For each island or island group there is an introduction to the geography, biota, physical features, climate, vegetation and history of human usage. A checklist of the species recorded for each island is followed by a key to the families present there.
Species descriptions are arranged by family rather than by island to avoid duplication when one species occurs on more than one island.
The islands dealt with in this volume cover a wide range of climatic zones:
The tropical islands have temperature ranges between 23 and 29°C, with 80–90% constant humidity and an annual rainfall of 2 000–2 500 mm falling mainly between December and April during monsoonal storms. Many of the islands are tiny coral atolls, some with volcanic origins. The vegetation is varied, ranging from rainforest (some with lianes and epiphytes) to grassland and seagrass meadows.
The subantarctic islands have temperatures constantly near zero degrees, and the annual rainfall is 1 050–1 360 mm usually as light showers on many days of the year. Snow frequently falls and Heard Island is highly glaciated. The vegetation is characterised by fellfield, herbfield, grassland, fen and bog. Heard Island is also significant in containing Australia’s only active volcano.
There are 113 families and 495 species treated in this volume. These comprise 95 families of flowering plants, 17 families of ferns and fern allies (whisk ferns, clubmosses), and a single representative of the ancient cycads.
Eleven contributors, three illustrators and eleven photographers from Australia, England, New Zealand and the United States have prepared this volume.
This volume covers 113 families and 495 species. Two new taxa are described, as well as designations of two lectotypes and a neotype.
Series: Flora Of Australia (vol. 50)
Publisher: Australian Govt. Pub. Service
Year: 1993
Language: English
Pages: 606
Tags: Oceanic islands
Front cover
Front flap
Front endpaper
Frontispiece
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 50
ILLUSTRATORS
PHOTOGRAPHERS
FLORA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
INTRODUCTION
Scope and presentation of the Flora
Acknowledgments
KEY TO PLANT GROUPS
INDEX TO FAMILY KEYS
Colour Block 1
CHRISTMAS ISLAND
GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
CLIMATE
POPULATION AND INDUSTRY
VEGETATION
PRIMARY RAINFOREST
MARGINAL RAINFOREST
AREAS WITH SURFACE WATER
A. HOSNIES SPRING AND THE EASTERN TERRACES
B. THE DALES
OPEN FOREST, SCRUBBY FOREST AND VINE FOREST
INLAND CLIFFS
COASTAL FRINGE
SHORE CLIFFS AND SPRAY ZONE
MINED AREAS
WEEDS OF HABITATION AND ROADSIDES
EFFECT OF LAND CRABS ON THE VEGETATION
DISPERSAL TO THE ISLAND
ENDEMIC TAXA
USE OF FOREST BY SEA BIRDS
ENDEMIC LAND BIRDS AND FRUIT BATS
NATIONAL PARK
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHRISTMAS ISLAND SPECIES LIST
KEY TO FAMILIES
DICOTYLEDONAE
MONOCOTYLEDONAE
PINOPHYTA
PTERIDOPHYTA & ALLIES
COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
SOILS
CLIMATE
VEGETATION
STRAND COMMUNITIES
HERBFIELDS
FOREST COMMUNITIES
MANGROVE COMMUNITY
MARINE COMMUNITIES
FLORISTICS
USAGE
HISTORY
COLLECTORS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS SPECIES LISTS
MAIN ATOLL
NORTH KEELING ISLAND
KEY TO FAMILIES
DICOTYLEDONAE
MONOCOTYLEDONAE
ASHMORE REEF AND CARTIER ISLAND
ASHMORE REEF
East Island
Middle Island
West Island
CARTIER ISLAND
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ASHMORE REEF SPECIES LIST
CARTIER ISLAND SPECIES LIST
ASHMORE REEF
KEY TO FAMILIES
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
CARTIER ISLAND
CORAL SEA ISLANDS TERRITORY
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
SOILS
CLIMATE
VEGETATION
LITTORAL HERBFIELDS
SHRUB COMMUNITY
SHRUB–LOW FOREST COMMUNITY
MARINE COMMUNITY
FLORISTICS
USEAGE
HISTORY
