New edition brings classic text up to date with the latest science, techniques, and applicationsWith its balanced presentation of polymer chemistry, physics, and engineering applications, the Third Edition of this classic text continues to instill readers with a solid understanding of the core concepts underlying polymeric materials. Both students and instructors have praised the text for its clear explanations and logical organization. It begins with molecular-level considerations and then progressively builds the reader's knowledge with discussions of bulk properties, mechanical behavior, and processing methods.Following a brief introduction, Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials is divided into four parts:Part 1: Polymer FundamentalsPart 2: Polymer SynthesisPart 3: Polymer PropertiesPart 4: Polymer Processing and PerformanceThoroughly Updated and RevisedReaders familiar with the previous edition of this text will find that the organization and style have been updated with new material to help them grasp key concepts and discover the latest science, techniques, and applications. For example, there are new introductory sections on organic functional groups focusing on the structures found in condensation polymerizations. The text also features new techniques for polymer analysis, processing, and microencapsulation as well as emerging techniques such as atom transfer radical polymerization.At the end of each chapter are problems—including many that are new to this edition—to test the reader's grasp of core concepts as they advance through the text. There are also references leading to the primary literature for further investigation of individual topics.A classic in its field, this text enables students in chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science, and mechanical engineering to fully grasp and apply the fundamentals of polymeric materials, preparing them for more advanced coursework.
Author(s): Christopher S. Brazel, Stephen L. Rosen
Edition: 3
Publisher: Wiley
Year: 2012
Language: English
Pages: 432
Tags: Химия и химическая промышленность;Высокомолекулярные соединения;
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 15
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION......Page 17
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 19
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 21
References......Page 27
PART I. POLYMER FUNDAMENTALS......Page 29
2.1 Reaction to Temperature......Page 31
2.2 Chemistry of Synthesis......Page 32
2.3 Structure......Page 39
Problems......Page 50
Reference......Page 54
3.2 Bond Distances and Strengths......Page 55
3.3 Bonding and Response to Temperature......Page 57
3.4 Action of Solvents......Page 58
3.5 Bonding and Molecular Structure......Page 59
3.6 Stereoisomerism in Vinyl Polymers......Page 60
3.7 Stereoisomerism in Diene Polymers......Page 62
Problems......Page 64
References......Page 65
4 POLYMER MORPHOLOGY......Page 66
4.1 Amorphous and Crystalline Polymers......Page 67
4.2 The Effect of Polymer Structure, Temperature, and Solvent on Crystallinity......Page 68
4.3 The Effect of Crystallinity on Polymer Density......Page 69
4.4 The Effect of Crystallinity on Mechanical Properties......Page 70
4.5 The Effect of Crystallinity on Optical Properties......Page 71
4.6 Models for the Crystalline Structure of Polymers......Page 73
4.7 Extended Chain Crystals......Page 76
4.8 Liquid Crystal Polymers......Page 77
Problems......Page 79
References......Page 80
5.1 Introduction......Page 81
5.2 Average Molecular Weights......Page 82
5.3 Determination of Average Molecular Weights......Page 86
5.4 Molecular Weight Distributions......Page 95
5.5 Gel Permeation (or Size-Exclusion) Chromatography (GPC, SEC)......Page 99
5.6 Summary......Page 105
Problems......Page 106
References......Page 109
6.2 The Glass Transition......Page 111
6.4 Determination of Tg......Page 112
6.5 Factors that Influence Tg......Page 115
6.7 The Thermodynamics of Melting......Page 117
6.8 The Metastable Amorphous State......Page 120
6.9 The Influence of Copolymerization on Thermal Properties......Page 121
6.10 Effect of Additives on Thermal Properties......Page 122
6.13 Thermal Degradation of Polymers......Page 123
Problems......Page 124
References......Page 126
7.2 General Rules for Polymer Solubility......Page 127
7.3 Typical Phase Behavior in Polymer–Solvent Systems......Page 129
7.4 The Thermodynamic Basis of Polymer Solubility......Page 130
7.5 The Solubility Parameter......Page 132
7.6 Hansen’s Three-Dimensional Solubility Parameter......Page 134
7.7 The Flory–Huggins Theory......Page 136
7.8 Properties of Dilute Solutions......Page 138
7.10 Polymer Solutions, Suspensions, and Emulsions......Page 141
7.11 Concentrated Solutions: Plasticizers......Page 142
Problems......Page 144
References......Page 146
PART II. POLYMER SYNTHESIS......Page 149
8.1 Introduction......Page 151
8.2 Statistics of Linear Step-Growth Polymerization......Page 152
