The book describes the physical properties of gases and describes the different measuring methods and sensor principles for the analysis of gas mixtures. The use of gas sensors in different applications is shown by means of practical examples. These applications of the metrological detection of gases originate from many fields of engineering, in particular energy technology, food technology, process engineering, biotechnology, safety engineering, medical technology and environmental technology.
This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Gasmesstechnik in Theorie und Praxis by Gerhard Wiegleb, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2017. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Author(s): Gerhard Wiegleb
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 1302
City: Wiesbaden
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
List of Contributors
1: Introduction
References
2: Physical Properties of Gases
2.1 States of Aggregation
2.2 The Atmosphere
2.3 Kinetic Theory of Gases
2.4 Transport Operations
2.5 Gas Laws
2.6 Combustion Processes in Gases
2.7 Gas Flows
References
Related References
3: Physical Gas Sensors
3.1 Thermal Conductivity Sensors (TCS)
3.2 Mass Sensitive Sensors
3.3 Paramagnetic Oxygen Sensor
3.4 Ionisation Process
References
Related References
4: Physical-Chemical Gas Sensors
4.1 Heat Tone Sensors (Pellistors)
4.2 Electrochemical Cells
4.3 Semiconductor Gas Sensors
4.4 Deposition in Thin Layers
4.5 Colour Reactions
References
Related References
5: Separation Process
5.1 Gas Chromatography (GC)
5.2 Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS)
5.3 Mass Spectrometry
References
6: Basics of Radiation Absorption
6.1 Physical Principles of Radiation Transitions
6.2 Laws of Radiation Absorption
References
Related References
7: IR Absorption Photometer
7.1 Opto-Pneumatic Gas Analysers
7.2 Filter Photometer
7.3 Photoacoustic Gas Analysers (PAS)
7.4 IR Components for Photometer
7.5 Cuvettes
7.6 Detectors
References
Related References
8: UV Absorption Photometer
8.1 Fundamentals
8.2 UV Gas Analyzers
8.3 New Measurement Methods
8.4 UV Spectra
References
Related References
9: Radiation Emission and Laser Technology
9.1 Radiation Emission
9.2 Laser Spectrometer
9.3 Remote Measurement Procedure
References
Related References
10: Humidity Measurement in Gases
10.1 Fundamentals
10.2 Measurement Procedure
10.3 Calibration
References
Related References
11: Flow Measurement Technology
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Measurement Procedure
11.3 Flow Calibration
References
Related References
12: Calibration and Test Methods
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Zero Gas and Test Gas
12.3 Gas Mixing Devices
12.4 Test Procedure
References
Related References
Standards
13: Dust Measurement Technology
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Discontinuous Emission Monitoring for Dust
13.3 Gravimetric Determination of Dust Content
13.4 Determination of the Particle Size Distribution
13.5 Emission Measurements of Fine Dust (PM2.5/PM10)
13.6 Current State of the Art in Fine Dust Measurement
13.7 Soot Count Measurement
13.8 Continuous Emission Monitoring for Dust
13.9 Transmissiometry
13.10 Scattered Light Measurement
13.11 Beta Radiation Absorption
13.12 Triboelectric Dust Measurement
13.13 Soot Count Measurement
13.14 Comparison of the Different Continuous Measurement Methods
13.15 Calibration of Dust Measuring Instruments
Related References
Standards
14: Emission Measurement
14.1 Gas treatment
14.2 Exhaust Gas Analysis on Motor Vehicles by Means of PEMS
14.3 Continuous Emission Monitoring of Special Compounds by Long-Term Sampling
14.4 In Situ Gas Analysis with Laser Technology
14.5 Modern Hot Gas Analysis
14.6 Official Emissions Monitoring of Incineration Plants
References
Section 14.1
Section 14.2
Section 14.2: Further Reading
Section 14.3
Section 14.3: Further Reading
Section 14.4
Section 14.4: Further Reading
Section 14.5
Section 14.5: Further Reading
Paragraph 14.6: Standards and Guidelines
15: Power Engineering
15.1 Energy Metering and Other Metering Tasks in the Gas Industry
15.2 Energy Measurement in the Biogas Application
15.3 SF6 Leakage Monitoring in Switchgear
15.4 Gas Quality Tracking (SmartSim)
15.5 Multicomponent Gas Analysis Using the FTTCA Analysis Method
15.6 Combustion Optimisation
15.7 Gas Analysis of Metal Samples (C, S, H, N, O)
References
16: Life Sciences
16.1 Ammonia Gas Analysis in Animal Husbandry
16.2 Gas Measurement Technology in Emergency Ventilation
16.3 Combined Air Quality Measurement with IR and Semiconductor Gas Sensors
16.4 Measurement of Dissolved Gases in Water
16.5 Direct Respiration Analysis in Farm Animals
16.6 13CO2/12CO2 Measurement of Respiratory Gas in Medical Diagnostics
References
17: Biotechnology
17.1 Gas Analysis for Fermentation Processes
17.2 Odour Detection in Breweries by Means of Electronic Nose
17.3 Gas Measurements in Food Packaging
17.4 NDIR Gas Analysis at High Ambient Temperatures
References
Further Reading
18: Safety Engineering
18.1 Safety Engineering
18.2 Gas Detection Systems in Safety Engineering
18.3 Mobile Gas Measurement Technology
18.4 Annex
References
Further Reading
