The book introduces a new concept of Fractal Tomograph (FT) to study large and small perturbations of power grids. A mathematical phrase called Active Network Twins (ANT) is discovered which bears astonishing similarity with the human DNA. ANT forms the backbone of analysis. Lineflows and load voltages are compositions of ANT, called fractals which constitute tomographs. First three chapters discuss these new concepts. A remarkable feature is that a minute observation of tomograph is sufficient to detect a malaise in the past, present, or future of the grid. Editing like in genes, to control flows and voltages, is explained in chapter 4. The baffling loop flows in the US-Canada region, a metropolitan blackout in India, and outages in Nepal are illustrated with notional networks. Causes are crisply identified (chapters 5 and 6). Frequency rendezvous and blockchain approach to electricity costs (chapters 7, 8) are radically new perspectives. The book is useful for grid controllers and researchers.
Author(s): S. D. Varwandkar, M. V. Hariharan
Series: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology: Computational Intelligence
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 104
City: Singapore
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
Symbols
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
1.1 Brief History
1.2 Hausdorff Numbers
1.3 Fractals in Power Grid
References
2 Active Network Twins
2.1 Introduction
2.2 ANT and DNA
2.3 Square Domain
2.3.1 Example
2.4 Fractal Tomographs
2.4.1 Structure of FT
2.4.2 Inversion
2.4.3 Mathematical Basis
3 Fractals and Tomographs
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Lineflow Fractals
3.3 Flowgates and Corridors
3.4 Voltage Fractals
3.5 Load Fractals
3.5.1 Example
4 Editing
4.1 Introduction
4.2 39-Bus New England System
4.3 Editing
4.4 Conclusion
Reference
5 Power Reversals and Loop Flows
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Background of Loop Flows
5.3 Lineflow Tomographs
5.4 Example
5.5 Phase-Angle Regulator
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Blackouts
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mumbai Network
6.3 Salient Observations
6.4 Disturbances in Bhutan
6.5 US–Canada Blackout of 14 August 2003
6.5.1 The State of Ohio
6.6 Scenarios
6.6.1 Tomographic Study
6.6.2 Past, Present and the Future
References
7 Frequency Rendezvous
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Frequency Rendezvous Dynamics
7.3 Multigenerator Systems
7.4 Example 1
7.5 Example 2
7.6 Conclusion
Reference
8 MW-Blockchain
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Preliminaries
8.3 Blockchain
8.4 Examples
8.5 Concluding Remarks
References