COLLECTORS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CORAL SEA ISLANDS TERRITORY SPECIES LIST
KEY TO FAMILIES
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS
MACQUARIE ISLAND
HEARD ISLAND AND McDONALD ISLANDS
MACQUARIE ISLAND SPECIES LIST
HEARD AND McDONALD ISLANDS SPECIES LIST
KEY TO SUBANTARCTIC FAMILIES
DICOTYLEDONAE
MONOCOTYLEDONAE
PTERIDOPHYTA & ALLIES
REFERENCES
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
DICOTYLEDONAE
1. ANNONACEAE
ANNONA
1. *Annona muricata
2. *Annona reticulata
2. LAURACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. CINNAMOMUM
Cinnamomum iners
2. CRYPTOCARYA
Cryptocarya nitens
3. CASSYTHA
Cassytha filiformis
3. HERNANDIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. HERNANDIA
1. Hernandia ovigera
2. Hernandia nymphaeifolia
2. ILLIGERA
Illigera appendiculata
3. GYROCARPUS
Gyrocarpus americanus
4. PIPERACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PIPER
1. *Piper betle
2. *Piper aduncum
2. PEPEROMIA
1. Peperomia laevifolia
2. Peperomia rossii
3. *Peperomia pellucida
5. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
ARISTOLOCHIA
*Aristolochia littoralis
6. RANUNCULACEAE
RANUNCULUS
Ranunculus crassipes
7. MENISPERMACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PACHYGONE
Pachygone ovata
Excluded species
2. TINOSPORA
1. *Tinospora crispa
2. *Tinospora baenzigeri
8. ULMACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. CELTIS
Celtis timorensis
2. TREMA
*Trema tomentosa
9. MORACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. FICUS
1. Ficus microcarpa
2. Ficus saxophila
2. MACLURA
Maclura cochinchinensis
10. URTICACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. LAPORTEA
1. Laportea aestuans
2. Laportea ruderalis
2. DENDROCNIDE
1. Dendrocnide peltata
1a. Dendrocnide peltata var. peltata
1b. Dendrocnide peltata var. murrayana
2. Dendrocnide sinuata
3. PIPTURUS
Pipturus argenteus
4. PROCRIS
Procris pedunculata
5. PILEA
Pilea peploides
11. CASUARINACEAE
CASUARINA
*Casuarina equisetifolia
12. PHYTOLACCACEAE
RIVINA
*Rivina humilis
13. NYCTAGINACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PISONIA
1. Pisonia umbellifera
2. Pisonia grandis
2. MIRABILIS
*Mirabilis jalapa
3. COMMICARPUS
1. Commicarpus chinensis
2. Commicarpus insularum
4. BOERHAVIA
1. Boerhavia albiflora
2. Boerhavia repens
3. Boerhavia diffusa
4. Boerhavia glabrata
5. Boerhavia burbidgeana
14. AIZOACEAE
SESUVIUM
Sesuvium portulacastrum
15. AMARANTHACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. DEERINGIA
Deeringia amaranthoides
2. CELOSIA
*Celosia argentea
3. AMARANTHUS
1. Amaranthus spinosus
2. *Amaranthus dubius
3. *Amaranthus cruentus
4. *Amaranthus tricolor
5. Amaranthus viridis
6. Amaranthus interruptus
4. AERVA
Aerva lanata
5. ACHYRANTHES
Achyranthes aspera
6. ALTERNANTHERA
1. *Alternanthera sessilis
2. *Alternanthera pungens
3. *Alternanthera bettzichiana
7. GOMPHRENA
*Gomphrena celosioides
16. PORTULACACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PORTULACA
1. *Portulaca oleracea
2. *Portulaca pilosa
3. Portulaca tuberosa
2. MONTIA
Montia fontana
17. BASELLACEAE
BASELLA
*Basella alba
18. CARYOPHYLLACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. STELLARIA
1. Stellaria parviflora
2. *Stellaria media
2. CERASTIUM
*Cerastium fontanum
3. COLOBANTHUS
1. Colobanthus muscoides
2. Colobanthus affinis
3. Colobanthus apetalus
4. Colobanthus kerguelensis
19. POLYGONACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ANTIGONON
*Antigonon leptopus
2. RUMEX
*Rumex crispus
20. PLUMBAGINACEAE
PLUMBAGO
Plumbago zeylanica
21. CLUSIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. CALOPHYLLUM
Calophyllum inophyllum
2. MAMMEA
Mammea odorata
22. TILIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. BERRYA
Berrya cordifolia
2. TRIUMFETTA
1. Triumfetta suffruticosa
2. Triumfetta repens
3. CORCHORUS
Corchorus aestuans
