This issue focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and managment of bleeding in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum. Diagnostic modalities discussed include enteroscopy, capsule endoscopy, imaging, technitium scanning and angiography.
Author(s): Don C. Rockey
Series: Gastroenterology Clinics of North America Volume 34, Issue 4, Pages 581-776 (December 2005)
Edition: 1
Publisher: Saunders
Year: 2005
Language: English
Pages: 174
Cover......Page 1
Preface
......Page 2
Clinical presentation......Page 5
Resuscitation......Page 6
History, symptoms, and signs......Page 7
Laboratory evaluation......Page 9
Clinical localization of bleeding......Page 10
References......Page 11
Incidence and Demographics......Page 13
Clinical Presentation and Patient Triage......Page 18
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy......Page 21
References......Page 23
Etiology of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding......Page 30
Clinical risk assessment......Page 31
Endoscopic assessment......Page 32
Injection Therapy......Page 33
Noncontact thermal techniques......Page 34
Contact thermal techniques......Page 35
Adherent Clots......Page 36
Endoscopic Suturing......Page 37
Summary......Page 38
References......Page 40
Initial management......Page 45
Vasoactive Agents......Page 47
Endoscopic Management......Page 48
Preventing recurrent variceal bleeding......Page 49
Pharmacologic Therapy......Page 50
Endoscopic therapy......Page 51
Bleeding from portal hypertensive gastropathy......Page 52
Bleeding from gastric varices......Page 54
Preventing the first variceal bleeding (primary prophylaxis)......Page 56
References......Page 59
Incidence......Page 65
Outcomes......Page 66
Predicting Outcome......Page 67
Physical Examination......Page 68
Colonoscopy......Page 69
Radionuclide Scintigraphy......Page 71
Angiography......Page 73
Other Diagnostic Modalities for LGIB......Page 74
Diverticular Bleeding......Page 76
Ischemic Colitis......Page 77
Angiodysplasia......Page 78
Postpolypectomy......Page 79
Anorectal Sources......Page 80
References......Page 81
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding-Management......Page 87
Specific Interventions/treatments......Page 88
Colonoscopy......Page 89
Surgery......Page 92
Vascular Ectasia......Page 93
Inflammatory and Infectious Colitis......Page 94
Radiation Colitis......Page 95
References......Page 96
Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding......Page 101
Approach to evaluation of the obscure bleeder......Page 102
Small bowel follow-through......Page 104
Technetium-labeled nuclear scans......Page 105
Angiography......Page 107
CT......Page 108
Enteroscopy......Page 109
Capsule endoscopy......Page 110
Surgery......Page 112
Summary......Page 113
References......Page 114
Iron Metabolism......Page 121
Approach to Evaluation......Page 123
Special Situations......Page 128
Treatment and Outcome......Page 130
Guaiac-based tests......Page 131
Heme-porphyrin based tests......Page 133
Differential Diagnosis and Approach to Evaluation......Page 134
References......Page 137
Investigation of the Small Bowel in Gastrointestinal Bleeding-Enteroscopy and Capsule Endoscopy......Page 141
Sonde Enteroscopy......Page 142
Push Enteroscopy......Page 143
Double Balloon Enteroscopy......Page 145
Intraoperative Enteroscopy......Page 148
Capsule Endoscopy......Page 149
Summary......Page 153
References......Page 154
Anatomy and Angiographic Diagnosis......Page 157
Transcatheter Intervention: Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage......Page 161
Transcatheter Intervention: Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage......Page 167
Summary......Page 171
References......Page 172
