Frontiers in Aquaculture Biotechnology

Front Cover
Frontiers in Aquaculture Biotechnology
Frontiers in Aquaculture Biotechnology
Copyright
Contents
List of contributors
1 - Biotechnology in modern aquaculture: Innovations, advancements, and challenges
1. Introduction
2. Chromosome manipulations
3. Genomics in aquaculture
4. Proteomics
5. Gene editing
6. DNA barcoding
7. Fish cell and stem cell culture
8. Vaccines in aquaculture
9. Biofloc/bioremediation
10. Biobank, cell line repository, and state fish
11. Concept and declaration of State Fish
12. Conclusion
References
2 - Opportunities and challenges in aquaculture biotechnology
1. Introduction
2. Genetic engineering using gene editing tools
3. Biotechnology in fish breeding
4. Transgenesis
5. Chromosome engineering
6. Cryopreservation of gametes or gene banking
7. Optimized feed and effective health protection
8. Traceability, residue analysis, and value chain in aquaculture
9. General challenges
9.1 Genetically modified food adoption
9.2 Societal concerns
9.3 Environmental harm
9.4 Production/laboratory safety
9.5 Ethical issues
10. Other challenges
11. Conclusion
References
3 - Genetically improved aquaculture species in Bangladesh: advances and challenges
1. Introduction
2. Breeding plans and genetic stock improvement of carp species
2.1 Background information
2.2 Genetic stock improvement of rohu using mass selection and family selection techniques
2.2.1 Rohu genetic stock improvement at Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute
2.2.1.1 Origin of stocks
2.2.1.2 Development and rearing of base population
2.2.1.3 Breeding protocols and production of new generations through selection
2.2.1.4 On-station evaluation of growth performance of improved generations of rohu strains produced from selective breeding programs
2.2.2 Rohu genetic stock improvement at WorldFish, Bangladesh and South Asia
2.2.2.1 Origin of stocks from riverine sources and their maintenance
2.2.2.2 Development and rearing of base population
2.2.2.3 Breeding protocols and production of new generations through family selection
2.3 Genetic stock improvement of silver barb at Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute
2.3.1 Genetic improvement of silver barb using mass selection techniques
2.3.1.1 Development of base population derived from diallel crosses
2.3.1.2 Breeding protocol and production of further generations through individual selection or mass selection
2.3.1.3 Evaluation of growth performance of improved generations produced from mass selection
2.3.2 Genetic improvement of silver barb using family selection techniques
2.3.2.1 Breeding protocol and production of new generations through family selection
2.3.2.2 On-station evaluation of growth performance of improved generations produced from family selection
2.3.3 On-farm evaluation of genetically improved silver barb with other carps at different agroecological zones in Bangladesh
2.3.4 Stock improvement of silver barb using chromosome manipulation and sex inversion techniques
2.4 Molecular studies for population genetic structure in indigenous major carps and detection of hybridization in exotic major ...
