Widely used by residents, fellows, and practicing pathologists around the world, Gattuso's Differential Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology provides a user-friendly road map to the main criteria to consider in order to differentiate between a variety of potential diagnoses that all have a very similar appearance. This comprehensive guide helps you make informed decisions for even your most complex and challenging cases, presenting a comprehensive differential diagnosis list and comparisons for every entity discussed. The 4th Edition brings you fully up to date with updated diagnostic techniques, new classifications, and new content throughout-perfect for quick reference at every microscope in the sign-out room. Provides brief descriptions of both common and uncommon disorders, with an emphasis on differential diagnosis, along with excellent illustrative examples of the pathology and carefully selected references.
Streamlines the differential diagnosis process by offering a series of bullet point checklists that detail the respective features of the entities being considered.
Discusses a complete range of tumors and tumor-like conditions in all organ systems.
Contains updated information on personalized/precision medicine especially as it pertains to the immunotherapies; for example, PDL-1 targeted therapies in many cancers.
Includes new classification of neuroendocrine tumors, new classification and updates of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and a new section on the most common metastatic tumors and utilization of ancillary techniques for diagnosis and molecular studies.
Uses a reader friendly, outline format for each diagnosis that details clinical information, epidemiology, gross and microscopic findings, ancillary stains and tests, differential diagnoses, and pearls of wisdom.
Features 1,400 full-color macro- and micrographs that provide a realistic basis for comparison of what you see under the microscope.
Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices
Author(s): Vijaya B Reddy; Odile David; Daniel J Spitz; Meryl H Haber
Edition: 4
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 1099
Tags: pathology, medicine
01
Gattuso’s Differential Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology
02
Copyright
03
Contributors
04
Dedication
05
Acknowledgments
06
Preface
Chapter 01
1 - Special Diagnostic Techniques in Surgical Pathology
LIGHT MICROSCOPY
Tissue Processing Overview
Fixation
Histologic Stains
Connective Tissue
Fats and Lipids
Carbohydrates and Mucoproteins
Pigments and Minerals
Nerves and Fibers
Hematopoietic and Nuclear Elements
Microorganisms: Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites
Selected References
Fluorescence Microscopy
Selected References
Electron Microscopy
Technical Overview
Ultrastructure of a Cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Single Membrane–Bound Structures
Filaments and Tubules
Cell Surface
Extracellular Matrix
Selected References
Immunohistochemistry
Introduction
Technical Overview
Ground Rules for Quality Application of Immunohistochemistry in Surgical Pathology
A Practical Tabular Approach to Using Immunohistochemistry for Common Diagnostic Problems
Selected References
Flow Cytometry
Introduction
Technical Overview
Selected Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis
Selected References
Molecular Pathology Methods
Introduction
Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods
Background
DNA Extraction Methods
RNA Extraction Methods
DNA and RNA Quantification, Purity, and Integrity Assay
Nucleic Acids Storage
Tissue Microdissection Methods
Background
Methods
Applications
Gel Electrophoresis Methods
Background
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Capillary Gel Electrophoresis
Blot Hybridization Methods
Southern Blotting
Northern Blotting
Dot Blotting
Amplification Methods
The Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymerase Chain Reaction Contamination Control
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method Variations
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests in Pathology Practice
Nanostring Technology
Other Nucleic Acid Amplification Methods
Transcription-Mediated Amplification
Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification
Displacement Amplification
Helicase Dependent Amplification
Signal Amplification Techniques
Branch DNA
Hybrid Capture
Verigene Nanosphere
Microarray Technology
Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Next-Generation Sequencing
In Situ Hybridization
Protein Analytic Methods
Emerging Developments
Resources
Chapter 02
2 - Skin and Adnexal Structures
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS
Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis
Dermatitis With Minimal Epidermal Changes
Selected References
Selected References
SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP PERIVASCULAR DERMATITIS
Selected References
NODULAR AND DIFFUSE DERMATITIS
Cysts, Proliferations, And Neoplasms
CYSTS
Selected References
EPIDERMAL PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS
Selected References
FOLLICULAR NEOPLASMS
Selected References
ECCRINE AND APOCRINE NEOPLASMS
Selected References
SEBACEOUS PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS
Selected References
MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS
Selected References
VASCULAR PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS
Selected References
SMOOTH MUSCLE NEOPLASMS
Selected References
FIBROBLASTIC PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS
Selected References
NEURAL NEOPLASMS
Selected References
HEMATOPOIETIC PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS
Chapter 03
3 - Head and Neck
Thyroid Gland
Granulomatous Thyroiditis (De Quervain Thyroiditis)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (Hashimoto Thyroiditis)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Riedel Thyroiditis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Graves Disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Multinodular Goiter
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Dyshormonogenetic Goiter
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Branchial Cleft Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Teratoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Follicular Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Follicular Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (see Figure 3.12B and C)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (See Figure 3.13B and C)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Anaplastic (Undifferentiated) Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Tumors Metastasizing To The Thyroid Gland
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Parathyroid Glands
Parathyroid Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Parathyroid Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Parathyroid Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Tumors Metastasizing to the Parathyroid Glands
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology and Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Salivary Glands
Sialadenitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesion (Mikulicz Disease)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphoepithelial Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Salivary Duct Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Mucocele (Ranula)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Mixed Tumor (Pleomorphic Adenoma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Myoepithelioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 3.27)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Warthin Tumor (Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Oncocytoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Cystadenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Hemangioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Basal Cell Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Sebaceous Lymphadenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Acinic Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma (Formerly Plga)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Salivary Duct Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Carcinosarcoma
General Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Undifferentiated Neuroendocrine (Small Cell) Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Tumors Metastasizing to the Salivary Glands
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Paranasal Sinuses and Nasopharynx
Acute and Chronic Sinusitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Nasal Polyp
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Sinonasal Papilloma (Schneiderian Papilloma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Region
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Midline-Nut Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil or Oropharynx
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Olfactory Neuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Sinonasal Melanoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Tumors Metastasizing to the Paranasal Sinuses And Nasopharynx
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Oral Cavity
Leukoplakia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Papilloma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Granular Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Radicular Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Dentigerous Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (Figure 3.67)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Ameloblastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (Pindborg Tumor)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Benign Cementoblastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Chondrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Osteosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Tumors Metastasizing to the Oral Cavity
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Larynx
Laryngeal (Vocal Cord) Nodule or Polyp
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Laryngeal Papilloma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Amyloidosis of the Larynx
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Trachea
Classification of Tracheal Malignancies
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Chapter 04
4 - Lung and Pleura
Non-Neoplastic Conditions
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Bronchogenic Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Congenital Lobar Emphysema
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Obstructive Lung Diseases
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Emphysema
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Chronic Bronchitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Asthma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Bronchiectasis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Selected Reference
Restrictive And Interstitial Lung Diseases
Interstitial Pneumonias
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Organizing Pneumonia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia/Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Eosinophilic Lung Diseases
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Sarcoidosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Hemorrhagic Diseases
Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Goodpasture Syndrome (Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease with Pulmonary Involvement)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Pneumoconioses
Silicosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Asbestosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Studies and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Iatrogenic Diseases
Radiation Pneumonitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Selected References
Vascular Conditions
Selected References
Pulmonary Hypertension
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Infectious Diseases
Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Bacterial
Legionella Pneumonia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Nocardiosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Atypical Mycobacterial Pneumonia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References (Bacterial Pneumonia)
Fungal
Aspergillosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Mucormycosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Histoplasmosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Blastomycosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cryptococcosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (Pjp, or FORMERLY Pcp)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference (Fungal Pneumonia)
Lung Transplantation
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Neoplastic Conditions
Preinvasive Epithelial Lesions
Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Adenocarcinoma in Situ (Formerly Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Squamous Dysplasia And Squamous Carcinoma In Situ
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis for DIPNECH
Selected Reference
Malignant Epithelial Tumors
Overview of Classification of Lung Cancer on Small Biopsies
Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Selected Reference
