUMMARY......Page 253
REFERENCES......Page 254
IMPACT OF INSECT PESTS ON POTATO......Page 262
PRODUC'TION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS......Page 266
Bacillus Thuringiensis......Page 269
Development and Testing of Bt Potatoes for Insect Resistance......Page 270
ALTERNATIVE GENES FOR INSECT CONTROL......Page 274
COMMERCIAL GROWTH OF BT POTATOES......Page 276
RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT......Page 279
Bt Resistance Management......Page 280
Natural Host Plant Resistance......Page 281
CONCLUSIONS......Page 283
REFERENCES......Page 285
INTRODUCTION: NEMATODE-MEDIATED DISEASES OF POTATO......Page 294
BIOLOGY AND AGRONOMIC FACTORS OF MELOIDOGYNE SPECIES......Page 295
PATHOGEN LIFE CYCLE AND BIOLOGY......Page 297
DISEASE SYMPTOMS......Page 298
Germplasm Surveys......Page 300
Genetics of Resistance......Page 303
Nature of Resistance......Page 305
Virus......Page 308
Vectors......Page 309
Germplasm Description......Page 311
Infection Detection Methodology......Page 312
REFERENCES......Page 313
INTRODUCTION......Page 320
POTATO VIRUSES......Page 321
RESISTANCE TO VIRUS......Page 324
Use of Natural Genes for Resistance to Virus......Page 327
Use of Germplasm in Potato Breeding......Page 329
Somatic Hybridization......Page 330
Transgenic Resistance......Page 339
Durability of Viral Resistance......Page 341
VIRUS VECTORS......Page 343
Aphids Transmitting PLRV......Page 344
Aphids Transmitting PVY......Page 345
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO APHIDS......Page 346
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDE APPLICATIONS......Page 348
REFERENCES......Page 350
IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIAL DISEASES IN POTATO PRODUCTION......Page 366
Diversity......Page 368
Etiology and Epidemiology......Page 369
Detection and Identification Methods......Page 370
Diversity......Page 371
Etiology and Epidemiology......Page 372
Detection and Identification Methods......Page 373
Diversity......Page 374
Disease Control......Page 375
Etiology and Epidemiology......Page 376
Plant-Bacteria Interaction at Biochemical and Molecular Level......Page 377
Resistance to Tuber Soft Rot and Blackleg......Page 380
Resistance to Bacterial Wilt......Page 382
Resistance to Bacterial Ring Rot......Page 383
Resistance to Common Scab......Page 384
Blackleg and Tuber Soft Sot......Page 385
Bacterial Wilt
......Page 386
Ring Rot......Page 387
Common Scab......Page 389
Screening for Resistance to Tuber Soft Rot and Blackleg......Page 390
Screening for Resistance to Ring Rot......Page 392
Screening for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt......Page 393
Screening for Resistance to Common Scab......Page 394
Introduction of Resistance by Sexual Crosses in Traditional Breeding Programs......Page 395
Utilization of 2n Gametes for Transfer of Resistance from 2x to 4x Level......Page 397
Protoplast Fusion......Page 400
Transgenesis......Page 402
PROSPECTUS FOR DEVELOPING RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL DISEASES IN POTATO......Page 405
REFERENCES......Page 406
INTRODUCTION......Page 424
RESISTANCE TO LATE BLIGHT......Page 425
Monogenic Resistance......Page 428
Polygenic Resistance......Page 430
Nonhost Resistance......Page 434
MOLECULAR MAP SYNTENY......Page 435
VERTICILLIUM WILT OR EARLY DYING DISEASE......Page 436
EARLY BLIGHT......Page 437
REFERENCES......Page 439
Author Index......Page 446
Subject Index......Page 460