2.4.1 Population structure study in indigenous major carps
2.4.2 Detection of hybridization using DNA microsatellite loci in Chinese major carps
3. Breeding plans and generic stock improvement of tilapia species
3.1 Background information
3.2 Genetic stock improvement of GIFT strain at Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute
3.2.1 Genetic improvement of GIFT strain using mass selection techniques
3.2.1.1 Development of base population
3.2.1.2 Further stock improvement through mass selection
3.2.1.3 On-station evaluation of growth performance of improved generations of GIFT strains produced from mass selection
3.2.2 Genetic improvement of GIFT strain using family selection techniques
3.2.2.1 Origin of founder stock, tagging, and communal rearing
3.2.2.2 Breeding protocols and production of new generations through family selection
3.2.2.3 On-station evaluation of growth performance of improved generations of GIFT strains produced from family selection
3.2.3 Maintenance of rotational breeding of genetically improved strain of GIFT strain at the outdoor TBNs
4. Impacts of genetically improved aquaculture strains in aquaculture
5. Major strategies, challenges, and way forward
5.1 Strategic guidelines
5.1.1 Institutional framework
5.1.2 R&D priorities for fish genetics and biotechnology research
5.1.3 Capacity building for fish genetics and biotechnology research
5.1.4 Dissemination strategy for improved carp breed(s)
5.2 Challenges
5.3 Way forward
6. Conclusions
References
4 - Application of molecular markers in aquaculture
1. Introduction
2. Molecular markers in aquaculture
2.1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism markers
2.2 Microsatellites
2.3 Mitochondrial DNA markers
3. Molecular markers in aquatic species
3.1 Penaeid shrimp
3.2 Labeo rohita
3.3 Asian sea bass
3.4 Atlantic Salmon
3.5 Tilapia
4. Future prospects of using DNA markers
5. Conclusions
References
5 - An update on induced breeding methods in fish aquaculture and scope for new potential techniques
1. Introduction
2. Need for induced breeding in fish aquaculture
3. Historical developments in induced breeding methods
4. Fish gonadotropins and gonadotropin-based techniques
5. Fish GnRHs and GnRH-based techniques
6. Some common inducing agents used in fish aquaculture
7. Kisspeptins and potential role as an induced breeding agent
8. Neurohypophysial peptides and potential role as inducing agents
9. Conclusions and future perspectives
10. Appendix
References
Further reading
6 - Biofloc technology in aquaculture
1. Introduction
2. Basic concepts of biofloc technology
2.1 Feed the pond, not the fish
2.2 Microbial community in the water, biofloc formation
2.3 Biofloc formation
3. Operational parameters to optimize biofloc systems
3.1 Temperature
3.2 Dissolved oxygen
3.3 Mixing intensity
3.4 Alkalinity and pH
3.5 Carbon sources
3.6 C:N ratio
4. Benefits of biofloc production systems
4.1 Reduced water use, effluents, and improved water quality
4.2 Enhanced nutrition for cultured animals
4.3 Biosecurity and disease prevention
4.4 Aquaculture product quality
5. Recent advances in biofloc research
5.1 Better food utilization in biofloc-integrated systems
5.2 Unveiling the secrets behind microbial communities
6. Perspectives
7. Conclusions
References
7 - Monosex population in aquaculture
1. Introduction
2. Sex determination in fish
2.1 Genetic sex determination in fish
2.2 Role of epigenetics in sex determination in fish
2.3 Environmental factors affecting sex differentiation
2.4 Sex reversal and the labile period
2.4.1 Monosex populations and aquaculture
3. Methods for production of monosex population
3.1 Manual sorting
3.2 Hybridization
3.3 Direct hormonal sex reversal
3.4 Sex manipulation and all-male technology (genetically male tilapia)
3.5 Chromosome set manipulation or genetic manipulation
3.5.1 Gynogenesis
3.5.2 Androgenesis
4. Current status of monosex production technology in commercially important aquaculture species
4.1 Carps
4.2 Tilapia
4.2.1 Direct hormonal sex reversal
4.2.2 Genetically male tilapia technology
4.3 Monosex in crustaceans
4.4 Other finfish species
5. Conclusion
References
Further reading
8 - Applications of cell lines and cell culture systems of finfish and shellfishes to attain sustainability in aqua ...
