Content: Thermodynamic values for desulfurization processes / Leo Brewer --
Reliable data for flue gas desulfurization processes / Bert R. Staples --
Use of Pitzer's equations to estimate strong-electrolyte activity coefficients in aqueous flue gas desulfurization processes / Gerd M. Rosenblatt --
Limestone dissolution : effects of pH, CO₂, and buffers modeled by mass transfer / Pui K. Chan and Gary T. Rochelle --
Studies of the major factors affecting magnesium limestone dissolution / Frank B. Meserole, Robert L. Glover, and Dorothy A. Stewart --
Thermal decomposition of sulfite, bisulfite, and disulfite solutions / B. Meyer, M. Rigdon, T. Burner, M. Ospina, K. Ward, and K. Koshlap --
Kinetics of reactions in a wet flue gas simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification system / S.G. Chang, D. Littlejohn, and N.H. Lin --
Kinetics of the oxidation of bisulfite ion by oxygen / Thomas G. Braga and Robert E. Connick --
Sulfite oxidation in organic acid solutions / D.B. Nurmi, J.W. Overman, J. Erwin, and J.L. Hudson --
A model of oxidation in calcium sulfite slurries / J. Erwin, C.C. Wang, and J.L. Hudson --
Laboratory investigation of adipic acid degradation in flue gas desulfurization scrubbers / J.C. Terry, J.B. Jarvis, D.L. Utley, and E.E. Ellsworth --
Buffer additives for lime/limestone slurry scrubbing / Gary T. Rochelle, William T. Weems, Raymond J. Smith, and Mary W. Hsiang --
Adipic acid-enhanced lime/limestone test results at the EPA alkali scrubbing test facility / Shih-Chung Wang and Dewey A. Burbank --
Energy requirements for SO₂ absorption in limestone scrubbers / Robert H. Borgwardt --
The limestone dual alkali process for flue gas desulfurization / Jaime A. Valencia --
Control of SO₂ emissions by dry sorbent injection / James T. Yeh, Richard J. Demski, and James I. Joubert --
Characterization of volatile organic components of nahcolite and trona / Bruce W. Farnum, Ronald C. Timpe, and Sylvia A. Farnum --
Conceptual design and economics of an improved magnesium oxide flue gas desulfurization process / T.A. Burnett and W.L. Wells.
Author(s): John L. Hudson and Gary T. Rochelle (Eds.)
Series: ACS Symposium Series 188
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Year: 1982
Language: English
Pages: 427
City: Washington, D.C
Title Page......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
ACS Symposium Series......Page 5
FOREWORD......Page 6
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 7
1 Thermodynamic Values for Desulfurization Processes......Page 9
Directions......Page 39
Literature Cited......Page 41
2 Reliable Data for Flue Gas Desulfurization Processes......Page 48
Aqueous Solution Properties......Page 54
Future Evaluations......Page 62
Literature Cited......Page 63
3 Use of Pitzer's Equations to Estimate Strong-Electrolyte Activity Coefficients in Aqueous Flue Gas Desulfurization Processes......Page 64
Introduction......Page 65
Summary of Pitzer's Equations......Page 66
Approximate Calculations and Estimated Parameters.......Page 68
Sensitivity of Activity Coefficients to Charges in Pitzer-Equation Parameters......Page 70
Comparison with Association-Equilibrium Extended-Debye-Hückel Model......Page 71
Conclusions......Page 76
Literature Cited......Page 79
4 Limestone Dissolution Effects of pH, CO2, and Buffers Modeled by Mass Transfer......Page 81
Theory......Page 82
Experimental Apparatus and Procedure......Page 88
Results and Discussion......Page 92
Effect of Organic Acids......Page 94
Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 100
Acknowledgments......Page 101
Literature Cited......Page 102
5 Studies of the Major Factors Affecting Magnesium Limestone Dissolution......Page 104
Discussion......Page 105
Experimental Approach......Page 107
Experimental Results......Page 109