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Large Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Selected References
Carcinoid Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Mesenchymal Tumors
Pulmonary Hamartoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Pleuropulmonary Blastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Extranodalmarginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma Of The Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Type
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Other Neoplastic Conditions
Malignant Mesothelioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Chapter 05
5 - Thymus and Mediastinum
THYMIC CYST
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Parathyroid Cyst
Cystic Hygroma (Lymphangioma)
Esophageal Cyst
Bronchial Cyst
Cystic Teratoma
Cystic Thymoma
Cystic Degeneration in Hodgkin Lymphoma
Selected References
Foregut Cysts Of The Mediastinum: Bronchial (Bronchogenic) Cyst, 1396983920Esophageal Cyst, Enteric Duplication Cysta
Clinical Features
Bronchial Cyst
Esophageal Cyst (Esophageal Duplication)
Enteric Duplication Cyst
Gross Pathology
Bronchial Cyst
Esophageal Cyst
Enteric Cyst
Histopathology
Bronchial Cyst
Esophageal Cyst
Enteric Cyst
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Thymic Cyst
Mesothelial Cyst
Cystic Teratoma
Foregut Cysts
Selected References
Mesothelial Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Thymic Cyst
Lymphangioma
Selected References
True Thymic Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Thymoma
Thymic Follicular Hyperplasia
Selected References
Thymic Follicular Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Follicular Lymphoma
Normal Thymus With Prominent Corticomedullary Differentiation
Selected References
Thymolipoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Involution of Thymus Gland
Thymoma
Lipoma
Selected References
Thymoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Thymic Hyperplasia Versus Lymphocyte-Rich Thymoma
Lymphoma Versus Lymphocyte-Rich Thymoma
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Burkitt Lymphoma
Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin Lymphoma
Castleman Disease
Spindle Cell Sarcoma Versus Spindle Cell Thymoma
Selected References
Thymic Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thymus
Poorly Differentiated (Lymphoepithelioma-Like) Nonkeratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Clear Cell Carcinoma
Basaloid Carcinoma
Spindle Cell (Sarcomatoid) Carcinoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Carcinoma
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Germ Cell Tumors
Lymphoma
Selected References
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Thymus
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Large Cell Lymphoma
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma
Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland
Paraganglioma
Metastatic Carcinoid or Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Selected References
Chronic Mediastinitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Hodgkin Lymphoma, Nodular Sclerosing
Large Cell Lymphoma with Sclerosis
Selected Reference
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Thymoma
Thymic Cyst
Sclerosing Large Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Selected References
Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma, B-Cell Type
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Germinoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma, Syncytial Variant
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Metastatic Carcinoma
Selected References
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Thymoma
Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Other Small Round Blue Cell Tumors of Childhood
Granulocytic Sarcoma
Neuroblastoma
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)
Small Cell Carcinoma (Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Oat Cell Carcinoma)
Selected References
Castleman Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Hyaline Vascular Type
Plasma Cell Type
Histopathology
Hyaline Vascular Type (About 80% of Cases)
Plasma Cell Type (10%–20%)
Mixed (Rare)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Follicular Lymphoma
Plasmacytoma
Selected References
Thymic Histology in Immune Deficiencies
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
DiGeorge Syndrome
B-Cell Immune Defects
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID)
Severe Acquired Immune Damage (AIDS and Graft-Versus-Host Disease [GVHD])
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Stress Involution
Selected Reference
Teratoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
OTHER Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Teratomas With Additional Malignant Components
Bronchial Cyst
Foregut Cysts
Selected References
Teratoma with Additional Malignant Components
Clinical Features
Gross Features
Histologic Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Germinoma (Mediastinal Seminoma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma With Sclerosis
Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin Lymphoma, Syncytial Variant
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Embryonal Carcinoma
Yolk Sac Tumor
Choriocarcinoma
Mixed Nonteratomatous Germ Cell Tumors
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma
Thymic Carcinoma
Metastatic Melanoma
Selected References
Neurogenic Tumors: Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Neuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroma
Histopathology
Neuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis: Neuroblastoma
Ewing Sarcoma, PNET
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Small Cell Carcinoma
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Ganglioneuroblastoma and Ganglioneuroma
Malignant melanoma
Paraganglioma
Schwannoma and malignant schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Selected References
Schwannoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Neurofibroma
Leiomyoma
Selected References
Metastatic Tumors
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Thymic Carcinoma
Germinoma
Yolk Sac Tumor
Embryonal Carcinoma
Lymphoma
Selected References
Chapter 06
6 - Gastrointestinal System
Esophagus
Congenital and Acquired Esophageal Abnormalities
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Infectious Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Injurious Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Inflammatory Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Gastroesophageal Reflux and Reflux Disease
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Barrett Esophagus
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Dysplastic Lesions Associated With Barrett Esophagus
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Adenocarcinoma Associated With Barrett Esophagus
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Benign Esophageal Lesions
Clinical Features
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Granular Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Papilloma and Carcinoma
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Variants
Clinical Features
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Rare Esophageal Neoplasms
Clinical Features
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Stomach
Congenital and Acquired Gastric Abnormalities
Clinical Features
Heterotopia
Heterotopia
Heterotopia
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Modern Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Xanthelasma
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Acute Erosive Gastritis
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Reactive Gastropathy
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Helicobacter Pylori–Associated Gastritis (Chronic Superficial Gastritis and Chronic Antral Gastritis)
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Autoimmune Gastritis
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Special Types of Gastritis
Lymphocytic Gastritis
Collagenous Gastritis
Granulomatous Gastritis
Eosinophilic Gastritis
Selected References
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Hypertrophic Gastropathy
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Non-Neoplastic Gastric Polyps
Clinical Features
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Gastric Carcinoma and Precursor Lesions
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Gastric Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract (Small and Large Intestine)
Congenital Anomalies
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Enteric Infections in Immunocompetent Hosts
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Whipple Disease
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Celiac Sprue
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Small Intestinal Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumor of the Small and Large Intestine
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Hirschsprung Disease
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Diverticular Disease
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Biopsy of Ileum and Pouches
Selected References
Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Selected References
Amebiasis
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Other Intestinal Parasitic Infestations
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphangiectasia
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Pneumatosis Intestinalis
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Melanosis Coli
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Gastrointestinal Polyps
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Molecular Classification
Clinical Features of Colorectal Cancer
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Polyposis Syndromes
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Hereditary Mixed Polyposis
Selected References
Gastrointestinal Mesenchymal Neoplasms
Clinical Features
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Intestinal Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Anal canal
Anal neoplasia
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Vermiform appendix
Developmental abnormalities
Appendicitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Appendiceal Epithelial Neoplasms
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Vermiform Appendix
Clinical Features
Gross and Endoscopic Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Secondary Malignancies in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Gastrointestinal Metastatic Disease
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Chapter 07
7 - Hepatobiliary System
VIRAL HEPATITIS
Clinical Features
Hepatitis A Virus
Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis C Virus
Hepatitis D (Delta Agent) Virus
Hepatitis E Virus
Hepatitis G Virus
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Acute Viral Hepatitis
Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Epstein-Barr Virus Hepatitis
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Primary Sclerosing Cirrhosis
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Selected References
Nonviral Infections
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Syphilis
Entamebiasis
Echinococcal (Hydatid) Cyst
Ascariasis
Malaria and Leishmaniasis
Histopathology
Bacterial
Syphilis
Entamebiasis
Echinococcal Infection
Ascariasis
Liver Flukes
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Viral Hepatitis
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Biliary Obstruction
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Selected References
Alcoholic Liver Disease and Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Selected References
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Biliary Obstruction (Especially PBC)
Wilson Disease
Indian Childhood Cirrhosis
Selected References
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Reye Syndrome
Hepatitis C Virus
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Selected References
Hemochromatosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hemosiderosis
Cirrhosis of Nonbiliary Etiology
Selected References
Wilson Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Viral Hepatitis
Chronic Obstructive Cholestasis
Selected References
α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Selected References
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Autoimmune Hepatitis–Primary Biliary Cholangitis Overlap Syndrome
Autoimmune Cholangitis
Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Liver Transplant Rejection
Selected References
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Well-Differentiated Cholangiocarcinoma
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Extrahepatic or Large Duct Intrahepatic Biliary Obstruction
Selected References
IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Cholangiocarcinoma Nisha
Selected References
Liver Transplantation Pathology
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Recurrent Hepatitis C Virus (Rarely an Issue Nowadays Due to the Effective Direct Acting Antiviral [DAA] Treatment)
Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disease
Chronic (Ductopenic) Rejection in Allograft
Recurrent Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Recurrent Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Selected References
Cirrhosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
High-Grade Dysplastic Nodules
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Subcapsular Fibrosis
Hepatoportal Sclerosis (Obliterative Portal Venopathy or Idiopathic Portal Hypertension)
Selected References
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular Adenoma
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Well-Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cirrhosis
Selected References
Hepatocellular Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Well-Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Selected References
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Macroregenerative Nodule in Cirrhosis
High-Grade Dysplasia in Cirrhosis
Cholangiocarcinoma
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Hepatocellular Adenoma
Hepatoblastoma
Metastatic Endocrine Carcinoma
Metastatic Nonendocrine Neoplasms
Selected References
Hepatoblastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Epithelial Type
Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Type
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Primitive Tumor of Infancy (Nephroblastoma and Neuroblastoma)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Childhood
Selected References
Bile Duct Hamartoma (Von Meyenburg Complex)
Clinical Features
Gross Features
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Peribiliary Gland Hamartoma (Bile Duct Adenoma)
Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Well-Differentiated Carcinoma (Metastatic or Cholangiocarcinoma)
Selected References
Peribiliary Gland Hamartoma (Bile Duct Adenoma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Bile Duct Hamartoma
Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Well-Differentiated Carcinoma (Metastatic or Cholangiocarcinoma)
Selected References
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Cystadenocarcinoma
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Developmental Cysts
Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct
Selected References
Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm
Selected References
Cholangiocarcinoma: Intrahepatic, Extrahepatic, and Hilar (Klatskin Tumor)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Selected References
Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Intermediate Cell Carcinoma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma “Collision Tumor”
Selected References
Gallbladder Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cholangiocarcinoma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Metastatic Tumors
Selected References
Hepatic Metastases
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques For Diagnosis
Selected References
Peliosis Hepatis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Sinusoidal Dilation
Hemangioma
Selected References
Hemangioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Peliosis Hepatis
Angiosarcoma
Juvenile Hemangioendothelioma
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Selected References
Infantile Hemangioendothelioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Capillary Hemangioma
So-Called Infantile Angiosarcoma
Angiosarcoma
Selected Reference
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Angiosarcoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Metastatic Carcinoma
Malignant Melanoma
Selected References
Angiosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Metastatic Carcinoma
Selected References
Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Bile Duct Adenoma
Bile Duct Hamartoma
Embryonal (Undifferentiated) Sarcoma
Selected References
Embryonal (Undifferentiated) Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pleomorphic Sarcoma (So-Called Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma)
Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Sarcomas and Other Spindle Cell Neoplasms
Anaplastic Small Cell Hepatoblastoma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation
Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Selected References
Chapter 08
8 - Pancreas
NONNEOPLASTIC ENTITIES
Chronic Pancreatitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Selected References
Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Other Forms of Chronic Pancreatitis
Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Selected References
Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Selected References
Lymphoepithelial Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Mature Cystic Teratoma (Dermoid Cyst)
Epidermoid Cyst in Heterotopic Spleen
Selected References
Neoplasms With Exocrine Differentiation
Serous Cystic Neoplasms
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Lymphangioma
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Particularly for Solid Serous Adenoma)
Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor With Clear Cell Change (Particularly for Solid Serous Adenoma)
Selected References
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Serous Cystic Neoplasm
Pseudocyst
Selected References
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm
Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN)
Selected References
Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia PanIN
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Selected References
Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma and its Variants
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chronic Pancreatitis
Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Pancreatoblastoma
Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Metastases to the Pancreas
Selected References
Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pancreatoblastoma
Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Selected References
Pancreatoblastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Selected References
Neoplasms With Neuroendocrine Differentiation
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Pancreatoblastoma
Islet Aggregation In Chronic Pancreatitis
Selected References
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Modern Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to the Pancreas
Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Lymphoma
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET) and Other Round Blue Cell Tumors of Infancy and Childhood
Selected References
Neoplasms with Uncertain Directions of Differentiation
Solid-Pseudopapillary
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Pancreatoblastoma
Selected References
Metastases to the Pancreas
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Modern Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Selected References
Chapter 09
9 - Adrenal Gland
ADRENAL CORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY (ADDISON DISEASE)
Clinical Features
Primary Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency
Secondary Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (Adrenogenital Syndrome)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques For Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia
Adrenal Cortical Adenoma
Selected References
Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Adrenal Cortical Adenoma
Selected References
Adrenal Cortical Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma
Selected References
Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastasis
Adrenal Cortical Adenoma
Pheochromocytoma
Selected References
Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Pheochromocytoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Adrenal Cortical Adenoma
Neuroblastoma
Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Selected References
Ganglioneuroma
Clinical features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Neurofibroma
Selected References
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Clinical features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Neuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroma
Selected References
Neuroblastoma
Clinical features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Malignant Lymphoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)
Selected References
Primary malignant melanoma
Clinical features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pigmented Adrenal Cortical Adenoma
Metastatic Melanoma
Pigmented Pheochromocytoma
Selected References
Myelolipoma
Clinical features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Lipoma
Adenolipoma
Selected References
Adrenal cysts and pseudocysts
Clinical features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Infections
Myelolipoma
Selected References
Metastatic Tumors
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma
Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Clear Cell)
Selected References
Chapter 10
10 - Ureter, Urinary Bladder, and Kidney
Ureter
Ureteritis Cystica Et Glandularis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Urothelial Carcinoma (Transitional Cell Carcinoma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Urinary Bladder
Infectious Cystitis
MALAKOPLAKIA
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Treatment-Related Cystitis
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Interstitial (Hunner) Cystitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Cystitis Cystica Et Glandularis
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Nephrogenic Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Villous Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Small Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor/Inflammatory Pseudotumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Metastatic Tumors and Secondary Extension
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Kidney
Renal Dysplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Infantile (Autosomal Recessive) Polycystic Kidney Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Adult (Autosomal Dominant) Polycystic Kidney Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Acquired Cystic Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Angiomyolipoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Papillary Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Metanephric Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Renal Oncocytoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Renal Cell Carcinoma, Clear Cell Type
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Selected References
Renal Cell Carcinoma, Papillary Type
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma, Including Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Renal Cell Carcinoma, Chromophobe Type
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Renal Medullary Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Mit Family Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Succinate Dehydrogenase–Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Tubulocystic Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Acquired Cystic Disease-associated Renal Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Renal Tumors in Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Renal Tumors in Tuberous Sclerosis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Renal Cell Carcinoma, Sarcomatoid Type
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Renal Cell Carcinoma, Unclassified Type
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor of the Kidney Family
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figures 10.46 and 10.47)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Renomedullary Interstitial Cell Tumor/Medullary Fibroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor/Renin-Secreting Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Nuclear Anaplasia
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Nephrogenic Rests and Nephroblastomatosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Cystic Partially Differentiated Nephroblastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clear Cell Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Rhabdoid Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Metastatic Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Infection-Mediated Disease
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Common and Uncommon Metabolic Disorders
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Kidney: Tubulointerstitial Diseases
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Kidney: Vascular Diseases
Hypertensive Vascular Disease
Clinical Features
Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Classification
Histopathology
Special Stains
Direct Immunofluorescence
Electron Microscopy
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Atheromatous Emboli
Clinical Features
Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Classification
Histopathology
Special Stains
Direct Immunofluorescence
Electron Microscopy
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Chapter 11
11 - Male Genitourinary System
Prostate Gland
Acute and Chronic Prostatitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Infarction
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Epithelial Metaplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Adenocarcinoma: Acinar (Conventional) And Distinct Subtypes (Microcystic, Pleomorphic Giant Cell, Colloid [Mucinous], Signet Rin...
