Franco-German Relations Seen from Abroad: Post-war Reconciliation in International Perspectives

Book_BookNotesTitle_1
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Introduction
Reconciliation: A Definitory Approach
1 Introduction
2 A Definitory Approach to an Emotive Term
2.1 Reconciliation: A Multi-dimensional Process
2.2 Emotional Control and Reconciliation: Story of an Emotional Relationship
3 Remember, Forget, and Reconcile
3.1 Experience of Violence and the Difficulty of Dealing with the Past
3.2 Dialogic Remembering as the Foundation for Reconciliation
3.3 Finding the Right Moment
4 Summary: Reconciliation as a Sensitizing Force for the Interaction and Networking of Many Narratives
References
“Motor of Europe” as a Potential Role Model for the Western Balkans
1 Introduction
2 Political Leadership and Reconciliation: Spirals of Mutual Blame
3 Stumbling Blocks of Rapprochement: Inflammatory Rhetoric Along Party Lines
4 Stumbling Blocks of Rapprochement: Incompatible Narratives of Conflict
5 The Role of Cultural Actors: Strong Civil Society Infrastructure for Reconciliation
6 The Role of the EU: Between Promotion and Turning a Blind Eye
7 Rapprochement of Serbia and Croatia: Contextual Differences and Lessons Learned
References
From Discourse to Practice: A Case Study from the Western Balkans on the Transferability of Franco-German Experiences
1 Introduction
2 Challenges and Limits to Franco-German Transfers of Experience
3 From General Discussions About Youth Exchanges in the Balkans to the Creation of RYCO
3.1 The Dynamics of the Berlin Process
3.2 Active Support by Franco-German Actors
4 Finding the Balance Between Regional Ownership and External Involvement
4.1 A Twofold Role
4.2 Moderating and Facilitating
5 Looking at Other Experiences and Avoiding Attempts to Copy-Paste
5.1 Hearing About Other Experiences
5.2 RYCO’s Structure in Comparison to the FGYO
6 Conclusion: How to Continue? Developing Cooperation and Sharing “Lessons Learned”
References
The Franco-German Reconciliation Narrative from the Dutch Perspective
1 Introduction
2 So Near and Yet So Far
3 Object of Study and Methods
4 Corpus
5 Quantitative Evaluation
5.1 Phony Friendship
5.2 The Franco-German Friendship as a Threat
5.3 The Joint Role
5.4 Irrelevance
5.5 Coming to Terms with the Past
6 Historical Contextualization
7 Conclusion: “More Germany Means Less France” (J. Gerritsen 1993)
References
An Inspiring and Intimidating Relationship: Franco-German Cooperation from the Polish Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Intersection: Historical Overview
3 Inspiration: Looking to the West
4 Anxiety: Fearing the West
5 Hope: Joining the West
6 Conclusion
References
On the Transferability of the Franco-German Model: The Case of Ukraine and Russia
1 Introduction
2 The Russian–Ukrainian War
2.1 Historical Background
2.2 Political Background
3 The Transferability of the Franco-German Model onto Russian–Ukrainian Relations
3.1 History
3.2 Institutions
3.3 Leadership
3.4 International Context
4 What Next?
References
Reconciliation Through Trust and a Common Destiny: The Algerian and Moroccan Relationship on the Line
1 Introduction
2 The Relationship Between Algeria and Morocco: A Historical Primer
3 Conflict and Reconciliation in Algeria and Morocco: A Current Analysis
3.1 Grief 1—The Algerian War of Independence Against France (1954–1962)
3.2 Grief 2—Territories, Borders, and Regional Ambitions
3.3 Grief 3—Oil Wealth and Different Economic Cultures
3.4 Grief 4—Closed Border, Security, and Collaboration
4 A Franco-German Model? National Reconciliation and Economic Integration
5 Future Scenarios: Changing Public Perceptions and Stereotypes
6 Conclusion
References
Transferability of the Franco-German Model in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict
1 Introduction
2 Geographical Proximity: Defending and Crossing Borders
3 Transforming Relationships: Looking for Common Ground
4 Geopolitical Change: (The End of) the Cold War as a Factor of Rapprochement
5 Discussion
References
Iran and Saudi Arabia’s Difficult Pathway Toward Reconciliation: A Conversation
1 Introduction
2 What are the Origins of the Conflict Between Iran and Saudi Arabia? How has it Developed Until Today?
3 Have the Two Countries Tried to Carry Out a Reconciliation Process or at Least a De-escalation Process in the Last Few Decades? Who were the Initiators and the Actors in this Process, and Which Factors have Supported or Hindered this?
