Fundamentals of Fire Protection for the Safety Professional provides safety managers with a guide for incorporating fire hazard awareness and protection into their safety management plans.
Industrial fires pose one of the greatest threats to organizations in terms of financial, human, and property losses. Understanding fire safety basics, the physics of fire, and the properties and classes of common hazards is key to designing fire safety management programs that not only protect an organization’s assets but also ensure the safe evacuation of all involved.
Fundamentals of Fire Protection for the Safety Professional takes an in-depth look at fire hazards in the workplace—from the substances required to do business to the building construction itself—and provides practical fire safety principles that can be applied in any work environment. Readers will learn how to develop emergency action plans and fire prevention plans, implement effective alarm and detection systems and fire extinguishment systems, and develop a comprehensive fire program management plan that is in compliance with Federal Emergency Management Agency, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, and National Fire Protection Association standards.
Each chapter includes a chapter summary and sample problems, making this an ideal training tool in the workplace or the classroom. Answers to chapter questions and a comprehensive glossary and index are provided at the end of the book.
Author(s): Don Philpott
Edition: 3
Publisher: Bernan Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 420
City: Lanham
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Industrial Fire Protection
Fire Protection and Fire Prevention
Wildfires
The Threat
Planning
Impacts
Mitigation
Importance of Fire Safety
Historical Major Fire Losses in the United States
Trends in Fires in the United States
Economic Impact of Industrial Fires in the United States
International Fire Experience
The Industrial Fire Experience in the United States
Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Fire Safety
Sources of Information
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
National Fire Protection Association
United States Fire Administration
Summary
Chapter Questions
References
Chapter 2: Chemistry and Physics of Fire
Fire Tetrahedron
Combustion
Unique Combustion Phenomena
Heat versus Temperature
Heat of Combustion
Heat Transfer
Sources of Heat
Physics of Combustion
Fire Hazards of Materials
Wood
Masonry/Stone
Metals
Gypsum
Synthetic Materials
Textiles
Hazardous Materials
Sources of Information on Hazardous Materials
Chapter Questions
References
Chapter 3: Common and Special Hazards
Electricity as an Ignition Source
Human Error in Electrical Fires
Hazardous Locations and the National Electrical Code
Class I Locations
Class II Locations
Class III Locations
Defining Hazardous Locations
Safe Design of Electrical Equipment
Class I Electrical Equipment Requirements
Class II Electrical Equipment Requirements
Class III Electrical Equipment Requirements
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories
Flammable Liquids and Combustible Liquids
Classification Systems for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
NFPA Classification System
Globally Harmonized System
GHS Categories of Flammable Liquids
Upper and Lower Explosive Limits
OSHA’s Requirements for Flammable and Combustible Liquid Storage and Handling
Containers and Portable Tanks
Transferring Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Storage Cabinets
Inside Storage Rooms
Storage Tanks
Outside Aboveground Tanks
Underground Tanks
Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading
Workplace Practices
Controlling Sources of Ignition
Maintenance and Repairs
Housekeeping
Hydrogen
Liquefied Hydrogen Systems
Acetylene
Oxygen
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Tank Car and Truck Loading or Unloading
Chapter Questions
References
Chapter 4: Mechanical and Chemical Explosions
Anatomy of an Explosion
Explosives and Blasting Agents
Labels and Placards
Explosives Handling and Storage Procedures
Transporting Explosives
Use of Explosives and Blasting Agents
Oxidizing Agents
Ammonium Nitrate
Storage of Ammonium Nitrate
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosions
Derailment of Toledo, Peoria, and Western Railroad Company’s Train No. 20, Crescent City, Illinois
Dust Explosions
Cylinder Failures
Boilers and Unfired Pressure Vessels
Boiler Maintenance
Chapter Questions
References
Chapter 5: Building Construction
Basic Terminology
Structural Elements
Characteristics of Building Materials
Steel
Wood
Masonry and Brick
Reinforced Concrete
Gypsum
Fire Resistance Ratings
Major Types of Building Construction
Fire Protection Features
Fire Spread
Protection of Openings in Fire Walls
Impact of Ventilation on Building Fires and Smoke Movement
Interior Finish
Building Contents
Fire Loading
Occupancy and Commodity Classifications
Unique Risks for Fire in High-Rise Buildings
Building Codes
International Building Code
Chapter Questions
REFERENCES
Chapter 6: Life Safety in Buildings
Loss of Life in Buildings
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Station Night Club Fire
Human Behavior During Emergencies
Origin and Development of Life Safety Codes and Regulations
Building Occupancies and Life Safety
General Requirements for Means of Egress
Exit Access
Exit
Exit Discharge
Capacity of Means of Egress
Detection, Alarm, and Communications Systems
Building Services
Emergency Action Plans
Maintenance of Means of Egress
Chapter Questions
References
Chapter 7: Hazardous Processes
Processes Involving Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Electrostatic Spray Operations
Spray Booths
Sources of Ignition
Ventilation
Flammable and Combustible Liquids: Storage and Handling
Fire Protection
Operations and Maintenance
Drying, Curing, and Fusion Apparatuses
Aerated Powder Coating Operations
Electrostatic Fluidized Beds