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Intraductal Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques
Selected References
Adenoid Cystic/Basal Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenosquamous Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology (Figure 11.8A)
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Phyllodes Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Testis
Cryptorchidism
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Testicular Cysts
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Hydrocele
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Orchitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Malakoplakia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Torsion
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Male Infertility
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Germ Cell Neoplasia in Situ (Gcnis)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Seminoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Spermatocytic Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Embryonal Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Yolk Sac Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 11.20)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Teratoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Choriocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Leydig Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Sertoli Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Granulosa Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Gonadoblastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Paratesticular Adnexa and Spermatic Cord
Epididymitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cysts of Testicular Adnexa
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Lipoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Adenomatoid Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Papillary Cystadenoma of the Epididymis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Selected Reference
Fibrous Pseudotumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Liposarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Malignant Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Seminal Vesicle
Carcinoma of the Seminal Vesicle
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Urethra
Fibroepithelial Polyp of Urethra
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Differential Diagnosis
Caruncle
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Nephrogenic Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Prostatic Urethral Polyp
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Carcinoma of the Urethra
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Adenocarcinoma of the Periurethral Glands
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Penis
Penile Fibromatosis (Peyronie Disease)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Condyloma Acuminatum (Genital Wart)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Penile Carcinoma in Situ: Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Penile Carcinoma in Situ: Bowen Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Bowenoid Papulosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Verrucous Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Penile Sarcoma
Kaposi Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Leiomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Fibrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Epithelioid Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Scrotum
Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Paget Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Chapter 12
12 - Female Reproductive System
VULVA
Lichen Sclerosus (Chronic Atrophic Vulvitis)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Lichen Planus
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Vulvar Cysts
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Papillary Hidradenoma (Hidradenoma Papilliferum)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Herpes Virus Infection
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Molluscum Contagiosum
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Condyloma Acuminatum
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Malignant Melanoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Bartholin Gland Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Extramammary Paget Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Granular Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Angiomyofibroblastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Aggressive Angiomyxoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Leiomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Selected References
Vagina
Vaginal Polyp (Fibroepithelial Polyp, Mesodermal Stromal Polyp)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 12.13)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Papilloma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Vaginal Adenosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Rhabdomyoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Cervix
Endocervical Polyp
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Microglandular Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Adenocarcinoma in Situ
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Invasive Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Adenosquamous Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Uterus
Endometrium
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Myometrium
Selected Reference
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected Reference
Ovary
MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumors
Serous Tumors
Benign Serous Tumors
Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumors
Serous Tumors
Benign Serous Tumors
Selected Reference
Selected References
Low-Grade Serous Carcinoma (Micropapillary, Cribriform, and Psammomatous)
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Sex Cord–Stromal Tumors
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Germ Cell Tumors
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Other Tumors
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Fallopian Tube
Acute and Chronic Salpingitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Tumor-Like Lesions
Selected Reference
Selected References
Selected References
Benign Tumors
Selected Reference
Selected References
Malignant Tumors
Selected References
Selected References
Selected Reference
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Selected References
Selected Reference
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Chapter 13
13 - Breast
SUBAREOLAR ABSCESS
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Plasma Cell Mastitis
Granulomatous Lobar Mastitis
Selected References
Plasma Cell Mastitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Granulomatous Lobar Mastitis
Tuberculous Mastitis
Selected References
Granulomatous Lobar Mastitis (Granulomatous Mastitis)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Plasma Cell Mastitis
Tuberculous Mastitis
Breast Abscess
Sarcoidosis
Cat Scratch Disease
Selected References
Fat Necrosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
Granular Cell Tumor
Selected References
Diabetic Mastopathy
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Granulomatous Lobar Mastitis
Breast Abscess
Fibrocystic Change
Selected References
Juvenile or Virginal Hypertrophy
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Juvenile Fibroadenoma
Selected References
Granular Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Histiocytic Lesions, Including Fat Necrosis and Mammary Duct Ectasia
Apocrine Carcinoma
Metastatic Neoplasms, Including Oncocytic Renal Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma, and Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Selected References
Fibrocystic Changes
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Cyst Formation
Stromal Fibrosis
Apocrine Metaplasia
Sclerosing Adenosis
Epithelial Hyperplasia without Atypia (Usual Ductal Hyperplasia)
Columnar Cell Lesions
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Fibromatosis
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia or Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
Selected References
Adenosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Infiltrating Tubular Carcinoma
Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma
Selected References
Radial Sclerosing Lesion and Radial Scar
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Tubular Carcinoma
Selected References
Intraductal Papilloma (Solitary and Multiple)
Clinical Features
Solitary Papilloma
Multiple Papillomas
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Papillary Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
Encapsulated (Intracystic) Papillary Carcinoma and Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma
Selected References
Florid Papillomatosis of the Nipple
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Paget Disease
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ or Invasive Carcinoma
Selected References
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hemangioma
Low-Grade Angiosarcoma
Selected References
Adenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Tubular Adenoma
Lactating Adenoma
Apocrine Adenoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Tubular Carcinoma
Selected References
Fibroadenoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Tubular Carcinoma
Phyllodes Tumor
Tubular Adenoma
Selected References
Phyllodes Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Juvenile Fibroadenoma
Carcinosarcoma
Selected References
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (Several Well-Recognized Variants Exist)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Versus Intraductal Carcinoma
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Lobular Carcinoma in Situ
Selected References
Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia and Lobular Carcinoma in Situ
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia
Lobular Carcinoma in Situ
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Involving Lobules
Selected References
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Infiltrating Tubular Carcinoma
Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma
Radial Scar
Sclerosing Adenosis
Selected References
Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Sclerosing Adenosis
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
Malignant Lymphoma
Selected References
Triple Negative Carcinomas
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Medullary Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
Selected References
Mucinous (Colloid) Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Mucocele-Like Tumor
Mixed Mucinous Carcinoma
Metastatic Mucinous Ovarian or Pancreatic Carcinoma
Selected References
Tubular Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Sclerosing Adenosis
Microglandular Adenosis
Mixed Tumors (Tubulolobular or Ductal Carcinoma with Tubular Features)
Selected References
Papillary Carcinoma (Intraductal, Intracystic, Encapsulated, and Invasive)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Benign Papilloma Versus Intraductal Papillary Carcinoma
Invasive Papillary Carcinoma
Selected References
Metaplastic Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
Adenosquamous Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Selected References
Secretory Carcinoma (Juvenile Carcinoma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Lactating Adenoma
Secretory Changes
Selected References
Apocrine Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Sclerosing Adenosis with Apocrine Metaplasia
Selected References
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Invasive Cribriform Carcinoma
Cylindroma
Selected References
Inflammatory Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Carcinoma
Selected References
Paget Disease of the Nipple
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Malignant Melanoma
Bowen Disease (Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ)
Clear Cell Change of Keratinocytes
Selected References
Hemangioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Low-Grade Angiosarcoma
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia
Selected References
Angiosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hemangioma
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia
Selected References
Postmastectomy Angiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves Syndrome)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Postirradiation Angiosarcoma
Kaposi Sarcoma
Reactive Vascular Proliferation Associated with Chronic Lymphedema
Selected References
Gynecomastia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Intraductal Carcinoma
Selected References
Male Breast Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma
Selected References
Metastatic Tumors
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
Ovarian Carcinoma
Selected References
Chapter 14
14 - Lymph Nodes
NORMAL LYMPH NODE
Histopathology
Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia
Autoimmune Disease
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Cytomegalovirus Lymphadenitis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Toxoplasmosis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
HIV-Related Lymphadenopathy
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Kimura Disease
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
IgG4-Related Lymphadenopathy
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Reactive Paracortical Hyperplasia
