Functional MRI (fMRI) and the basic method of BOLD imaging were introduced in 1993 by Seiji Ogawa. From very basic experiments, fMRI has evolved into a clinical application for daily routine brain imaging. There have been various improvements in both the imaging technique as such as well as in the statistical analysis. In this volume, experts in the field share their knowledge and point out possible technical barriers and problems explaining how to solve them. Starting from the very basics on the origin of the BOLD signal, the book covers technical issues, anatomical landmarks, presurgical applications, and special issues in various clinical fields. Other modalities for brain mapping such as PET, TMS, and MEG are also compared with fMRI. This book is intended to give a state-of-the-art overview and to serve as a reference and guide for clinical applications of fMRI.
Author(s): Stephan Ulmer, Olav Jansen
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 181
Tags: Медицинские дисциплины;Клинические методы диагностики, лабораторная диагностика;Магнитно-резонансная томография;
fMRI - Basics and Clinical Applications......Page p0001.djvu
fMRI - Basics and Clinical Applications......Page p0003.djvu
Dedication......Page p0005.djvu
Contents......Page p0006.djvu
Contributors......Page p0008.djvu
Section 1: Basics......Page p0011.djvu
Introduction......Page p0012.djvu
2.1.1.1 Transverse Sections......Page p0014.djvu
2.1.1.2 Sagittal Sections......Page p0017.djvu
2.1.2.2 Transverse Sections......Page p0018.djvu
2.1.3.2 Sagittal Sections......Page p0019.djvu
2.1.4.1 Transverse Sections......Page p0020.djvu
References......Page p0021.djvu
3.2 Vascular Structure and Hemodynamic Response......Page p0023.djvu
3.3 Spatial Resolution of BOLD fMRI......Page p0024.djvu
3.4 Perfusion-Based fMRI Approaches......Page p0027.djvu
References......Page p0028.djvu
4.1 Introduction......Page p0030.djvu
4.2 The Compound Neural Signal......Page p0031.djvu
4.3 The Passive Electric Properties of the Brain......Page p0032.djvu
4.4 The Neural Correlate of the BOLD Signal......Page p0034.djvu
4.5 The Coupling of Synaptic Activity and CBF......Page p0037.djvu
References......Page p0039.djvu
5.2 Benefi ts and Limitations of High- and Ultra-High-Field MRI......Page p0041.djvu
5.3 Special Aspects of High-Field fMRI......Page p0042.djvu
5.4 Ultra-High Field fMRI and Possible Clinical Applications......Page p0044.djvu
References......Page p0047.djvu
6.2.1 Overview......Page p0049.djvu
6.2.2.2 NordicNeuroLab (NNL)/ NordicImagingLab (NIL)......Page p0051.djvu
Results......Page p0052.djvu
References......Page p0054.djvu
Section 2: Clinical Aplications......Page p0055.djvu
7.1 Rationale for fMRI in Rolandic Neurosurgery......Page p0056.djvu
7.2 Review of Literature*......Page p0057.djvu
7.3 General Considerations......Page p0060.djvu
7.6 Paradigms for Clinical Motor and Somatosensory fMRI......Page p0061.djvu
7.7.1 Somatotopic Mapping of the Primary Motor Cortex (Standard Protocol)......Page p0064.djvu
7.7.3 Localization of the Precentral Gyrus in Patients with Paresis......Page p0067.djvu
7.8 Limitations and Pitfalls......Page p0069.djvu
References......Page p0070.djvu
8.3 STS Supports Phonological Aspects of Speech Recognition......Page p0074.djvu
8.4 Access to Conceptual-Semantic Information May Involve Middle Temporal Regions......Page p0076.djvu
8.6 The Posterior Planum Temporale Supports Sensory-Motor Integration......Page p0077.djvu
8.7 Summary......Page p0078.djvu
References......Page p0079.djvu
9.1.1 Measuring Language Lateralization......Page p0081.djvu
9.1.2 Predicting Naming Outcome......Page p0083.djvu
9.1.3 “Tailoring” Resections......Page p0084.djvu