8.3 Number-Average Chain Lengths......Page 153
8.4 Chain Lengths on a Weight Basis......Page 156
8.5 Gel Formation......Page 157
8.6 Kinetics of Polycondensation......Page 162
Problems......Page 163
References......Page 165
9.1 Introduction......Page 166
9.2 Mechanism of Polymerization......Page 167
9.3 Gelation in Addition Polymerization......Page 168
9.4 Kinetics of Homogeneous Polymerization......Page 169
9.5 Instantaneous Average Chain Lengths......Page 173
9.6 Temperature Dependence of Rate and Chain Length......Page 175
9.7 Chain Transfer and Reaction Inhibitors......Page 177
9.8 Instantaneous Distributions in Free-Radical Addition Polymerization......Page 180
9.9 Instantaneous Quantities......Page 185
9.10 Cumulative Quantities......Page 186
9.11 Relations Between Instantaneous and Cumulative Average Chain Lengths for a Batch Reactor......Page 189
9.12 Emulsion Polymerization......Page 193
9.13 Kinetics of Emulsion Polymerization in Stage II, Case 2......Page 196
Problems......Page 200
References......Page 203
10.2 Cationic Polymerization......Page 205
10.3 Anionic Polymerization......Page 206
10.4 Kinetics of Anionic Polymerization......Page 212
10.5 Group-Transfer Polymerization......Page 214
10.6 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization......Page 215
10.7 Heterogeneous Stereospecific Polymerization......Page 216
10.8 Grafted Polymer Surfaces......Page 222
Problems......Page 223
References......Page 225
11.2 Mechanism......Page 227
11.3 Significance of Reactivity Ratios......Page 229
11.4 Variation of Composition with Conversion......Page 230
11.6 Penultimate Effects and Charge-Transfer Complexes......Page 236
Problems......Page 237
References......Page 239
12.2 Bulk Polymerization......Page 240
12.3 Gas-Phase Olefin Polymerization......Page 245
12.4 Solution Polymerization......Page 246
12.5 Interfacial Polycondensation......Page 248
12.6 Suspension Polymerization......Page 249
12.7 Emulsion Polymerization......Page 252
Problems......Page 254
References......Page 255
PART III. POLYMER PROPERTIES......Page 257
13.2 Thermodynamics of Elasticity......Page 259
13.3 Statistics of Ideal Rubber Elasticity......Page 266
Problems......Page 268
References......Page 269
14.1 Introduction......Page 270
14.2 Basic Definitions......Page 271
14.3 Relations Between Shear Force and Shear Rate: Flow Curves......Page 272
14.4 Time-Dependent Flow Behavior......Page 274
14.5 Polymer Melts and Solutions......Page 275
14.6 Quantitative Representation of Flow Behavior......Page 276
14.7 Temperature Dependence of Flow Properties......Page 279
14.8 Influence of Molecular Weight on Flow Properties......Page 282
14.9 The Effects of Pressure on Viscosity......Page 283
14.10 Viscous Energy Dissipation......Page 284
14.11 Poiseuille Flow......Page 285
14.12 Turbulent Flow......Page 288
14.13 Drag Reduction......Page 289
Problems......Page 291
References......Page 294
15.1 Introduction......Page 296
15.2 Mechanical Models for Linear Viscoelastic Response......Page 11
15.3 The Four-Parameter Model and Molecular Response......Page 305
15.4 Viscous or Elastic Response? The Deborah Number......Page 308
15.5 Quantitative Approaches to Model Viscoelasticity......Page 309
15.6 The Boltzmann Superposition Principle......Page 313
15.7 Dynamic Mechanical Testing......Page 317
Problems......Page 324
References......Page 327
16.2 Mechanical Properties of Polymers......Page 328
16.3 Axial Tensiometers......Page 329
16.4 Viscosity Measurement......Page 331
16.5 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: Techniques......Page 336
16.6 Time–Temperature Superposition......Page 343
Problems......Page 349
References......Page 352
PART IV. POLYMER PROCESSING AND PERFORMANCE......Page 355
17.2 Molding......Page 357
17.3 Extrusion......Page 364
17.4 Blow Molding......Page 367
17.5 Rotational, Fluidized-Bed, and Slush Molding......Page 368
17.6 Calendering......Page 369
17.7 Sheet Forming (Thermoforming)......Page 370
17.10 Casting......Page 371
17.11 Reinforced Thermoset Molding......Page 372
17.12 Fiber Spinning......Page 373
17.13 Compounding......Page 12
17.15 Three-Dimensional (Rapid) Prototyping......Page 378
Problems......Page 379
References......Page 380
18.2 Plastics......Page 381
18.3 Mechanical Properties of Plastics......Page 382
18.4 Contents of Plastic Compounds......Page 383
18.5 Sheet Molding Compound for Plastics......Page 391
18.6 Plastics Recycling......Page 393
References......Page 394
19.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers......Page 395
19.3 Contents of Rubber Compounds......Page 396
References......Page 399
20.2 Fiber Processing......Page 400
20.5 Effects of Heat and Moisture on Polymer Fibers......Page 401
21.1 Surface Finishes......Page 403
21.2 Solventless Coatings......Page 405
21.4 Microencapsulation......Page 407
References......Page 409
22.1 Adhesives......Page 410
References......Page 414
INDEX......Page 415