Infectious Mononucleosis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Herpes Simplex Lymphadenitis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Dermatopathic Lymphadenitis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Drug-Related Lymphadenopathy
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Sinus Histiocytosis
Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Whipple Disease
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Necrotizing Lymphadenitis
Kikuchi Disease
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Granulomatous Lymphadenitis
Tuberculosis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains (other than acid-fast bacilli) and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection and Leprosy
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Cat Scratch Disease
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Sarcoidosis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Castleman Disease
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Small B-Cell Neoplasms
Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Follicular Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Diffuse Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Burkitt Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma, Nodular Sclerosis Type
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Mixed Cellularity Type
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Lymphocyte-Rich Type
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Nonlymphoid Disorders of Lymph Nodes
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Kaposi Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Myeloid Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Mast Cell Disease
Clinical Features
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Chapter 15
15 - Spleen
Non-Neoplastic Diseases Involving the Splenic White Pulp
Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia With Germinal Center Formation
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia Without Germinal Center Formation
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, Immunoblastic Variant
Selected References
Castleman Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.4)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Selected References
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Nonspecific Follicular Hyperplasia
Selected References
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Neoplastic Diseases Involving the Splenic White Pulp
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis (also see Table 15.1)
Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant
T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia
Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma
Selected References
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Follicular Lymphoma
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma (Waldenström Macroglobulinemia)
Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Selected References
Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Selected References
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Selected References
Follicular Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.9)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia
Castleman Disease
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Selected References
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Inflammatory Pseudotumor
Selected References
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.11)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Inflammatory Pseudotumor
Splenic Hamartoma
Metastatic Carcinoma or Melanoma
Selected References
Non-Neoplastic Diseases Involving the Splenic Red Pulp
Gaucher Disease and Other Storage Disorders
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Hematologic diseases
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.14)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Lymphoid Infiltrate in Red Pulp
Acute Leukemia
Selected References
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Sickle Cell Disease and Variants
Fibrocongestive Splenomegaly
Selected References
Sickle Cell Disease and Variants
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (see Figure 15.16B and C)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Splenic Infarcts
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Malaria
Selected References
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.17)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Congestive Splenomegaly
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Selected References
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.18)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Nonspecific Follicular Hyperplasia
Selected References
Neoplastic Diseases Involving the Splenic Red Pulp
Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Studies and Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
.1)
Hairy Cell Leukemia-Variant (HCL-v)
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Selected References
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma
Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Mastocytosis
Myeloid Leukemias
Selected References
Hairy Cell Leukemia-Variant
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma
Classical Hairy Cell Leukemia
Selected References
Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.22)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis (see also Table 15.3)
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Prolymphocytic Leukemia
T-Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia
Selected References
Systemic Mastocytosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia
Selected References
Chronic MYELOID Leukemia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Reactive Splenic Red Pulp Hyperplasia
Acute Leukemia
Selected References
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Disseminated Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG)
Gaucher Disease (and Other Lysosomal Storage Diseases)
Hemophagocytic Syndromes
Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare
Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Particularly Acute Monoblastic Leukemia
Histiocytic Sarcoma (Malignant Histiocytosis)
Selected References
Vascular tumors
Splenic hemangioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (see Figure 15.25B)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cord Capillary Hemangioma
Hematoma
Peliosis
Littoral Cell Angioma
Hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
Splenic Hamartoma
Lymphangioma
Selected Reference
Littoral Cell Angioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hemangioma
Splenic Hamartoma
Hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
Selected References
Splenic Angiosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hemangioma
Hemangioendothelioma
Hemangiopericytoma
Kaposi Sarcoma
Bacillary Angiomatosis
Metastatic Melanoma
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Selected References
Cysts and Pseudotumoral Lesions
Epidermoid Cyst (True Cysts)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pseudocyst
Parasitic (Echinococcal) Cyst
Pseudocyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Epithelioid Cyst
Parasitic Cyst
Parasitic (Echinococcal) Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Epithelioid Cyst (see “Epidermoid Cyst [True Cysts]”)
Pseudocyst
Selected References
Splenic Hamartoma (Splenoma)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.29B and C)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hemangioma
Littoral Cell Angioma
Inflammatory Pseudotumor
Selected References
Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of Spleen (Sant)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Littoral Cell Angioma
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Splenic Hamartoma
Selected References
Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Spleen
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.31)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Inflammatory Pseudotumor-like Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor (IPT-like FDCT)
Splenic Hamartoma
Castleman Disease
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Plasmacytoma
Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma (versus IPT-Like Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor of the Spleen)
Mycobacterial Pseudotumor
Bacillary Angiomatosis
Selected References
Inflammatory PSEUDOTUMOR-LIKE Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor (IPT-Like FDCT)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Circulatory abnormalities
Congestive splenomegaly
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Leukemic Infiltration
Lymphoma
Myelofibrosis or Other Myeloproliferative Disorders
Peliosis
Selected References
Vasculitides
Polyarteritis Nodosa, Hypersensitivity Angiitis (churg-Strauss Disease), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, an...
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Hypersensitivity Angiitis (Churg-Strauss Disease)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Thromboemboli
Postmortem Clot
Amyloidosis
Selected References
Viral and Other Nongranulomatous Infections
Infectious Mononucleosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Large Cell Lymphoma or T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia Not Related to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Selected References
Cytomegalovirus Infection
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Abscess
Infarct
Selected Reference
Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.37)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Lepromatous Leprosy
Histoplasmosis
Gaucher Disease (and Other Metabolic Storage Diseases)
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Pneumocystis Carinii
Malaria
Selected References
Malaria
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Acute Phase
Chronic Phase
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Leishmaniasis
Hemochromatosis
Formalin Pigment
Selected References
Pyogenic Bacterial Infections (Abscess)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Splenic Infarct
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Selected Reference
Granulomatous Diseases
Sarcoidosis, Miliary Tuberculosis, Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Lipogranulomas
Clinical Features
Sarcoidosis
Miliary Tuberculosis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Lipogranulomas
Gross Pathology
Sarcoidosis
Miliary Tuberculosis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Lipogranulomas
Histopathology
Sarcoidosis
Miliary Tuberculosis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Lipogranulomas
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected Reference
Other conditions
Amyloidosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 15.39)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Castleman Disease, Hyaline-Vascular Type
Infarct
Granulomas
Hyalinosis
Selected References
Hematoma and Traumatic Rupture
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Hematoma
Rupture
Histopathology
Hematoma
Rupture
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Spontaneous Rupture
Infarct
Splenic Cyst
Hemangioma and Other Vascular Tumors
Selected References
Chapter 16
16 - Bones and Joints
OSTEOID TUMORS
Osteoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Findings
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Osteoid Osteoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Findings
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Stress Fracture
Selected References
Osteoblastoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Osteoid Osteoma
Giant Cell Tumor
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Conventional Intramedullary Osteosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Fracture Callus
Osteomyelitis
Osteoblastoma
Giant Cell Tumor
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Fibrosarcoma
Small Cell Tumors (Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor, Lymphoma, Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma)
Metastatic Carcinoma
Selected References
Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Findings
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Conventional Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques in Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Osteochondroma
Myositis Ossificans
High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma
Periosteal Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Periosteal Osteosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Findings
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Periosteal Chondroma
Periosteal Chondrosarcoma
Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Conventional Intramedullary Osteosarcoma
High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma
Selected References
High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Dedifferentiated Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Conventional Intramedullary Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Fibrous Dysplasia
Desmoplastic Fibroma
Osteoblastoma
Conventional Intramedullary Osteosarcoma, Fibroblastic Variant
Selected References
Chondroid Tumors
Osteochondroma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Findings
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora Lesion)
Chondrosarcoma Arising in an Osteochondroma
Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Enchondroma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prominent Costochondral Cartilage
Fibrous Dysplasia with Chondroid Differentiation
Low-Grade Chondrosarcoma
Selected References
Periosteal Chondroma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 16.9)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Juxtacortical Chondrosarcoma
