Horticulture has remained far behind in understanding of botanical principles. Recent phylogenetic (DNA-based) reorganization of higher plants has revolutionized taxonomic treatments of all biological entities, even when morphology does not completely agree with their organization. This book is an example of applying principals of botanical phylogenetic taxonomy to assemble genera, species, and cultivars of 200 vascular plant families of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms that are cultivated for enhancement of human living space; homes, gardens, and parks. The emphases are on cultivated species but examples of some plants are often shown in the wild and in landscapes. In providing descriptions, it is assumed that students and other interested individuals have no background in general botany (plant characteristics), or nomenclature. Fundamental features of all plant groups discussed are fully illustrated by original watercolor drawings or photographs.
Discussion of the families is grounded on recent botanical phylogenetic treatments, which is based on common ancestry (monophyly). Of course, phylogenetic taxonomy is not a new concept, and was originally based on morphological characteristics; it is the DNA-based phylogeny that has revolutionized modern biological classifications. In practical terms, this book represents the horticultural treatment that corresponds to phylogenetic-based botanical taxonomy, to which is added cultigens and cultivated genera and species. Hence, the harmony between horticultural and botanical taxonomy.
This book covers phylogenetic-based taxonomy of Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms (Monocots). A companion volume covers Angiosperms (Eudicots).
Author(s): Bijan Dehgan
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 715
City: Cham
Foreword
Preface
References
Alphabetical List of Families
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
1: NOMENCLATURE FOR CULTIVATED PLANTS
INTRODUCTION
COMMON NAMES
BOTANICAL NAMES
Use of Botanical Names in Horticulture
Concepts of Ranks
HORTICULTURAL NAMES
TYPES AND ORIGINS OF CULTIVARS
Asexually Reproduced Cultivars
Sexually Produced Cultivars
PRONUNCIATION OF NAMES
A Comment on Use of Double Names
2: LYCOPHYES AND MONILOPHYTES (FERNS)
INTRODUCTION
LYCOPODIOPSIDA/LYCOPHYTES
LYCOPODIACEAE
CLUBMOSSES, GROUND PINES, WOLF FOOT
15 GENERA AND 390 SPECIES
SELAGINELLACEAE
SPIKE MOSSES, LESSER CLUBMOSSES
±750 SPECIES IN 1 GENUS
ISOETACEAE
QUILLWORT FAMILY
MONILOPHYTES (FERNS)
FERN FROND TERMINOLOGY
FAMILIES OF EXTANT FERNS
PSILOTACEAE
WISK FERN FAMILY
2 GENERA AND ±12 SPECIES
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
ADDER’S-TONGUE FAMILY
4 GENERA AND 80 SPECIES
EQUISETACEAE
HORSETAIL FAMILY
OSMUNDACEAE
OSMUNDA FAMILY
6 GENERA AND 18 SPECIES
Osmunda regalis
ROYAL FERN
Todea barbara
KING FERN
MARSILIACEAE
CYATHEACEAE
SCALY TREE FERN FAMILY
5 GENERRA AND 500+ SPECIES
PTERIDACEAE
(INCLUDING ADIANTACEAE)
MAIDENHAIR FERN FAMILY
53 GENERA AND ±1210 SPECIES
Acrostichum danaeifolium
GIANT LEATHER FERN
Adiantum spp.
MAIDENHAIR FERN
Pteris cretica
CRETAN BRAKE FERN
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
THE SHIELD FERN OR WOOD FERN FAMILY
26 GENERA AND ABOUT ±2235 SPECIES
Cyrtomium falcatum
HOLLY FERN
Polystichum setiferum
SOFT SHIELD FERN
Rumohra adiantiformis
LEATHERLEAF FERN
POLYPODIACEAE
POLYPODIUM FAMILY
63 GENERA AND ±1650 SPECIES
Platycerium spp.