Conclusions......Page 112
Literature Cited......Page 116
6 Thermal Decomposition of Sulfite, Bisulfite, and Disulfite Solutions......Page 117
Experimental......Page 118
Results......Page 119
Acknowledgments......Page 127
Literature Cited......Page 128
7 Kinetics of Reactions in a Wet Flue Gas Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification System......Page 130
Review of Previous Kinetic Studies......Page 132
Absorption-Reduction Processes......Page 147
Acknowledgment......Page 153
Literature Cited......Page 154
8 Kinetics of the Oxidation of Bisulfite Ion by Oxygen......Page 156
Experimental.......Page 157
Results......Page 158
Single Phase Experiments.......Page 161
Acknowledgment......Page 173
Literature Cited......Page 174
9 Sulfite Oxidation in Organic Acid Solutions......Page 175
Results: Oxidation of Sodium Sulfite......Page 178
Results: Oxidation of Calcium Sulfite......Page 184
Discussion......Page 189
Literature Cited......Page 191
10 A Model of Oxidation in Calcium Sulfite Slurries......Page 192
Previous Work......Page 194
Experimental......Page 196
Physical System......Page 198
Surface Conditions During Dissolution......Page 203
The Model - Dissolution with Chemical Reaction......Page 206
Solutions of the Model......Page 211
Discussion......Page 217
Literature Cited......Page 219
11 Laboratory Investigation of Adipic Acid Degradation in Flue Gas Desulfurization Scrubbers......Page 222
Experimental Approach......Page 223
Bench-Scale Scrubber Test Results......Page 225
Coprecipitation of Adipic Acid in Scrubber Solids......Page 235
Conclusions......Page 239
Literature Cited......Page 242
12 Buffer Additives for Lime/Limestone Slurry Scrubbing......Page 244
Buffer Synthesis......Page 246
Gas/Liquid Mass Transfer Enhancement......Page 250
Oxidative Degradation......Page 256
Other Factors......Page 262
Conclusions......Page 263
Acknowledgments......Page 264
Literature Cited......Page 265
Introduction and Background......Page 267
Advantages of Adipic Acid as a Scrubber Additive......Page 269
Test Programs......Page 272
Test Results......Page 274
Economics......Page 300
Literature Cited......Page 305
14 Energy Requirements for SO2 Absorption in Limestone Scrubbers......Page 307
Procedure......Page 310
Results and Discussion......Page 311
Literature Cited......Page 323
15 The Limestone Dual Alkali Process for Flue Gas Desulfurization......Page 325
Description of the Technology......Page 326
Development of the Technology......Page 330
The Prototype System at Scholz......Page 331
Economic Considerations......Page 346
Literature Cited......Page 347
16 Control of SO2 Emissions by Dry Sorbent Injection......Page 348
Experimental......Page 350
Sorbents and Coals Tested......Page 353
Sodium Bicarbonate Tests.......Page 355
Tests with Trona......Page 361
Conclusions......Page 364
Literature Cited......Page 366
17 Characterization of Volatile Organic Components of Nahcolite and Trona......Page 368
Experimental......Page 369
Results and Discussion......Page 371
Literature Cited......Page 378
18 Conceptual Design and Economics of an Improved Magnesium Oxide Flue Gas Desulfurization Process......Page 379
INNOVATIVE DESIGN CHANGES......Page 380
SPRAY DRYER MgO PROCESS DESCRIPTION......Page 383
MgO/Ash Separation......Page 386
HCl Removal and Purge......Page 387
PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ECONOMICS......Page 388
Economic Premises......Page 389
Economic Evaluation......Page 390
Comparison......Page 391
Comparison......Page 393
Sensitivity Analysis......Page 395
APPENDIX......Page 397
Literature Cited......Page 409
A......Page 410
C......Page 412
D......Page 414
E......Page 415
G......Page 416
K......Page 417
M......Page 418
N......Page 419
O......Page 420
P......Page 421
S......Page 422
T......Page 426
X......Page 427