Periosteal Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Chondroblastoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Findings
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
Giant Cell Tumor
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma)
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma
Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 16.11)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chondroblastoma
Medullary Chondrosarcoma
Selected References
Intramedullary Chondrosarcoma (Conventional)
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Enchondroma
Fracture Callus
Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma (Osteosarcoma with Prominent Chondroblastic Differentiation)
Selected References
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma and Fibrosarcoma
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
High-Grade Intramedullary Chondrosarcoma
Metastatic Sarcoma to Bone (Leiomyosarcoma, Angiosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma)
Selected References
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma/PNET
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Solitary Fibrous Tumor (Formerly Hemangiopericytoma)
Selected References
Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chondroblastoma
Osteoblastoma
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Intramedullary Chondrosarcoma
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Selected References
Vascular Tumors
Hemangioma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
Selected References
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Angiosarcoma
Metastatic Carcinoma
Selected References
Solitary Fibrous Tumor (Formerly Hemangiopericytoma)
Clinical Features
Radiographic Findings
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Angiosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Metastatic Carcinoma
Selected References
Fibro-Osseous, Histiocytic, and Giant Cell Lesions
Fibrous Dysplasia
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Osteofibrous Dysplasia
Desmoplastic Fibroma
Low-Grade Intramedullary Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Osteofibrous Dysplasia (Ossifying Fibroma of Long Bones)
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Fibrous Dysplasia
Adamantinoma
Well-Differentiated Intramedullary Osteosarcoma
Selected References
Nonossifying Fibroma (Fibrous Cortical Defect, Metaphyseal Fibrous Defect)
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Giant Cell Tumor
Desmoplastic Fibroma
Fibrous Dysplasia
Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma
Selected References
Desmoplastic Fibroma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Low-Grade Fibrosarcoma
Fibrous Dysplasia
Selected References
Fibrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Desmoplastic Fibroma
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Selected References
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Giant Cell Tumor
Osteosarcoma
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Selected References
Giant Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma
Nonossifying Fibroma
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Giant Cell–Rich Osteosarcoma
Metastatic Carcinoma Containing Giant Cells
Selected References
Giant Cell Granuloma (Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma)
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Brown Tumor in Hyperparathyroidism
Giant Cell Tumor
Nonossifying Fibroma
Giant Cell–Rich Osteosarcoma
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Selected References
Adamantinoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 16.28)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Osteofibrous Dysplasia
Fibrous Dysplasia
Metastatic Carcinoma
Selected References
Small Cell Neoplasms
Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Neuroblastoma
Lymphoma, Leukemia
Osteosarcoma, Small Cell Variant
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Selected References
Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Neuroectodermal Tumor of Bone
Metastatic Neuroblastoma
Osteosarcoma, Small Cell Variant
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Metastatic Small Cell Carcinoma
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Sarcoma
Chronic Osteomyelitis
Selected References
Multiple Myeloma and Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chronic Osteomyelitis
Metastatic Carcinoma
B-Cell Immunoblastic Lymphoma
Selected References
Miscellaneous Bone Lesions
Chordoma
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chondrosarcoma
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma
Liposarcoma
Selected References
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Unicameral Bone Cyst
Giant Cell Tumor
Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
Secondary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Selected References
Unicameral Bone Cyst (Simple Cyst)
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Giant Cell Tumor
Selected References
Paget Disease of Bone
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Osteoblastic Metastatic Carcinoma
Chronic Osteomyelitis
Fibrous Dysplasia
Osteoblastoma
Selected References
Metastatic Tumors
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 16.35)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Osteosarcoma
Primary Bone Sarcomas
Paget Disease
Selected References
Joint and Synovial Diseases
Osteoarthritis
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis Secondary to Avascular Necrosis
Osteoarthritis Secondary to Chondrocalcinosis
Selected References
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology (Figure 16.36)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Osteoarthritis
Chronic Osteomyelitis
Selected References
Gout
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease)
Infectious Granulomatous Synovitis
Selected References
Pseudogout (Chondrocalcinosis–Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease)
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Gout
Tumoral Calcinosis (Calcium Hydroxyapatite Deposition; Metastatic Calcification)
Selected References
Synovial Chondromatosis
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Synovial Chondrometaplasia
Synovial Chondrosarcoma
Secondary Joint Involved Chondrosarcoma
Selected References
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Clinical Features
Radiographic Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hemosiderotic Synovitis
Giant Cell Tumor
Rheumatoid Synovitis
Traumatic Synovitis
Detritic Synovitis
Selected References
Chapter 17
17 - Soft Tissue
Nodular Fasciitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques For Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Kaposi Sarcoma
Myxoma
Fibrous Histiocytoma (Dermatofibroma)
Fibromatosis (Desmoid Tumor)
Selected References
Proliferative Fasciitis and Myositis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Selected References
Myositis Ossificans
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor
Selected References
Ischemic Fasciitis
Clinical Features
GROSS Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor
Bursitis
Selected References
Elastofibroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Fibrolipoma
Spindle Cell Lipoma
Selected References
Superficial Fibromatoses
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Desmoid Type of Fibromatosis
Fibroma of Tendon Sheath
Fibrosarcoma (Infantile and Adult Types)
Selected References
Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Lipofibromatosis
Lipoblastoma
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Selected References
Lipofibromatosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy
Lipoblastoma
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Selected References
Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Fibromatosis (Palmar, Plantar)
Chondroma of Soft Tissue
Selected References
Fibroma of Tendon Sheath
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath
Superficial Fibromatosis (Palmar, Plantar)
Selected References
Collagenous Fibroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Desmoid Fibromatosis
Selected References
Myofibroma/Myopericytoma and Myofibromatosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Angioleiomyoma
Selected References
Gardner Fibroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Nuchal Fibroma
Elastofibroma
Selected References
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
Fibrosarcoma (Infantile and Adult Types)
Selected References
Calcifying Fibrous Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma
Selected References
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Leiomyosarcoma
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Inflammatory Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma
Metastatic Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
Spindle Cell Melanoma
Selected References
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Spindle Cell-Rich (Cellular Fibrous) Zone of Atypical Lipomatous Tumor
Synovial Sarcoma
Selected References
Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumor and Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma
Inflammatory Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma
Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor
Myxofibrosarcoma
Selected References
Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Spindle Cell-Rich (Cellular Fibrous) Zone of Atypical Lipomatous Tumor
Myxoma (“Cellular Variant”)
Low-Grade Myxofibrosarcoma
Myxoid Neurofibroma
Selected References
Low-Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
Selected References
Infantile Fibrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Myofibroma and Myofibromatosis
Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma
Selected References
Adult Fibrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Synovial Sarcoma (Monophasic)
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Dedifferentiated and Spindle Cell Liposarcoma
Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
Selected References
Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Carcinoma
Sclerosing Lymphoma
Deep Fibromatosis
Spindle Cell/Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma
Sclerosing, Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma
Selected References
Myxofibrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma with myxoid stroma
Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
Myxoid Liposarcoma
Myxoma
Selected References
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Fibroma of Tendon Sheath
Selected References
Lipoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Subcutaneous Lipoma
Deep Lipoma
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Myxoma
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma
Myxoid Liposarcoma
Selected References
Angiolipoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Intramuscular Hemangioma and Hemangiomatosis
Kaposi Sarcoma
Selected References
Spindle Cell Lipoma and Pleomorphic Lipoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma
Selected References
Lipoblastoma and Lipoblastomatosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Myxoid Liposarcoma
Lipofibromatosis
Selected References
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Massive Localized Lymphedema
Pleomorphic Lipoma
Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
Selected References
Myxoid and Round Cell Liposarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Lipoblastoma
Spindle Cell Lipoma
Selected References
Pleomorphic Liposarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
High-Grade Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma
Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma
Selected References
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
High-Grade Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma
Selected References
Rhabdomyoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Fetal Rhabdomyoma
Adult Rhabdomyoma
Genital Rhabdomyoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Adult Rhabdomyoma
Selected References
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma
Spindle Cell/Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Neuroblastoma
Ewing Sarcoma and Other Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcomas
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma
Lymphoma (High Grade, Burkitt, and Lymphoblastic Types)
Selected References
Leiomyoma of Deep Soft Tissue
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Leiomyosarcoma
Selected References
Leiomyosarcoma (Cutaneous and Deep Soft Tissue)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Leiomyoma
EBV+ Smooth Muscle Tumor
Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Spindle Cell Sarcoma
Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma
Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma
Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma
Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Fibrosarcoma (Infant and Adult Type)
Selected References
Granular Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Adult Rhabdomyoma
Hibernoma
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Selected References
Schwannoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Neurofibroma
Leiomyoma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Selected References
Neurofibroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Schwannoma
Myxoma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Selected References
Soft Tissue Perineurioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Benign Nerve Sheath Tumor (Schwannoma or Neurofibroma)
Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