STAGHORN FERNS
Pleopeltis michauxiana
RESURRECTION FERN
Drynaria quercifolia
BASKET FERN
ADDITIONAL GENERA
ASPLENIACEAE
SPLEENWORT FAMILY
25 GENERA AND 515 SPECIES
Asplenium nidus
BIRD’S NEST FERN
WOODSIACEAE
(INCLUDING ATHYRIACEAE)
LADY FERNS
1 or 2 GENERA AND 65 SPECIES
Athyrium niponicum
JAPANESE PAINTED FERN
Diplazium proliferum
MOTHER FERN
BLECHNACEAE
BLECHNOIDS FAMILY, CHAIN FERN FAMILY
24 GENERA AND ±265 SPECIES
Blechnum brasiliense
ANGELFIRE, BRAZILEAN TREE FERN
DAVALLIACEAE
DAVALLIA FAMILY
1 GENUS AND 65 SPECIES
Davallia fejeensis
RABBIT’S FOOT FERN
DICKSONIACEAE
DICKSONIA FAMILY
3 GENERA AND ±35 SPECIES
Balantium antarcticum
AUSTRALIAN TREE FERN, TASMANIAN TREE FERN; TASMANIAN DICKSONIA
LOMARIOPSIDACEAE
LOMARIOPSID FAMILY
5 GENERA AND 70 SPECIES
Nephrolepis exaltata
BOSTON FERN, SWORD FERN
LYGODIACEAE
CLIMBING FERNS
1 GENUS AND ±25 SPECIES
Lygodium spp.
JAPANESE CLIMBING FERN
MARATTIACEAE
MARATTIA FAMILY
6 GENERA AND 110 (135?) SPECIES
Angiopteris evecta
ELEPHANT FERN, GIANT FERN, KING FERN
ADDITIONAL FAMILIES
3: Gymnosperms
Introduction
GROWTH HABITS
LEAVES
DURATION OF GROWTH
MICROSTROBILUS
MEGASTROBILUS
FAMILIES AND GENRA OF EXTANT GYMNOSPERMS (Based on Christenhusz et al. 2011)
CYCADIDAE
CYCADACEAE
CYCAS FAMILY
MONOGENERIC WITH ±92 SPECIES
CYCAS SEEDS
Cycas multipinnata
ROYAL SAGO
Cycas revoluta
SAGO PALM, KING SAGO PALM
Cycas rumphii
QUEEN SAGO PALM
Cycas taitungensis
PRINCE SAGO OR EMPEROR SAGO
Megasporophyll of Cycas taitungensis
ADDITIONAL CYCAS SPECIES
ZAMIACEAE
ZAMIA FAMILY
8 GENERA AND ±200 SPECIES
BOWENIA
2 Extant Species
CERATOZAMIA
About 25 Species
Ceratozamia hildae
BAMBOO CYCAD
Ceratozamia kuesteriana
Ceratozamia microstrobila
ADDITIONAL CERATOZAMIA SPECIES
DIOON
About 12 Species
Dioon edule
CHAMAL, CHESTNUT DIOON, MEXICAN SAGO
Dioon spinulosum
GIANT DIOON
ENCEPHALARTOS
About 60 Species
LEPIDOZAMIA
2 Species
MACROZAMIA
About 40 Species
MICROCYCAS
1 Species
STANGERIA
1 Species
ZAMIA
±50 Species
Zamia furfuracea
CARDBOARD PLANT
Zamia integrifolia
COONTIE, FLORIDA ARROWROOT, SEMINOLE BREAD
Zamia vazquezii
FERNLEAF ZAMIA, HELECHO
ADDITIONAL SPECIES
GINKGOIDAE
GINKGOACEAE
1 Genus and 1 Species
Ginkgo biloba
MAIDENHAIR TREE
GNETIDAE
GNETACEAE
1 Genus and About 40 Species
Gnetum spp.