1. Introduction
2. Isolation and study of viral pathogens
3. Cytopathic effects
4. Primary isolation of viruses
5. Method of extraction of virus from tissue
6. The absolute requirements
7. Fish cell lines for the study of intracellular bacterial pathogens
8. Fish cell lines for virus vaccine preparation
9. Fish cell lines for developing antiviral chemotherapy
10. Fish nutrition and metabolism with respect to feed formulation
11. Aquaculture environment quality assessment for sustainable aquaculture production
12. Embryonic stem cell and transgenesis
13. Organoid culture of fish pituitary and tissue engineering
14. Crustacean cell lines
15. Molluscan cell lines
16. Conclusion
References
9 - An ocean of opportunity: challenges and opportunities for developing cultivated seafood
1. Unique advantages and challenges
1.1 Industry needs
References
Further reading
10 - Recent advances in fish disease diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccine development
1. Introduction
2. Disease problems in fish culture
3. Disease diagnostic techniques
3.1 Serological techniques
3.1.1 Agglutination test and latex agglutination test
3.1.2 Immunofluorescent assays
3.1.3 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
3.1.4 Western blotting
3.1.5 Lateral-flow diffusion assay
3.2 Molecular diagnostics for fish diseases
3.2.1 Polymerase chain reaction
3.2.1.1 Conventional polymerase chain reaction
3.2.1.2 Multiplex PCR
3.2.1.3 Reverse transcriptase PCR
3.2.1.4 Real-time PCR
3.2.1.5 Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
3.2.2 Restriction fragment length polymorphism/DNA fingerprinting
3.2.3 Microarrays
3.2.4 Hybridization techniques
3.2.5 Nanotechnology and nanosensors
3.2.6 Omics techniques: proteomics in disease diagnosis
4. Preventive and control measures
5. Therapeutics in fish disease management
6. Vaccines for fish diseases
7. General principles of fish vaccination
7.1 Types of vaccine
7.1.1 Inactivated or killed vaccines
7.1.2 Attenuated vaccines
8. Recent advances in vaccine developments
8.1 Deoxyribonucleic acid vaccines
8.2 Recombinant vector vaccines
8.3 Genetically modified vaccines
8.4 Synthetic peptide vaccines
9. Methods of vaccine delivery
9.1 Injection vaccination
9.2 Immersion vaccination
9.3 Oral vaccination
10. Nanovaccines—nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery
11. Vaccination strategies
12. Conclusion
References
Further reading
11 - Principles of genome editing and its applications in fisheries
1. Introduction
2. Genome editing technologies
3. Genome editing in aquaculture: an up-to-date status
4. Harnessing causative variants of quantitative trait locus
5. Mimicking beneficial genes/alleles from unlike species or strains by genome editing
6. Creating new variants from scratch based on trait knowledge
7. Challenges of applying genome editing
8. Commercialized CRISPR-edited fish
9. Concluding remarks
References
12 - Ultraviolet-B radiation, a potential threat to the aquatic organisms, and its mitigation
1. Introduction
2. Larval survival rate
3. Impact of UV-B radiation on the eyes, gills, and skin
4. Physiological responses of fish
4.1 Impact on metabolic activity
4.2 Effect on immune system
4.3 Effect on stress parameters
4.4 UV-B–induced DNA damage
5. Mitigation of UV-B radiation
References
13 - Applications of biotechnology in aquaculture nutrition and fisheries
1. Introduction
2. Biotechnology in aquaculture production
2.1 Biotechnology in nutritional requirements
2.2 Biotechnology in fish feed production
3. Biotechnology in fish health management
3.1 Biotechnology in fish vaccines and vaccination
3.2 Biotechnology in biosecurity and disease control
3.3 Biotechnology in gene transfer and transgenesis
3.4 Biotechnology in environmental management and bioremediation
4. Biotechnology in fish breeding
5. Biotechnology in water quality management
6. Conclusion
References
14 - Fish DNA barcoding: advances and challenges
1. Introduction
1.1 Overview on DNA barcoding
2. An overview on barcoding project
3. The fish barcode of life campaign
4. Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase 1 marker
5. DNA barcoding as a fish identification tool
6. Commonly used primers in DNA barcoding of ichthyofauna taxa
7. Advances in fish DNA barcoding
7.1 Identification and delineation of ichthyofaunal taxa
7.2 Identification and delimitation of cryptic fish taxa
7.3 Identification of early developmental stages in fish
7.4 Authentication of fish products in markets
7.5 Application of fish DNA barcoding in fish aquaculture
7.5.1 Identification of wild fish genetic resource potential for aquaculture
