This book combines pieces of work on Europe and Latin America, the two continents where football arouses the most ardent passions among its spectators. Curiously, an undertaking to compare on a large scale the forms extreme fandom takes in these two geographical areas is still lacking. A situational analysis of the scientific literature devoted to the subject over the last two or three decades represents a step in this direction, making a scattered store of knowledge accessible. It thus answers a need to clarify regional differences in identities and in the practices of supporters.
Author(s): Bernardo Buarque de Hollanda, Thomas Busset
Series: Football Research in an Enlarged Europe
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 372
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Notes on Contributors
1: Football Fans in Europe and Latin America
Latin America
Europe
Uniformity and Diversity in Extreme Fandom
Pandemic Vicissitudes, Football Globalisation and the Universe of Supporters’ Groups
References
Part I: Europe
2: A Sociological Analysis of United Kingdom Football Fans: Historical Debates and Contemporary Issues
Introduction
Football Hooliganism: Theories and Debates
National Issues
Dominant National Fan Identities
National Fan Diversities
Socio-cultural Aspects of Football Fandom
Social Divisions
Contemporary Cultural Politics
Concluding Comments
References
3: Football Fandom in France and Italy
The Emergence of Radical Fandom in Italy and in France
Political identities and Relational Outlines
Violence and Suppression in France and in Italy
Conclusion
References
4: A Struggle Between Loyalty and Commodification: Scandinavian Football Fans
The Scandinavian Historical Background
The Swedish Supporter Culture
Denmark and Norway
Female Supporters
Scandinavia and the Globalized Football Market
Identities in Modern Football
Epilogue
References
Websites
5: From Stands to Forests: The Development of Belgian and Dutch Football Hooliganism
The Emergence and Development of Football Hooliganism in Belgium and the Netherlands
How Belgian and Dutch Authorities Have Attempted to Tackle Football Hooliganism
Changes in the Patterns of Belgian and Dutch Football Hooliganism
On the Road to Forests: Towards Hooliganism 2.0
References
6: Fandom, Society, and Politics in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland
Introduction
Development of Fan Cultures
Structure and Identity of Fan Groups
Problems and Answers
Fans and Politics
Conclusion
References
7: The Long Shadow of Communism, Hooliganism and Identity Politics: Contemporary Football Fandom in Eastern Europe
Introduction
The History of Eastern Fandom
The Post-transformation Evolution
Anti-communism as a Political Background
Right-Wing Tendencies on the Stands
Discussions and Conclusions
References
8: Football Fandom in South-Eastern Europe: The Countries from the Former Yugoslavia
Politicisation of Yugoslav Stands
The War and Post-War Period Seen from the Stands
Recomposition of the Stands in Bosnia-Herzegovina
Grammar of the Stands
The Structuring of Extreme Fandom in Serbia and in Croatia
Conclusion
References
9: Claques, Ultras and Radicals: The Uneven Development of Fandom in Spain and Portugal—A History of Identities and Political Extremism
History of Football Supporters’ Group in the Region
Identities, Structures and Gestion of Football Fan Groups
Fans, Violence and Politics: Problems and Responses
Conclusions
References
Part II: Latin America
10: A Duel of “Hinchadas”: Chile and Argentina, a Comparative Study
Introduction
The Organisational Structure of Professional Football in Chile and Argentina
Hinchadas: Origins, Territory, and Hierarchy
¡Because We Have Aguante, Real Aguante!
Alliance and Clientele Networks
Final Reflections
References
11: The Field of Interactions of Organized Supporters’ Groups in Brazil
Introduction
Some Specific Properties of the Field of Interactions of the Organized Supporters’ Groups
Structure, Conventions, Resources, Social Actors and Political Struggles of Organized Supporters’ Groups
Social Construction of the Body and Subjectivity of Organized Supporters
The Supporters’ Groups-Samba Schools: Specificities of the Associations Situated at the Intersection of Two Fields of Interaction
The Emergence of Barras: Specificities and Characteristics of the Popular Movements
When the Issue Is Violence: Some Data and Reflections on the Dynamics of the Conflicts in Different Regions of Brazil
Conclusion
References
12: War and Football in the Andes: Organised Groups of Supporters in Peru and Colombia
Introduction
War and Football
From the Barra to the Barrismo
Peru
Colombia
Conclusion
References
13: Central America’s Football Fan Groups
Introduction
Some Contextual Aspects of Central America
Temporal-Diachronic Dimension of Football Fan Groups
Cultural Dimension
Forms of Violence
Structure and Leadership
Conclusions
References
14: Isolation, Youthful Rebelliousness and Criminalization: Football Supporters’ Groups in Mexico
Poor Mexico, So Far from Brazil and Argentina, So Close to the United States
From Porras to Barras
Proletarianization and Criminalization of the Barras
References
15: Ultras, Hooligans, Torcidas and Barras: An Overview Across Two Continents
1st Part: Europe
2nd Part: Latin America
References
Index