WELWITSCHIACEAE
1 Genus and 1 Species
Welwitschia mirabilis
WELWITSCHIA
CONIFERS
(PINOPHYTA, CONIFEROPHYTA)
Subclass PINIDAE
PINIDAE
PINACEAE
PINE FAMILY
11 GENERA AND ABOUT 250 SPECIES
Subclass PINIDAE
Cedrus deodara
DEODAR CEDAR, HIMALAYAN CEDAR
Pinus elliottii
SLASH PINE
Pinus glabra
SPRUCE PINE
Pinus palustris
LONGLEAF PINE
Pinus taeda
LOBLOLLY PINE
ADDITIONAL GENERA
ARAUCARIACEAE
3 GENERA AND ±40 SPECIES
Agathis robusta
QUEENSLAND KAURI; SMOOTH BARK KAURI; DAMMAR KURI PINE
Araucaria bidwillii
BUNYA-BUNYA, FALSE MONKEY PUZZLE TREE
Araucaria heterophylla
NORFOLK ISLAND PINE
Wollemia nobilis
WELLEMI TREE, WELLOMI PINE
PODOCARPACEAE
PODOCARPUS FAMILY
17 GENERA AND ±170 SPECIES
Afrocarpus gracilior
AFRICAN FERN TREE, WEEPING OR FERN PODOCARPUS
Nageia nagi
ASIAN BAYBERRY, NAGI PODOCARPUS
Podocarpus macrophyllus
PODOCARP, KUSAMAKI
CUPRESSACEAE
CYPRESS FAMILY
31 GENERA AND ±130 SPECIES
Cupressus × leylandii
LEYLAND CYPRESS
Cryptomeria japonica
JAPANESE CEDAR (SUGI)
Cunninghamia lanceolata
CUNNINGHAMIA, CHINA FIR
Cupressus sempervirens
ITALIAN CYPRESS
Juniperus Foliage Variation
Juniperus chinensis
CHINESE JUNIPER
Juniperus conferta
SHORE JUNIPER
Juniperus horizontalis
CREEPING JUNIPER
Juniperus virginiana
RED CEDAR
Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola
SOUTHERN RED CEDAR
Metasequoia glyptostroboides
DAWN REDWOOD
Platycladus orientalis
ORIENTAL ARBORVITAE
Taxodium distichum
BALD CYPRESS; SWAMP CYPRESS
TAXACEAE
TAXUS (YEW) FAMILY
6 GENERA AND ±30 SPECIES
Cephalotaxus harringtonii
JAPANESE PLUM YEW
Taxus floridana
FLORIDA YEW
ADDITIONAL GENUS
SCIADOPITYACEAE
1 Genus and 1 Species
Sciadopitys verticillata
UMBRELLA PINE
4: ANGIOSPERMS: FLOWERING PLANTS
INTRODUCTION
ANGIOSPERM CHARACTERISTICS
PLANT BODY
VEGETATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS
MONOCOTYLEDONS (MONOCOTS)
ACORACEAE
SWEET-FLAG FAMILY
ARACEAE
ARUM FAMILY
113 (144?) GENERA AND ±3300 (3645?) SPECIES
Aglaonema commutatum
AGLAONEMA; POISON DART PLANT
Alocasia spp.
ELEPHANT’S EAR
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
STINK LILY; ELEPHANT FOOT YAM
Anthurium andraeanum
TAIL FLOWER, FLAMINGO FLOWER
Arisaema ringens
JAPANESE COBRA LILY
Caladium bicolor
FANCY LEAFED CALADIUM; ANGEL WINGS
Dieffenbachia spp.
DUMB CANES
Epipremnum pinnatum
GOLDEN POTHOS
Monstera deliciosa
SPLIT-LEAF PHILODENDRON, SWISS CHEESE PLANT
Philodendron Species and Cultivars
Philodendron bipennifolium
FIDDLELEAF OR HORSEHEAD PHILODENDRON
Philodendron bipinnatifidum
SELLOUM
Philodendron hederaceum
HEART-LEAF PHILODENDRON
Philodendron martianum
FLASK PHILODENDRON
Scindapsus pictus
POTHOS; SILVER VINE
Spathiphyllum wallisii
PEACE LILY, SPATHE FLOWER
Syngonium podophyllum
NEPHTHYTIS, SYNGONIUM
Zantedeschia aethiopica
CALLA LILY; ARUM LILY
Zamioculcas zamiifolia
ZANZIBAR GEM; ZZ PLANT
ADDITIONAL GENUS
ALISMATACEAE
WATER-PLANTAINS
17 GENERA AND 85 to 120 SPECIES
Sagittaria montevidensis
RUBY-EYE ARROWHEAD; GIANT ARROWHEAD
ADDITIONAL GENUS
DIOSCOREACEAE
YAM FAMILY
4 GENERA AND 870 SPECIES
Dioscorea spp.