7.5.2 Cross-checking the authenticity of germplasm and fingerlings in hatcheries
7.5.3 Identifying the origin/source of fingerlings utilized in aquaculture
8. Challenges facing fish DNA barcoding
8.1 DNA barcoding is inadequate in population genetic studies
8.2 Hybridization, introgression, and amplification of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes
8.3 Lack of a universal threshold for delimitation of species
8.4 Inappropriate use of neighbor joining trees
9. Conclusions
References
15 - Recent advances in marine biotechnology
1. Introduction and background
2. Evolution of marine biotechnology and marine biodiscovery
3. Biotechnological process
3.1 Cell factories
3.2 Bioprocess technologies
4. Marine metagenomic and transgenic approaches
5. Biotechnological advances to extend the use of ocean bioresources for industrial applications
5.1 Agronomy, food and feed
5.2 Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
5.3 Marine nutraceuticals: a paradigm shift in health care
5.4 Bio-inspired materials
6. Seaweeds and products: valuable sources of high-value compounds and nutraceutical products
7. Marine-derived pharmaceuticals
7.1 Enzymes
7.2 Biomolecules and biodegradable polymers
8. Bioremediation
9. Role of marine biotechnology in biofouling
10. Applications of marine biotechnology
10.1 Human health
10.2 Transgenic fish in mariculture
10.3 Development of disease resistance in mariculture
10.4 Freeze-resistant fish
10.5 Utility of advanced marine biotechnological tools to increase fish growth rate and reproduction
11. Marine biotechnological conservation
12. In vitro fish flesh production system
13. Publications and patents in the subject area of marine biotechnology
14. Leading countries undertaking marine biotechnological research
15. Marine microorganism: a potential biofactory to derive high-value compounds
16. Marine biotechnology and marine population dynamics
17. Advances in marine biotechnology in renewable energy sector
18. Marine biomaterials and nanoparticle conjugate from marine source: promising opportunities in clinical applications
19. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
16 - Seaweed biotechnology implications to aquaculture
1. Introduction
2. Protoplast isolation and fusion
3. Chemicals
4. Chimerism
5. Grafting
6. Haploid cell/spore culture
7. Parthenocarpy
8. Genetic transformation
9. Genetic marker
10. Algal breeding
11. Tissue culture/micropropagation
12. Way forward
Acknowledgments
References
17 - Transcriptome analysis: implication in characterization of genes involved in biosynthesis of economically valu ...
1. Introduction
2. Polysaccharide biosynthesis
2.1 Galactans
2.2 Alginate and fucoidans
3. Pigments and secondary metabolite synthesis
4. Gap area
5. Conclusion and future perspective
Acknowledgments
References
18 - Proteomic approaches and their applications in salmonid health research
1. Introduction
1.1 Sample preparation, ionization, and mass analysis for protein identification
1.2 MALDI-ToF-MS
1.3 LC-ESI-MS/MS
1.4 Nano LC-MS
1.5 Bioinformatic analysis
2. Proteomic approaches in salmonid fish health research
2.1 Yersinia ruckeri
2.2 Myxozoan parasites
3. Conclusion
References
19 - Proteo-metabolomic technologies in context of fishery/aquacultural research and applications
1. Introduction
2. Basic terminologies related to proteomics and metabolomics
3. Proteomic and metabolomic workflow
4. Techniques/approaches used for proteomic analysis
4.1 Gel-free proteomics approaches
4.2 Techniques/approaches used for metabolomic analysis
4.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance for metabolomics
4.4 Mass spectrometry for metabolomics
5. Current proteomic and metabolomic studies for fishery/aquaculture and authors' perspective
5.1 Quality control of aquaculture species
5.2 Fish disease and immune response
5.3 Ecotoxicity and stress response
5.4 Reproduction-related research
5.5 Diet formulation
6. Conclusions
References
20 - Biobank and genetic conservation of aquatic resources
1. Introduction
2. Conservation strategies
3. Mode of conserving fish germplasm
4. Management of declining population
5. Management of endangered species
6. Conservation strategies
6.1 In situ conservation
6.2 Ex situ conservation
7. Live germplasm resource centers
8. Cryobank
9. Sperm preservation
10. Oocyte and embryo preservation
11. Tissue repository
12. DNA bank
13. Web-based tools
14. Fish cell line repository
15. Initiatives of ICAR-NBFGR for fish genetic resource conservation through biobank
16. Future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Index
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