Dip Tanks and Coating Operations
Design and Construction of Dipping and Coating Equipment and Systems
Overflow Prevention
Liquid Level Control
Control of Liquid Temperature
Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition
Ventilation
Storage, Handling, and Distribution of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Liquid Piping Systems
Fire Protection
Operations and Maintenance
Inspection and Testing
Training
Chapter Questions
References
Chapter 8: Alarm and Detection Systems
NFPA 72 Classifications for Fire Alarm Systems
Power Supplies for Alarm Systems
Initiating Devices
Basic Considerations for Installation
Selection of Initiating Devices
Heat-Sensing Fire Detectors
Location of Heat-Sensing Fire Detectors: Spot Versus Line Devices
Smoke-Sensing Fire Detectors
Location and Spacing of Smoke Detectors
Radiant-Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors
Location and Spacing of Radiant-Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors
Sprinkler Water Flow Alarm-Initiating Devices
Signal Annunciation
Notification Devices
Audible and Visible Criteria of Notification Devices
Reporting Systems
Public Fire Alarm Systems
Central Station Fire Alarm Systems
Proprietary Supervising Station Systems
Remote Supervising Station Fire Alarm Systems
Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Alarm Systems
Chapter Questions
References
Chapter 9: Fire Extinguishment
Classifications of Fires
Extinguishing Agents
Water
Water Use on Special Hazards
Carbon Dioxide
Halogenated Extinguishing Agents
Dry Chemical Extinguishing Agents
Wet Chemical Extinguishing Agents
Foam Extinguishing Agents
Combustible Metal Extinguishing Agents
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Labeling
Fire Extinguisher Rating Systems
Fire Extinguisher Use in the Workplace
Fire Extinguisher Distribution and Mounting
Maintenance, Inspection, and Testing
Training
Water-Based Sprinkler Systems
Impact of Sprinkler Systems on Fires
Types of Sprinkler Systems
Sprinkler System Components
Water Supply and Distribution
Sprinkler Piping
Sprinkler System Valves
Water Flow Alarms and Supervisory Initiating Devices
Sprinkler Heads
Fire Department Connections
Sprinkler-System Inspections
Fire Hydrants
Standpipe and Hose Systems
Chapter Questions
References
Chapter 10: Fire Program Management
Introduction
Hazard Identification
Quantification of Risk
Fire Protection and Prevention Strategies
Measurement of the Effectiveness of Fire Strategies
Emergency-Response Plans
Federal Regulations Related to Emergency Response
FEMA
OSHA
OSHA Employee Emergency Plans and Fire Prevention Plans: 29 C.F.R. § 1910.38
OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response: 29 C.F.R. § 1910.120
OSHA Chemical Process Safety Management: 29 C.F.R. § 1910.119
OSHA Fire Brigades: 29 C.F.R. § 1910.156
EPA
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Title III Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
NFPA 1600: Recommended Practice for Emergency Management
Planning an Emergency-Response Strategy
Developing the Written Emergency-Response Plan
Emergency Medical Care
Training
Personal Protective Equipment
Media Control
Recovery After an Emergency
Investigation of Emergency Incidents
Maintenance of Fire Protection Systems
Fire Inspections
Hot Work Permit Programs
Chapter Questions
References
Chapter 11: Creating a Comprehensive Emergency and Evacuation Plan
Action Plan and Evacuation
What Does It Do?
What Does It Contain?
The Emergency Management Team
Identifying Team Members and Responsibilities
Internal and External Support
Identifying Vendors and Contractors
Emergency Floor Plans
Critical Building Information
Fire Extinguishers and Means of Egress
Fire Suppression Systems
Preplanning and the Urban Search and Rescue Grid
Alarm Systems
Understanding Your System
Regular Testing
The Command Center
Off-site Data Storage
Lack of Electricity Does Not Mean “Go Home”
Eight Steps to Creating the Finished Emergency Action Plan
Reviewing the Emergency Action Plan Annually
Training, Drills, and Evacuations
Training the Emergency Action Team
Revising the Emergency Action Plan
Training the Employees
Floor Captains and Fire Brigades
Shut Down Procedures in an Evacuation
Assisting Those with Special Needs in an Evacuation
Use of Elevators for Exit
Evacuation Assistance Devices
Areas of Refuge
The Evacuation Staging Area
Accounting for Employees and Visitors
The Chain of Command in an Evacuation
Fire Brigade
Floor Captains
Group Leader
Runner
Command Post Leader
Those Who Refuse to Participate in Evacuation Drills
The Reentry Process after an Evacuation
After the Drill: Evaluating Performance
Post-Event Restoration
Activating the Emergency Response Team
Post-Event Access
Assessing the Damage
Insurance and Salvage Decisions
The Restoration Phase
Logistics
Do Not Forget about Safety
Monitoring Restoration Progress
Keeping the Lines of Communication Open
Communication with Employees
Communication with Families
Communication with Insurance Providers
Communication with Government Agencies
Communication with Customers and Stakeholders
Reference
Appendix: Building Design Guidelines for Emergency Mitigation
Identifying Threats
Risk Assessment
Building and Site Mitigation
Interior: Limited Access
Interior: Public Access
Point of Entry
Exterior: Building Perimeter
Exterior: Parking and Other Off-site Areas
Exterior: Neighbors
Structures
Windows and Doors: The Weakest Link
Exterior Frame
Roof System
Floor System
Interior Columns
Interior Walls
Structural
Exterior Wall/Cladding Design
Mechanical and Electrical Systems
Emergency Egress Routes
Emergency Power System
Ventilation Systems
Fire Control Center
Emergency Elevators
Smoke, Fire Detection, and Alarm Systems
Sprinkler/Standpipe System
Smoke-Control Systems
Communication System
Protective Bollards, Planters, and Green Space
Virtual Reality Software and Related Technology
Post-failure Analysis
Mitigation Assessment Team Program
Glossary
Index