TACCACEAE
BAT FLOWERS
1 GENUS AND 10–12 SPECIES
Tacca chantrieri
BLACK BAT FLOWER; TIGER’S WHISKERS; DEVIL FLOWER
VELLOZIACEAE
7 GENERA AND ±300 SPECIES
PANDANACEAE
SCREW-PINE FAMILY
5 GENERA AND ±770 SPECIES
Freycinetia cumingiana
CLIMBING PANDANUS; FLOWERING PANDANUS
Pandanus utilis
SCREW PINE
MELANTHIACEAE
TRILLIUM FAMILY
17 GENERA AND 173 (186?) SPECIES
Trillium grandiflorum
SHOWY TRILLIUM, WHITE TRILLIUM, WOOD LILY
Paris polyphylla
LOVE APPLE
Anticlea (Zigadenus) elegans
MOUNTAIN DEATHCAMAS, WHITE DEATHCOMAS
ALSTROEMERIACEAE
ALSTROMERIA FAMILY
4 GENERA AND 253 SPECIES
Alstroemeria spp.
PERUVIAN LILY, LILY OF THE INCAS
COLCHICACEAE
COLCHICUM FAMILY
15 GENERA AND ±285 SPECIES
Gloriosa superba
GLORIOSA LILY, GLORY LILY
ADDITIONAL GENERA
PHILESIACEAE
CHILEAN-BELLFLOWER FAMILY
2 GENERA AND 2 SPECIES
Lapageria rosea
CHILEAN BELFLOWER
LILIACEAE
LILY FAMILY
15 (18?) GENERA AND ±700 SPECIES
Fritillaria imperialis
CROWN IMPERIAL
Lilium Species and Cultivars
LILIES
Tulipa Species, Hybrids, and Cultivars
TULIPS
ADDITIONAL GENERA
ORCHIDACEAE
ORCHID FAMILY
750 (763) GENERA AND ±28,000 SPECIES ±125,000 HYBRIDS
ORCHID FEATURES
ORCHIDACEAE SUBFAMILIES
Paphiopedilum
LADY’S SLIPPER ORCHID
Phragmipedium
SLIPPER ORCHID
Brassia
SPIDER ORCHIDS
Bulbophyllum
Cattleya
CATTLEYA
Dendrobium
DENDROBIUM
Epidendrum
EPIDENDRUM, REED-STEM EPIDENDRUMS
Masdevallia
MASDEVALLIA
Miltonia and Miltoniopsis
PANSY ORCHIDS
Oncidium
DANCING LADY ORCHID, ONCIDIUM
Phaius tankervilleae
NUN’S ORCHID, PHAIUS, SWAMP ORCHID
Phalaenopsis
MOTH ORCHID, PHALAENOPSIS
Vanda
VANDA
Zygopetalum
ZYGOPETALUM
Ludisia discolor
JEWEL ORCHID
Vanilla planifolia
FLAT-LEAVED VANILLA
IRIDACEAE
IRIS FAMILY
66 GENERA AND ±2244 SPECIES
Crocosmia aurea
FALLING STARS; VALENTINE FLOWERS
Dietes iridioides
AFRICAN IRIS; FORTNIGHT LILY
Gladiolus spp. and Cultivars
GLADIOLUS
Iris spp. and Hybrids
IRIS, FLEUR-DE-LIS
Neomarica caerulea
BRAZILIAN IRIS; WALKING IRIS; APOSTLE PLANT
ADDITIONAL GENERA
ASPHODELACEAE
ASPHODEL FAMILY
40 GENERA AND 900 SPECIES
Aloë spp.
ALOE
Dianella tasmanica
TASMANIAN FLAX LILY
Eremurus robustus
FOXTAIL LILY; DESERT CANDLE
Gasteria spp.
OX TONGUE; COW TONGUE
Haworthia angustifolia
ZEBRA HAWORTHIA
Hemerocallis fulva
DAYLILY, TAWNY LILY, LEMON LILY
Kniphofia uvaria
RED-HOT POKER
Phormium tenax
NEW ZEALAND FLAX
Xanthorrhoea johnsonii
JOHNSON’S GRASS TREE
ADDITIONAL GENERA
AMARYLLIDACEAE
AMARYLLIS FAMILY
80 GENERA AND 2165 SPECIES
Agapanthus praecox
AGAPANTHUS; LILY OF THE NILE
Allium spp.