Myxoma
Meningioma
Selected References
Paraganglioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Carcinoid Tumor
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Selected References
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cellular Schwannoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Synovial Sarcoma (Monophasic)
Clear Cell Sarcoma (Melanoma of Soft Parts)
Selected References
Hemangioma
Clinical Features
Capillary Hemangioma (Infantile and Juvenile Hemangioma)
Cavernous Hemangioma
Epithelioid Hemangioma
Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma)
Spindle Cell Hemangioma
Intramuscular Angioma
Arteriovenous Hemangioma
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Capillary Hemangioma
Cavernous Hemangioma
Epithelioid Hemangioma
Pyogenic Granuloma
Spindle Cell Hemangioma
Intramuscular Angioma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Solitary Fibrous Tumor with Predominant Hemangiopericytomatous Histology
Angiosarcoma
Kaposi Sarcoma
Selected References
Glomus Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cellular or Cavernous Hemangioma
Paraganglioma
Poroma
Selected References
Hemangioendotheliomas
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Other Hemangioendotheliomas
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma Versus Kaposi Sarcoma
Retiform Hemangioendothelioma and Papillary Intralymphatic Angioendothelioma (Dabska Tumor)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Pearls
Selected References
Angiosarcoma
Clinical features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hemangioma
Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia (Intravascular Hemangioendothelioma of Masson)
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Selected References
Lymphangioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hemangioma
Selected References
Myxoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Dermal Nerve Sheath Myxoma
Myxoid Neurofibroma
Aggressive Angiomyxoma
Selected References
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma
Selected References
Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cellular Capillary Hemangioma
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Selected References
Synovial Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma
Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma
Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Ewing Sarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Selected References
Epithelioid Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Granuloma Annulare
Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma
Epithelioid Angiosarcoma
Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Malignant Melanoma
Selected References
Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcomas, Including Extraskeletal Classic Ewing Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Neuroblastoma
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Lymphoma
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma
Round Cell Liposarcoma
Selected References
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcoma
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Small Cell Carcinoma
Selected References
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Paraganglioma
Granular Cell Tumor
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Selected References
Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Malignant Melanoma
Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Selected References
Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma
Clear Cell Carcinomas
Selected References
Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chondrosarcoma of Bone, Extending into Soft Tissue
Myxofibrosarcoma
Myoepithelioma and Myoepithelial Carcinoma
Selected References
Myoepithelioma of Soft Tissue
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma
Selected References
Extranodal ROSAI-DORFMAN Disease
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Xanthoma
Erdheim Chester Disease
IgG4 Disease
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath
Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma and Other Lymphomas
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Abscess/Phlegmon
Selected References
Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma
Pleomorphic Liposarcoma
Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma
Selected References
Chapter 18
18 - Heart, Pericardium, and Blood Vessels
HEART
Cardiomyopathy
Clinical Features
Selected References
Myocarditis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Amyloidosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Sarcoidosis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Valvular Diseases
Morphologic and Functional Correlations
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Infective Endocarditis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Prosthetic Valves
Selected References
Myxoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Rhabdomyoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Fibroma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Papillary Fibroelastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Cardiac Sarcomas
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Pericardium
Acute Pericarditis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Constrictive Pericarditis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Pericardial Cysts
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Localized Fibrous Tumor of the Pericardium
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Primary Malignant Tumors of the Pericardium
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Metastatic Tumors Of The Heart And Pericardium
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Blood Vessels
The Vasculitides
Large-Vessel Vasculitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Medium-Vessel Vasculitis
Clinical Features
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Pauci-Immune Small-Vessel Vasculitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Immune Complex Small-Vessel Vasculitis
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Selected References
Variable Vessel Vasculitis
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Heritable Disorders of Blood Vessels
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Chapter 19
19 - Central Nervous System
Diffuse Astrocytic Tumors
Diffuse Astrocytomas of Each Grade are Now Divided Into One of Two Diagnostic Categories Based Upon the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase...
Clinical Features
Diffuse Astrocytomas, IDH Mutant, Wildtype, and Not Otherwise Specified
Diffuse Midline Glioma
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Astrocytoma IDH Mutant (WHO Grade II)
Gemistocytic Astrocytoma IDM (WHO Grade II)
Anaplastic Astrocytomas IDH Mutant (WHO Grade III)
Glioblastoma IDH Mutant or Wildtype (WHO Grade IV)
Variants of Glioblastoma
Diffuse Midline Glioma (H3 k27M Mutant)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastasis (Metastatic Carcinoma or Metastatic Melanoma)
Lymphoma
Reactive Astrocytosis
Oligodendroglioma
Demyelinating Diseases
Selected References
Oligodendroglial Tumors
Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted, Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted (WHO Grades...
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Oligodendroglioma
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Diffuse Astrocytoma
Small Cell Variant of Anaplastic Astrocytoma and Glioblastoma
Central Neurocytoma or Extraventricular Neurocytoma
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor
Clear Cell Ependymoma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Selected References
Other Astrocytic Tumors
Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Who Grade I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Diffuse Astrocytoma
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
Ganglion Cell Tumors
Hemangioblastoma
Selected References
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma (WHO Grade Not Assigned at Present)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Glioblastoma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Ganglion Cell Tumors
Selected References
Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma (WHO Grade I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Gemistocytic Astrocytoma
Subependymal Glial Nodule
Selected References
Ependymal Tumors
Ependymoma (WHO Grade II), Anaplastic Ependymoma (WHO Grade III), Rela Fusion-Positive Ependymoma (WHO Grade II or III)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Ependymoma
Ependymoma Variants
Anaplastic Ependymoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma
Fibrillary or Diffuse Astrocytoma
Astroblastoma
Choroid Plexus Papilloma or Carcinoma
Oligodendroglioma
Central Neurocytoma
Selected References
Myxopapillary Ependymoma (WHO Grade I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma (Mucin Secreting)
Chordoma
Schwannoma
Paraganglioma
Selected References
Subependymoma (WHO Grade I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Other Neuroepithelial Tumors
Astroblastoma (No Assigned WHO Grade)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Ependymoma
Angiocentric Glioma
Papillary Meningioma
Selected References
Chordoid Glioma (WHO Grade II)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chordoma
Chordoid Meningioma
Selected References
Angiocentric Glioma (WHO Grade I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Astrocytoma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma
Ependymoma
Astroblastoma
Selected References
Neuronal and Glioneuronal Neoplasms
Gangliocytoma (WHO Grade I), Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor of the Cerebrum (No WHO Grade), Dysplastic Cerebellar G...
Clinical Features
Multinodular Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor of the Cerebrum
Dysplastic Cerebellar Gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos Disease), WHO Grade I
Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma and Ganglioglioma (WHO Grade I)
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Gangliocytoma
Ganglioglioma and Anaplastic Ganglioglioma
Multinodular Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor of the Cerebrum
Dysplastic Cerebellar Gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos Disease)
Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma and Astrocytoma, WHO Grade I
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma and Ganglioglioma (WHO Grade I)
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Central Nervous System Ganglioneuroblastoma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor
Fibrillary or Diffuse Astrocytoma
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
Selected References
DYSEMBRYOPLASTIC NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMOR (WHO GRADE I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Ganglioglioma
Oligodendroglioma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Selected References
CENTRAL AND EXTRAVENTRICULAR NEUROCYTOMA (WHO GRADE II), CEREBELLAR LIPONEUROCYTOMA (WHO GRADE II)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Central Neurocytomas
Atypical Neurocytomas
Extraventricular Neurocytomas
Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Oligodendroglioma
Ependymoma (Especially Clear Cell Variant)
Neuroblastoma (Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor)
Selected References
PAPILLARY GLIONEURONAL TUMOR (WHO GRADE I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Papillary Ependymoma
Papillary Meningioma
Choroid Plexus Papilloma
Metastatic Papillary Adenocarcinoma
Astroblastoma
Selected References
ROSETTE-FORMING GLIONEURONAL TUMOR OF THE FOURTH VENTRICLE (WHO GRADE I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Central Neurocytoma
Papillary Glioneuronal Neoplasm
Ependymoma
Medulloblastoma
Selected References
DIFFUSE LEPTOMENINGEAL GLIONEURONAL TUMOR (NO WHO GRADE AT PRESENT)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pilocytic Astrocytoma or Diffuse Astrocytoma with Leptomeningeal Dissemination
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis
Selected References
PARAGANGLIOMA OF THE SPINAL CORD (WHO GRADE I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Schwannoma
Meningioma
Ependymoma
Metastatic Carcinoma
Selected References
Embryonal Tumors
Medulloblastoma (WHO Grade IV)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor
Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor and Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma of the Craniospinal Vault
Ependymoma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Lymphoma and Leukemia
Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Selected References
OTHER CNS EMBRYONAL TUMORS (EMBRYONAL TUMOR WITH MULTILAYERED ROSETTES, C19MC-ALTERED AND NOS, MEDULLOEPITHELIOMA, CNS NEUROBLA...
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Medulloblastoma
Anaplastic Ependymoma
Central Neurocytoma
Peripheral PNET and Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma of the Craniospinal Vault
Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma
Glioblastoma with Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Foci
Esthesioneuroblastoma (Olfactory Neuroblastoma)
Selected References
ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOR (WHO GRADE IV)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cribriform Neuroepithelial Tumor
Medulloblastoma and Other Embryonal Tumors
Choroid Plexus Carcinoma
Selected References
Choroid Plexus Tumors
Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade I), Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade II), and Choroid Plexus Carcinoma (WHO Grad...