9.2 Prediction of Verbal Memory Outcome......Page p0085.djvu
9.2.1 FMRI of the Medial Temporal Lobe......Page p0086.djvu
9.2.2 Medial Temporal Lobe FMRI as a Predictor of Memory Outcome......Page p0087.djvu
9.2.3 Language Lateralization as a Predictor of Verbal Memory Outcome......Page p0088.djvu
9.3 Conclusions......Page p0091.djvu
References......Page p0092.djvu
10.1 The Principle of Activation Studies......Page p0098.djvu
10.2 Language Activation in Healthy Subjects......Page p0099.djvu
10.5 Changes in Activation Patterns vs. Recovery of Language Function......Page p0101.djvu
10.6 Effect of Treatment in Poststroke Aphasia......Page p0103.djvu
10.7 Combination of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) with Activated Imaging......Page p0104.djvu
10.8 Language Functionin Bra in Tumors......Page p0105.djvu
10.9 Hierarchical Organization for Recovery?......Page p0106.djvu
References......Page p0107.djvu
11.1 Introduction......Page p0110.djvu
11.2 Functional MRI Neuronavigation......Page p0111.djvu
11.3 Intraoperative Functional MRI......Page p0112.djvu
11.6.1 1.5 T Functional MRI-Guided Resection......Page p0113.djvu
11.7.1 Functional MRI at 1.5 T for the Treatment of Low Grade Glial Tumors......Page p0114.djvu
11.8 Functional MRI at 3 T......Page p0115.djvu
11.9 Discussion......Page p0116.djvu
11.11 High Grade Gliomas......Page p0118.djvu
11.13 Conclusions......Page p0119.djvu
References......Page p0121.djvu
12.1 Introduction......Page p0124.djvu
12.3.1 Surgery Under Local Anesthesia: Awake Craniotomy......Page p0125.djvu
12.3.2 Stimulation......Page p0126.djvu
12.6 Perspectives......Page p0128.djvu
References......Page p0129.djvu
13.3 fMRI in Epilepsy......Page p0130.djvu
13.4 Classifi cation of Epileptic Seizures......Page p0131.djvu
13.7 fMRI Imaging of Focal Seizures......Page p0132.djvu
13.8 Benign Childhood Focal Epilepsies......Page p0133.djvu
13.10 The Concept of Hypersynchrony in Primary Generalized Seizures......Page p0134.djvu
13.12 FMRI Imaging of Generalized Seizures......Page p0135.djvu
13.13.2 Epilepsy Partialis Continua......Page p0136.djvu
13.14.2 Reading Epilepsy......Page p0137.djvu
13.15.1 The Concept of a Preictal State......Page p0138.djvu
13.15.3 Is Perfusion Matched to CMRO2?......Page p0139.djvu
References......Page p0140.djvu
14.2 Planning a Paediatric Neuroimaging Study......Page p0143.djvu
14.3 Conducting a Paediatric Neuroimaging Study......Page p0144.djvu
14.4 Analyzing a Paediatric Neuroimaging Study......Page p0146.djvu
References......Page p0148.djvu
15.2 Example 1......Page p0150.djvu
15.3 Example 2......Page p0151.djvu
15.4 Example 3......Page p0152.djvu
15.6 Example 5......Page p0153.djvu
15.7 Conclusions......Page p0154.djvu
References......Page p0155.djvu
16.1.1 How Does TMS Excite Cortical Neurons?......Page p0156.djvu
16.1.3 Clinical and Neuroscientific Applications of TMS......Page p0157.djvu
16.2 Placement of the Coil Over the Cortical Target Area......Page p0158.djvu
16.3.1 Why Combine TMS with fMRI?......Page p0159.djvu
16.3.2 TMS in the MR Scanner During fMRI (Online TMS–fMRI Approach)......Page p0160.djvu
16.3.2.1 Methodological Issues......Page p0161.djvu
16.3.2.2 Applications of Interleaved TMS–fMRI......Page p0162.djvu
16.3.3.2 fMRI Following TMS......Page p0164.djvu
References......Page p0166.djvu
17.2 Clinical MEG Instrumentation......Page p0169.djvu
17.4.1.1 Equivalent Current Dipole......Page p0170.djvu
17.5.1 Somatosensory Mapping......Page p0171.djvu
17.5.5 Language Mapping......Page p0174.djvu
17.5.5.3 Spatiotemporal Regional Language Mapping......Page p0175.djvu
17.7 MEG and fMRI: What’s the difference?......Page p0176.djvu
References......Page p0177.djvu
Index......Page p0179.djvu