ONIONS
Clivia miniata
KAFFIR LILY; NATAL LILY
Crinum spp.
CRINUM LILY, SPIDER LILY
Cyrtanthus elatus
GEORGE LILY; SCARBOROUGH LILY
Eucharis amazonica
AMAZON LILY; EUCHARIST LILY
Hippeastrum Hybrids and Cultivars
“AMARYLLIS”
Lycoris radiata
SPIDER LILY; HURRICANE LILY
Narcissus Species, Hybrids, and Cultivars
DAFFODIL, JONQUIL
Scadoxus multiflorus
AFRICAN BLOOD LILY, FIREBALL LILY
Tulbaghia violacea
SOCIETY GARLIC
Zephyranthes spp.
RAIN LILY, ZEPHYR LILY
ADDITIONAL GENERA
ASPARAGACEAE
ASPARAGUS FAMILY
143 GENERA AND ±3632 SPECIES
Agave americana
CENTURY PLANT
Agave tuberosa
TUBEROSE
Agave vivipara
CARIBBEAN AGAVE
Agave vilmoriniana
OCTOPUS AGAVE
Asparagus spp.
ASPARAGUS FERN
Aspidistra elatior
CAST IRON PLANT
Beaucarnea recurvata
PONYTAIL PALM; BOTTLE PALM
Chlorophytum comosum
SPIDER PLANT
Cordyline fruticosa
TI PLANT
Dracaena draco
CANARY ISLANDS DRAGON TREE
Dracaena marginata
MADAGASCAR DRAGON TREE
Dracaena reflexa
SONG OF INDIA
Dracaena fragrans
CORN PLANT
Dracaenia trifasciata
SNAKE PLANT; MOTHER-IN-LAW’S TONGUE
Hosta spp.
PLANTAIN LILIES; HOSTAS
Hyacinthus orientalis
HYACINTH
Lachenalia aloides
OPAL FLOWER; CAPE COWSLIP
Ledebouria socialis
SILVER SQUILL; WOOD HYACINTH; LEOPARD LILY
Liriope muscari
LILYTURF, MONKEY GRASS, LIRIOPE
Ornithogalum dubium
SUN STAR, STAR OF BETHLEHAM
Maianthemum racemosum
FALSE SPIKENARD; FEATHERY FALSE SOLLOMON’S SEAL
Ophiopogon japonicus
MONDO GRASS, DWARF LILYTURF
Ruscus aculeatus
BATCHLOR’S BROOM
Scilla luciliae
GLORY-OF-THE-SNOW, LUCILES’S GLORY-OF-THE-SNOW
Yucca aloifolia
SPANISH BAYONET
Yucca filifera
TREE YUCCA; ST. PETER’S PALM
Yucca gigantea
SPINELESS YUCCA
ADDITIONAL GENERA
ARECACEAE (= PALMAE)
PALM FAMILY
195 GENERA AND ±2400 SPECIES
IMPORTANT PALM CHARACTERISTICS
Acoelorrhaphe wrightii
PAUROTIS PALM, SAW CABBAGE PALM, EVERGLADE PALM
Adonidia merrillii
CHRISTMAS PALM, MANILA PALM
Allagoptera arenaria
SEASHORE PALM
Bismarckia nobilis
BISMARK PALM
Butia odorata
PINDO PALM, JELLY PALM
Caryota mitis
BURMESE FISHTAIL PALM, CLUSTERING FISHTAIL PALM
Chamaedorea elegans
NEANTHE BELLA, PARLOR PALM
Chamaedorea seifrizii
REED PALM
Chamaedorea costaricana
COSTA RICAN BAMBOO PALM
Chamaerops humilis
EUROPEAN FAN PALM; DWARF FAN PALM
Chambeyronia macrocarpa
FLAME THROWER PALM; RED FEATHER PALM, BLUSHING PALM
Coccothrinax argentata
FLORIDA SILVER PALM
Coccothrinax crinita
OLDMAN PALM; MAT PALM; THATCH PALM
Cocos nucifera
COCONUT PALM
Copernicia baileyana