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade I)
Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade II)
Choroid Plexus Carcinoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Normal Choroid Plexus
Metastatic Carcinoma
Ependymoma (Especially Papillary Subtype)
Atypical Teratoid and Rhabdoid Tumors
Papillary Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
Selected References
Pineal Parenchymal Tumors
Pineocytoma (WHO Grade I) and Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation (WHO Grades II and III)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Pineocytoma
Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Normal Pineal Gland
Pineal Cyst
Pineoblastoma
Astrocytoma
Papillary Tumors of the Pineal Region
Selected References
PINEOBLASTOMA (WHO GRADE IV)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pineocytoma and Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation
Selected References
Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region (WHO Grades II And III)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Choroid Plexus Papilloma
Ependymoma
Pineal parenchymal tumors
Selected References
Other Neoplasms and Related Entities
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Clinical Features
Schwannoma (WHO Grade I)
Neurofibroma (WHO Grade I)
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (WHO Grade II, III, or IV)
Perineurioma (WHO Grade I, II, or III)
Gross Pathology
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Plexiform Neurofibroma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Perineurioma
Histopathology
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Perineurioma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Perineurioma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Conventional and Cellular Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Perineurioma
Differential Diagnosis
Schwannoma versus Meningioma
Neurofibroma versus Traumatic Neuroma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor versus Synovial Sarcoma
Selected References
Meningioma (WHO Grade I), Atypical Meningioma (WHO Grade II), and Anaplastic Meningioma (WHO Grade III)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Classic Meningioma (WHO Grade I)
Atypical Meningioma (WHO Grade II)
Anaplastic Meningioma (WHO Grade III)
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Schwannoma
Ependymoma
Meningeal Hyperplasia
Anchor 4270
Selected References
Anchor 4272
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Meningioma
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Selected References
Hemangioblastoma (WHO Grade I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Paraganglioma
Meningioma (Angiomatous)
Selected References
Malignant Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Hodgkin Disease
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Oligodendroglioma
Reactive Lymphocytosis (as in Viral Encephalitis, Vasculitis, and Demyelinating Diseases)
Medulloblastoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
Selected References
GERM CELL TUMORS
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pineocytoma and Pineoblastoma
Selected References
Neuraxial Cysts: Rathke Cleft Cyst, Colloid Cyst, and Enterogenous Cyst
Clinical Features
Rathke Cleft Cyst
Colloid Cyst
Enterogenous Cyst
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Craniopharyngioma versus Rathke Cleft Cyst
Epidermoid or Dermoid Cysts
Distinction Between Rathke Cleft Cyst, Colloid Cyst, and Enterogenous Cyst
Ependymal Cyst
Arachnoid Cyst
Cysticercosis of Ventricular System or Subarachnoid Space
Selected References
Pituitary Adenoma (Including Typical and Atypical Adenomas), Pituitary Carcinoma, and Pituitary Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Pituitary Adenomas
Pituitary Carcinoma
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Acidophilic adenomas (PIT-1 positive)
Corticotrophs (T-PIT positive)
Gonadotrophs (SF-1 positive)
Pituitary carcinoma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Normal Pituitary Gland
Craniopharyngioma
Hypophysitis
Rathke Cleft Cyst
Pituicytoma, Spindle Cell Oncocytoma of the Adenohypophysis and Granular Cell Tumor of the Sella (WHO Grade I)
Selected References
Pituicytoma (WHO Grade I), Spindle Cell Oncocytoma (WHO Grade I), and Granular Cell Tumor of the Neurohypophysis (WHO Grade I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Pituitary Adenoma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Selected References
Craniopharyngioma (WHO Grade I)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Rathke Cleft Cyst
Epidermoid or Dermoid Cysts
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Xanthogranuloma
Selected References
Chordoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Chondrosarcoma
Myxopapillary Ependymoma
Metastatic Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Chordoid Meningioma
Chordoid Glioma
Selected References
Secondary Tumors
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Glial Neoplasms with Epithelioid, Sarcomatous, or Small-Cell Differentiation
Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasms Including Medulloblastomas
Anaplastic Meningioma
Choroid Plexus Carcinoma (Versus Metastatic Papillary Adenocarcinoma)
Selected References
Non-Neoplastic Conditions
Vascular Malformations
Clinical Features
Arteriovenous Malformation
Cavernous Hemangioma
Capillary Telangiectasia
Venous Hemangioma
Gross Pathology
Arteriovenous Malformation
Cavernous Hemangioma
Capillary Telangiectasia
Venous Hemangioma
Histopathology
Arteriovenous Malformation
Cavernous Hemangioma
Capillary Telangiectasia
Venous Hemangioma
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Cerebral Infarction and Intracerebral Hematomas
Clinical Features
Ischemic Cerebral Infarctions
Venous Cerebral Infarcts
Intracerebral Hematomas
Gross Pathology
Ischemic Infarcts
Venous Infarcts
Intracerebral Hematomas
Histopathology
Ischemic Infarcts due to Arterial Compromise
Venous Infarcts
Intracerebral Hematomas
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Glioma (Oligodendroglioma or Astrocytoma)
Glioblastoma Multiforme
Demyelinating Diseases
Encephalitis
Selected References
Vasculitis
Clinical Features
Infectious Vasculitis
Vasculitis in Association with Collagen Vascular Diseases and Other Noninfectious Causes
Primary (or Isolated) Vasculitis of the CNS, also Known as Granulomatous Vasculitis
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Primary Vasculitis
Secondary Vasculitis
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Multiple Sclerosis and Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis
Viral Encephalitis
Sarcoidosis
Anchor 4458
Selected References
Brain Abscess
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Glioblastoma Multiforme and Metastasis
Selected References
Encephalitis and Meningoencephalitis
Clinical Features
Common Causative Agents: Viral
Common Causative Agents: Bacterial
Common Causative Agents: Parasitic
Common Causative Agents: Fungal
Gross Pathology
Encephalitis
Meningoencephalitis
Histopathology
Viral Encephalitis
Herpesvirus Encephalitis
Cytomegalovirus
Rabies Encephalitis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis and Leukoencephalopathy
Tuberculous Meningitis and Tuberculoma
Neurosyphilis: Meningovascular and Parenchymal Forms
Other Causes of Meningitis and Encephalitis
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Sarcoidosis
Noninfectious Vasculitis
Nonspecific Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Paraneoplastic Encephalitis
Selected References
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Malignant Glioma (Astrocytoma or Oligodendroglioma)
Multiple Sclerosis
Selected References
Demyelinating Diseases
Clinical Features
Multiple Sclerosis
Marburg Type of Multiple Sclerosis (Acute Multiple Sclerosis)
Concentric Sclerosis of Baló
Devic Disease (Neuromyelitis Optica): Involvement of Optic Nerve and Spinal Cord Predominates
Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis
Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis (Hurst Disease)
Gross Pathology
Multiple Sclerosis
Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis
Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis
Histopathology
Multiple Sclerosis
Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis
Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Cerebral Infarction
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Astrocytoma
Leukodystrophies
Selected References
Dementia
Clinical Features
Alzheimer Disease
Lewy Body Dementia
Vascular Dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Gross Pathology
Alzheimer Disease
Lewy Body Dementia
Vascular Dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Histopathology
Alzheimer Disease
Lewy Body Dementia
Vascular Dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Alzheimer Disease
Lewy Body Dementia
Vascular Dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Alzheimer Disease
Vascular Dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Differential Diagnosis
Kufs Disease (Adult Form of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis)
Status Spongiosus
Selected References
Chapter 20
20 - Eye and Orbit
ADULT OCULAR LESIONS
External Lesions
Malignant Melanoma of the Conjunctiva
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Sebaceous Carcinoma
Selected References
Internal Lesions
Selected References
Selected References
Selected References
Childhood Ocular Lesions
Retinoblastoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Selected References
Adult Orbital Lesions
Orbital Lymphoma, Including Lymphoid Hyperplasia And Malignant Lymphoma of the Orbit
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques For Diagnosis
Selected References
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Thyroid Orbitopathy (Thyroid Ophthalmopathy, Dysthyroid Orbitopathy, and Graves Orbitopathy)
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Childhood Orbital Lesions
Cystic
Selected References
Capillary Hemangioma of the Orbit
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Lymphangioma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Microphthalmos with Cyst
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
Solid Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical Features
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry
Other Techniques for Diagnosis
Selected References