4 In the Case of the Franco-German Relationship, External Actors Such as the USA Played a Decisive Role. Is this also the Case for Iran and Saudi Arabia?
5 To What Extent Does Civil Society Play an Active or Passive Role in the Relationship Between Iran and Saudi Arabia?
6 To What Extent do the Narratives of Conflict Differ? Are There any Attempts to Bring Them Together, for Example by Historians?
7 What is the Image of Iran/Saudi Arabia in the Respective Neighboring Country Today? What Role do Stereotypes Play in the Bilateral Relation?
8 To What Extent Can the Franco-German Experience be Helpful for Observing the Relationship Between Iran and Saudi Arabia? To What Extent Can the Franco-German Model not be Transferred to It?
9 What Scenarios are Conceivable Today for the Future of the Iranian-Saudi Relationship and for the Region in the Next Decade?
Indo-Pak Reconciliation Through the Franco-German Mirror
1 Introduction
2 A Very Different Historical Background
2.1 Emergence of National Identities and Bilateral Relations
2.2 The Cold War Factor
3 Reconciliation and Normalization of State Relations: A Difficult Comparison
3.1 Different Experiences of Reconciliation Attempts
3.2 Significant Experiences
3.3 Back Channel Talks
4 Opportunities and Limits of the Human Factor
4.1 Humanitarian Assistance
4.2 SAARC: An Instrument for Promoting Regional Cooperation?
4.3 External ‘Assistance’
5 Looking Ahead
References
Generous Gesture? Franco-German Reconciliation from the Korean Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Franco-German Rapprochement: A Difficult Model for Japanese-Korean Relations
2.1 Unresolved Historical Problems
2.2 Only a Historical Point of Reference
3 Heated “Shadow of the Past”
3.1 Two Different Visions of the Politics of Memory
3.2 Controversy About “Comfort Women”
4 Coming to Terms with the Past
4.1 Reconciliation as a Complex Process
4.2 Two Sides of Reconciliation
5 Lessons Learned from the Franco-German Experience
5.1 Failure of Bilateral Cooperation on the Governmental Level
5.2 Joint Textbook Projects
6 Conclusion
References
Franco-German Reconciliation Through the Prism of East Asia: A Japanese Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Franco-German Reconciliation—A Model for East Asia?
2.1 Reconciliation and Coming to Terms with the Past
2.2 Coming to Terms with Colonial History
3 Historical Dialogue and Transnational Commemorative Cultures
3.1 Historical Dialogue and History Textbooks in East Asia
3.2 What the Franco-German History Book Can Teach Us
3.3 Reconciliation and Memory as Political Symbolism
4 The Vitality of Civil Society and the Creation of a “Parapublic” Sphere
4.1 Youth Exchanges
4.2 City Twinnings
4.3 The Trans-Nationalization of the Media
5 Conclusion: Germany and France in the Global “Reconciliation Cloud”
References
The Deconstruction of Ethnic Identity: Germany, France, and Rwanda
1 Introduction
2 The Construction of Divisions and Ethnic Identity in Europe and Rwanda
2.1 Divisions and Divisionism in Rwanda
2.2 Nationalism and Divisionism in Germany and Europe
3 The Deconstruction of Ethnic Identities
3.1 The Politics of National Reconstruction After the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda
3.2 Deconstruction of German/French Conflict Identities
4 Comparative Overview
5 Conclusion
References
South Africa’s Reconciliation Project 25 years After Democracy
1 Introduction
2 Reconciliation: A Conceptual Clarification
3 Salient Features of the Franco-German Reconciliation Process
4 Reconciliation in South Africa at a Crossroads
5 The Franco-German and South African Reconciliation Processes: Similarities and Differences
6 Conclusions
References
Debating the History of Franco-German Reconciliation with Third-Party Countries: A Review
1 Introduction
2 Conditions of Expertise
2.1 Initiating Meetings: French and Germans or Third-Party Countries in Conflict
2.2 Formal Frameworks—Informal Meetings: A Blurred Line
3 Benefits and Limits of Meetings with Third-Party Countries
3.1 Different Types of Specialist Contributions
3.2 Limits and Pitfalls of Comparison
3.3 Conveying Symbolic and Diplomatic Messages Against the Odds
3.4 Risk of Increased Tension and Boomerang Effects
4 The Tale of “Franco-German Reconciliation” Seen from Outside
References
Post-War Reconciliation Around the World: Lessons Learned from the Franco-German Experience