BAILEY FAN PALM
Copernicia macroglossa
CUBAN PETTICOAT PALM
Cyrtostachys renda
SEALING WAX PALM; LIPSTICK PALM
Dypsis lutescens
YELLOW BUTTERFLY PALM; GOLDEN CANE PALM
Hemithrinax ekmaniana
JUMAGUA PALM, LOLLIPOP PALM
Hyophorbe verschaffeltii
SPINDLE PALM
Hyphaene thebaica
DOUM PALM; GINGERBREAD TREE
Johannesteijsmannia altifrons
JOEY PALM; DIAMOND JOEY
Kerriodoxa elegans
WHITE ELEPHANT PALM; KING THAI PALM
Latania loddigesii
LATAN PALMS
Licuala grandis
RUFFLED FAN PALM; VANUATU FAN PALM
Livistona chinensis
CHINESE FAN PALM
Phoenix canariensis
CANARY ISLAND DATE PALM
Phoenix reclinata
SENEGAL DATE PALM
Phoenix roebelenii
PYGMY DATE PALM, MINIATURE DATE PALM
Pritchardia hillebrandii
MOLOKAI FAN PALM; HAWAIAN FAN PALM; LOULU LELO
Pseudophoenix vinifera
CHERRY PALM, WINDE PALM
Ptychosperma macarthurii
MACARTHUR PALM, MACURTHUR FEATHER PALM, CLUSTER PALM
Rhapidophyllum hystrix
NEEDLE PALM
Rhapis excelsa
LADY PALM
Roystonea regia
ROYAL PALM, CARIBBEAN ROYAL PALM; FLORIDA ROYAL PALM
Sabal palmetto
CABBAGE PALM
Salacca magnifica
SALAK PALM
Serenoa repens
SAW PALMETTO
Syagrus cearensis
COCO-BABÃO; CATOLÉ
Syagrus romanzoffiana
QUEEN PALM
Trachycarpus fortunei
WINDMILL PALM; CHUSAN PALM
Washingtonia robusta
MEXICAN WASHINGTON PALM, MEXICAN FAN PALM
Wodyetia bifurcata
FOXTAIL PALM
ADDITIONAL GENERA
COMMELINACEAE
SPIDERWORT FAMILY
41 GENERA And ±730 SPECIES
Palisota barteri
PALISOTA
Tradescantia pallida
PURPLE SECRETIA; PURPLE HEART, PURPLE QUEEN
Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina
WANDERING JEW
Tradescantia spathacea
OYSTER PLANT, MOSES IN THE CRADLE
ADDITIONAL GENERA
STRELITZIACEAE
BIRD OF PARADISE FAMILY
Ravenala madagascariensis
MADAGASCAR TRAVELLER’S TREE; TRAVELLER’S PALM
Strelitzia nicolai
GIANT BIRD OF PARADISE; WHITE BIRD OF PARADISE
Strelitzia reginae
BIRD OF PARADISE; CRANE FLOWER
HELICONIACEAE
HELECONIA FAMILY
1 GENUS AND ±200 SPECIES
Heliconia angusta
CHRISTMAS HELICONIA
Heliconia caribaea
CARIBBEAN HELECONIA; HELECONIA LOBSTER CLAW
Heliconia chartacea
PINK FLAMINGO HELECONIA
Heliconia lingulate
FALSE BIRD OF PARADISE, YELLOW FAN
Heliconia pogonantha
POGONANTHA
Heliconia psittacorum
PARAKEET FLOWER; PARROT’S FLOWER
Heliconia rostrata
HANGING LOBSTER CLAW; FALSE BIRD OF PARADISE
Heliconia vellerigera
FURRY HELICONIA; KING KONG HELICONIA
MUSACEAE
BANANA FAMILY
3 GENERA AND ±80 SPECIES
Ensete spp.
ABYSSINIAN BANANA; FALSE BANANA, ENSET
Musa spp.
