Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering combines aspects of engineering seismology, structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering to assemble the vital components required for a deep understanding of response of structures to earthquake ground motion, from the seismic source to the evaluation of actions and deformation required for design.The nature of earthquake risk assessment is inherently multi-disciplinary. Whereas Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering addresses only structural safety assessment and design, the problem is cast in its appropriate context by relating structural damage states to societal consequences and expectations, through the fundamental response quantities of stiffness, strength and ductility. The book is designed to support graduate teaching and learning, introduce practicing structural and geotechnical engineers to earthquake analysis and design problems, as well as being a reference book for further studies.Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering includes material on the nature of earthquake sources and mechanisms, various methods for the characterization of earthquake input motion, damage observed in reconnaissance missions, modeling of structures for the purposes of response simulation, definition of performance limit states, structural and architectural systems for optimal seismic response, and action and deformation quantities suitable for design. The accompanying website at www.wiley.com/go/elnashai contains a comprehensive set of slides illustrating the chapters and appendices. A set of problems with solutions and worked-through examples is available from the Wley Editorial team.The book, slides and problem set constitute a tried and tested system for a single-semester graduate course. The approach taken avoids tying the book to a specific regional seismic design code of practice and ensures its global appeal to graduate students and practicing engineers.
Author(s): Amr Elnashai, Luigi Di Sarno
Edition: 1
Year: 2008
Language: English
Pages: 366
Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering......Page 2
Contents......Page 8
About the Authors......Page 12
Foreword......Page 14
Preface and Acknowledgements......Page 16
Introduction......Page 18
Abbreviations......Page 22
Symbols......Page 24
1.1.1 Plate Tectonics Theory......Page 28
1.1.2 Faulting......Page 33
1.1.3 Seismic Waves......Page 36
1.2 Measuring Earthquakes......Page 41
1.2.1 Intensity......Page 42
1.2.2 Magnitude......Page 45
1.2.3 Intensity – Magnitude Relationships......Page 51
1.3 Source - to - Site Effects......Page 52
1.3.1 Directional Effects......Page 53
1.3.2 Site Effects......Page 54
1.3.3 Dispersion and Incoherence......Page 57
1.4 Effects of Earthquakes......Page 59
1.4.1 Damage to Buildings and Lifelines......Page 61
1.4.2 Effects on the Ground......Page 63
1.4.3 Human and Financial Losses......Page 67
References......Page 71
2.2.1 Definitions......Page 74
2.2.2 Strength - versus Ductility - Based Response......Page 75
2.2.3 Member - versus System - Level Consideration......Page 76
2.2.4 Nature of Seismic Effects......Page 78
2.2.5 Fundamental Response Quantities......Page 80
2.2.6 Social and Economic Limit States......Page 81
2.3.1 Stiffness......Page 83
2.3.2 Strength......Page 100
2.3.3 Ductility......Page 112
2.3.4 Overstrength......Page 128
2.3.5 Damping......Page 133
2.3.6 Relationship between Strength, Overstrength and Ductility: Force Reduction Factor ‘ Supply ’......Page 138
References......Page 142
3.2 Earthquake Occurrence and Return Period......Page 146
3.3 Ground - Motion Models (Attenuation Relationships)......Page 149
3.3.1 Features of Strong - Motion Data for Attenuation Relationships......Page 151
3.3.2 Attenuation Relationship for Europe......Page 152
3.3.3 Attenuation Relationship for Japan......Page 153
3.3.4 Attenuation Relationships for North America......Page 154
3.3.5 Worldwide Attenuation Relationships......Page 155
3.4.1 Factors Influencing Response Spectra......Page 156
3.4.2 Elastic and Inelastic Spectra......Page 157
3.4.3 Simplified Spectra......Page 164
3.4.4 Force Reduction Factors (Demand)......Page 171
3.4.5 Design Spectra......Page 177
3.4.6 Vertical Component of Ground Motion......Page 179
3.4.7 Vertical Motion Spectra......Page 180
3.5.1 Natural Records......Page 182
3.5.2 Artificial Records......Page 186
3.5.3 Records Based on Mathematical Formulations......Page 187
3.5.4 Scaling of Earthquake Records......Page 188
3.6 Duration and Number of Cycles of Earthquake Ground Motions......Page 195
3.7 Use of Earthquake Databases......Page 200
3.8 Software for Deriving Spectra and Generation of Ground - Motion Records......Page 201
3.8.1 Derivation of Earthquake Spectra......Page 202
3.8.2 Generation of Ground - Motion Records......Page 205
References......Page 206
4.2 Conceptual Framework......Page 212
4.3 Ground Motion and Load Modelling......Page 213
4.4 Seismic Load Combinations......Page 216
4.5 Structural Modelling......Page 218
4.5.1 Materials......Page 221
4.5.2 Sections......Page 227
4.5.3 Components and Systems for Structural Modelling......Page 230
4.5.4 Masses......Page 244
4.6 Methods of Analysis......Page 247
4.6.1 Dynamic Analysis......Page 249
4.6.2 Static Analysis......Page 259
4.6.3 Simplified Code Method......Page 266
4.7 Performance Levels and Objectives......Page 271
4.8 Output for Assessment......Page 276
4.8.1 Actions......Page 277
4.8.2 Deformations......Page 278
4.9 Concluding Remarks......Page 284
References......Page 285
Appendix A Structural Configurations and Systems for Effective Earthquake Resistance......Page 290
Appendix B Damage to Structures......Page 318
Index......Page 364
