From Asia-Pacific to Indo-Pacific: Diplomacy in a Contested Region

Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
From Asia–Pacific to Indo-Pacific: Diplomacy in an Emerging Strategic Space
The Indo-Pacific: Emerging World Region or Strategic Construct?
Perspectives on Diplomacy
The Contributions to This Volume
References
The Asia–Pacific’s ‘Age of Uncertainty’: Great Power Competition, Globalisation and the Economic-Security Nexus
Context: Our Age of Uncertainty
Great Power Competition and International Order
Globalisation and Deeper Power Shifts
The Economic–Security Nexus
The Economic Foundations of Hegemony
China’s ‘Connectivity Power’
Globalisation’s Discontents
Conclusion
References
Economic Diplomacy and Diplomatic Economists in the Asia–Pacific
International Economic Diplomacy
International Economic Theory
Structural Changes and Their Implications
Changing Trade Patterns
Socio-Economic and Demographic Change
Technology
Climate Change
Impacts on Economic Diplomacy
Anti-Globalisation
The Trade War
US Policies
China Policies
The Tech War
The Financial War
The COVID-19 Pandemic
Impacts on the Region
Third Countries
New Zealand and APEC
America’s Rebalancing Towards the Asia–Pacific in Retrospect and Prospect
Introduction
Asia as the ‘Secondary Theatre’
The Pivot to Asia
Trump’s Asia Policy
China and the New Foreign Policy Paradigm
Asia Policy in a New Administration
Conclusion
References
China’s Evolving Asia–Pacific Policy: From Asserting Chinese Interests to Coping with the Indo-Pacific Challenge
Introduction
Asserting Chinese National Interests in the Asia–Pacific
Conflict with Japan
Rising Tensions in the South China Sea
Sino-South Korean Conflict
Deterrence Failure of US ‘Strategic Rebalance to Asia–Pacific’?
The Indo-Pacific Strategy: A Real Challenge for China?
Deterioration of Sino-American Relations
Chinese Perceptions of the Indo-Pacific Strategy
China’s Possible Policy Response to the Indo-Pacific Strategy
Conclusion
References
Japan’s Asia–Pacific Diplomacy in the Twenty-First Century: Empty Rhetoric or a New Paradigm?
The Rise of Japan’s Values-Based Diplomacy
Tokyo’s Values Diplomacy in Action
The Deepening Sino-Japanese Conflict
‘Proactive Pacifism’ Abe-Style
Values Diplomacy and the United States–China Rivalry
Japan’s Values-Based Diplomacy: Empty Rhetoric or a New Paradigm?
References
Narendra Modi and the  Remaking of Indian Diplomacy
Prime Ministers and Indian Diplomacy
Pace and Innovation
Summitry and Personal Diplomacy
Seeing Xi
Sharif and Khan
Conclusion
References
Australia and New Zealand’s South Pacific Diplomacy: Seeking to Balance China’s Regional Engagement
Introduction
The South Pacific: An Important Oceanic World Region
China’s Growing Regional Engagement
Australia ‘Steps up’ Its Regional Engagement
New Zealand also ‘Resets’ Its Pacific Engagement
Differences Between the Approaches of Australia and New Zealand: Climate Policy and Beyond
Conclusions
References
Navigating the ‘New Normal’: New Zealand Track II Diplomacy and the Shifting Dynamics in Asia
Introduction
A ‘New Normal’?
Navigation of New Zealand’s Relationships with the United States and China
Like-Mindedness
Commitment to Multilateralism
‘Asia–Pacific’ vs ‘Indo-Pacific’: What`s in a Name?
The Importance of ASEAN
Where Does New Zealand Fit into All of This?
Conclusion: New Zealand’s Foreign Policy — Balancing Interests, Values and Partnerships
References
The Rise of New-Generation Foreign Policy Think Tanks in India: Causes, Contours and Roles
Introduction
Think Tanks in Global Comparison and Conceptual Perspective
India’s New-Generation Foreign Policy Think Tanks
More Funding and Better Access to Information
The Multiple Roles of Think Tanks
The Blurring of Power and Ideas
Policy Impact and Funding Issues
Conclusions
References
Building ASEAN Identity Through Regional Diplomacy
Introduction
Dividends of Peace
Increasing a Sense of Belonging
ASEAN Identity as an Institutional Identity
ASEAN Identity as a Communal Identity
ASEAN Awareness
The ASEAN Foundation
The Feeling of ASEAN Citizenship
Conclusion
References
Confidence, Trust and Empathy: Threat Perception and the Prospects for Peace in Korea and the South China Sea
Key Concepts
Confidence
Trust
Empathy
Confidence, Trust and Empathy: Connections, Pathways, Sequencing
From Theory to Practice: Threat and Threat Perception in Korea and the South China Sea
North Korea
The South China Sea
Conclusion
References
The End of the Golden Weather: New Zealand’s Trade Policy During a Time of International Transition
Introduction
Why Trade Matters for New Zealand
New Zealand Trade Policy and International Relations Theory
The End of the Golden Weather for New Zealand Trade Policy
The Global Trade Policy Context—We Have Not Been Here Before
While This is Happening, the Nature of Global Trade is Changing …
… and so Are Public Expectations of Trade Agreements
Filling the Trade Policy Leadership Vacuum
Avoiding the ‘Traps’
A Flexible Six-Part Framework for Trade Policy in Turbulent Times
Greater Emphasis on ‘Concerted Open Plurilateralism’
Sustaining Global and Regional Public Goods to Shore up Institutions and the Rules
…while also Preserving the Social Licence for Trade Policy
A Sharpened Economic Diplomacy Focus is a Key Part of the COVID-19 Trade Recovery Strategy
…and Australia Remains the Indispensable Partner
Conclusions
References
Democracy Under Strain in the Philippines: The Populist Politics and Diplomacy of President Rodrigo Duterte
Introduction
Authoritarian Populism on the Rise
Making Sense of Duterte’s Populism
From Aquino’s Daang Matuwid (Straight Path) to Duterte’s Strongman Rule
Implementing the Davao Model: War on Drugs
Some Political Continuities: More of the Same
Patronage Politics
Rehabilitation of the Marcoses
Politicising the Military and Militarising the Bureaucracy
Strategic Shifts in the Philippines’ Foreign Policy
Philippine Relations with China Under Arroyo and Aquino
From Aquino’s Balancing Act to Duterte’s Rapprochement with China
Duterte’s Gamble: Costs and Benefits of Appeasement Policy Towards China
More Aggressive Chinese Naval Intrusions
Towards a Perilous Future: Long-Term Implications of Duterte’s Policies
References
Index