BANANA; PLANTAIN
CANNACEAE
CANNA FAMILY
1 GENUS (Canna), 12 (10) SPECIES
Canna × generalis
CANNA
MARANTACEAE
ARROWROOT FAMILY; PRAYER-PLANT FAMILY
27 (29) GENERA AND ABOUT 555 (627) SPECIES
Calathea crocata
ETERNAL FLAME
Calathea crotalifera
RATTLESNAKE PLANT
Calathea ornata
PIN-STRIPED PLANT
Maranta leuconeura
PRAYER PLANT
ADDITIONAL GENUS
COSTACEAE
COSTUS FAMILY
7 GENERA AND 140 SPECIES
Costus comosus
SPIRAL GINGER; RED FLOWER GINGER
Costus stenophyllus
BAMBOO COSTUS; BAMBOO GINGER; SNAKE GINGER
Costus woodsonii
RED BUTTON GINGER; INDIAN HEAD GINGER
Tapeinochilos ananassae
INDONESIAN WAX GINGER, RED WAX GINGER, PINEAPPLE GINGER
ADDITIONAL GENUS
ZINGIBERACEAE
GINGER FAMILY
50 GENERA AND 1548 SPECIES
Alpinia calcarata
SNAP GINGER
Alpinia purpurata
RED GINGER; OSTRICH PLUME
Alpinia zerumbet
SHELL GINGER; SHELL FLOWER; VARIAGATED GINGER
Etlingera elatior
RED TORCH GINGER; PHILIPPINE WAX FLOWER
Globba globulifera
PURPLE GLOBE GINGER, DANCING LADY GINGER
Hedychium Species and Cultivars
Hedychium coronarium
Hedychium longicornutum
HORNBILL GINGER
Renealmia alpinia
SWEET LEAF; HONEY LEAF
Zingiber zerumbet
PINE CONE LILY, WILD GINGER
ADDITIONAL GENERA
HAEMODORACEAE
BLOODWORT FAMILY
14 GENERA AND ±100 SPECIES
Anigozanthos spp.
KANGAROO PAW; CATSPAW; AUSTRALIAN SWORD LILY
BROMELIACEAE
PINEAPPLE FAMILY
51 GENERA AND 3475 SPECIES
Aechmea fasciata
SILVER VASE
Aechmea blanchetiana
BLANCHET BROMELIAD
Aechmea gamosepala
MATCH STICK PLANT; GAMOS BROMELIAD
Aechmea mariae-reginae
QUEEN AECHMEA
Ananas comosus
PINEAPPLE
Billbergia nutans
QUEEN’S TEARS, FRIENDSHIP PLANT
Cryptanthus bivittatus
EARTH STAR
Guzmania lingulata
GUZMANIA, SCARLET STAR
Hechtia spp.
Hohenbergia stellata
HOHENBERGIA
Neoregelia spectabilis
PAINTED FINGERNAIL BROMELIAD
Tillandsia guatemalensis
PINK QUILL
Tillandsia usneoides
SPANISH MOSS
Vriesea spp. and Cultivars
VRIESEA
ADDITIONAL TAXA
CYPERACEAE
SEDGE FAMILY
113 GENERA AND ±6000 SPECIES
Cyperus alternifolius
UMBRELLA SEDGE, UMBRELLA PALM
POACEAE (= GRAMINEAE)
GRASS FAMILY
ABOUT 650 GENERA AND 9000 SPECIES
Bambusa textilis
TEXTILE BAMBOO; WEAVER’S BAMBOO
Bambusa ventricosa
BUDDHA’S BELLY BAMBOO
Bambusa vulgaris
COMMON BAMBOO; GOLDEN BAMBOO
Cortaderia selloana
PAMPAS GRASS
Cynodon dactylon
BERMUDA GRASS
Eremochloa ophiuroides
CENTIPEDE GRASS
Gigantochloa atroviolacea
TROPICAL BLACK BAMBOO; TIMOR BLACK BAMBOO
Hakonechloa macra ‘Aureola’
GOLDEN HAKONE GRASS
Paspalum notatum
BAHIA GRASS
Pennisetum alopecuroides
FOUNTAIN GRASS
Pennisetum × advena ‘Sky Rocket’
SKY ROCKET FOUNTAIN GRASS; VARIAGATED GREEN FOUNTAIN GRASS
Stenotaphrum secundatum
ST. AUGUSTINE GRASS
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Glossary
References
References for Glossary
Index