4. GREWIA
1. Grewia acuminata
2. Grewia glabra
3. Grewia insularis
23. STERCULIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. HERITIERA
Heritiera littoralis
2. KLEINHOVIA
Kleinhovia hospita
3. MELOCHIA
Melochia umbellata
24. MALVACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. HIBISCUS
1. Hibiscus tiliaceus
2. Hibiscus vitifolius
2. ABELMOSCHUS
Abelmoschus manihot
3. THESPESIA
Thespesia populnea
4. GOSSYPIUM
*Gossypium barbadense
5. URENA
Urena lo
6. MALVASTRUM
*Malvastrum coromandelianum
7. ABUTILON
1. Abutilon auritum
2. Abutilon listeri
3. Abutilon asiaticum
8. SIDA
1. Sida acuta
2. Sida rhombifolia
3. Sida pusilla
25. LECYTHIDACEAE
BARRINGTONIA
1. Barringtonia asiatica
2. Barringtonia racemosa
26. FLACOURTIACEAE
MUNTINGIA
*Muntingia calabura
27. BIXACEAE
BIXA
*Bixa orellana
28. TURNERACEAE
TURNERA
*Turnera ulmifolia
29. PASSIFLORACEAE
PASSIFLORA
*Passiflora foetida
30. CARICACEAE
CARICA
*Carica papaya
31. CUCURBITACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. MOMORDICA
Momordica charantia
2. MUELLERARGIA
Muellerargia timorensis
3. ZEHNERIA
Zehneria alba
4. LAGENARIA
*Lagenaria siceraria
32. CAPPARACEAE
CLEOME
1. Cleome viscosa
2. Cleome gynandra
3. *Cleome rutidosperma
33. BRASSICACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. LEPIDIUM
*Lepidium virginicum
2. CORONOPUS
*Coronopus integrifolius
3. PRINGLEA
Pringlea antiscorbutica
4. CARDAMINE
1. *Cardamine hirsuta
2. Cardamine corymbosa
34. MORINGACEAE
MORINGA
*Moringa oleifera
35. SAPOTACEAE
PLANCHONELLA
Planchonella nitida
36. MYRSINACEAE
ARDISIA
Ardisia colorata
37. PITTOSPORACEAE
PITTOSPORUM
Pittosporum ferrugineum
38. CRASSULACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. BRYOPHYLLUM
*Bryophyllum pinnatum
2. CRASSULA
Crassula moschata
39. ROSACEAE
ACAENA
1. Acaena magellanica
2. Acaena minor
40. SURIANACEAE
SURIANA
Suriana maritima
41. MIMOSACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ENTADA
Entada rheedii
2. MIMOSA
1. *Mimosa invisa
2. *Mimosa pudica
3. LEUCAENA
*Leucaena leucocephala
4. ACACIA
*Acacia farnesiana
42. CAESALPINIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. DELONIX
*Delonix regia
2. CAESALPINIA
1. *Caesalpinia pulcherrima
2. Caesalpinia bonduc
3. Caesalpinia crista
3. SENNA
1. *Senna occidentalis
2. *Senna sulfurea
4. BAUHINIA
1. Bauhinia binata
2. *Bauhinia monandra
5. CYNOMETRA
Cynometra ramiflora
6. TAMARINDUS
Tamarindus indica
43. FABACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. INOCARPUS
Inocarpus fagifer
2. DERRIS
Derris elliptica
3. PONGAMIA
Pongamia pinnata
4. SESBANIA
1. *Sesbania bispinosa
2. *Sesbania cannabina
5. INDIGOFERA
Indigofera hirsuta
6. DESMODIUM
*Desmodium triflorum
7. ALYSICARPUS
*Alysicarpus vaginalis
8. ERYTHRINA
Erythrina variegata
9. STRONGYLODON
Strongylodon lucidus
10. MUCUNA
1. Mucuna pruriens
2. *Mucuna albertisii
11. CANAVALIA
1. Canavalia cathartica
2. Canavalia rosea
12. PACHYRHIZUS
*Pachyrhizus erosus
13. GALACTIA
Galactia tenuiflora
14. CALOPOGONIUM
1. *Calopogonium mucunoides
2. *Calopogonium caeruleum
15. PUERARIA
*Pueraria phaseoloides
16. CENTROSEMA
*Centrosema pubescens
17. CLITORIA
*Clitoria ternatea
18. PSOPHOCARPUS
*Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
19. LABLAB
*Lablab purpureus
20. VIGNA
1. *Vigna mungo
2. *Vigna radiata
3. Vigna marina
21. MACROPTILIUM
*Macroptilium atropurpureum
22. PHASEOLUS
*Phaseolus lunatus
23. STYLOSANTHES
*Stylosanthes humilis
24. CROTALARIA
1. Crotalaria pallida
2. *Crotalaria retusa
44. HALORAGACEAE
MYRIOPHYLLUM
Myriophyllum triphyllum
45. LYTHRACEAE
PEMPHIS
Pemphis acidula
46. ONAGRACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. LUDWIGIA
*Ludwigia hyssopifolia
2. EPILOBIUM
1. Epilobium brunnescens
2. Epilobium pedunculare
47. COMBRETACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. TERMINALIA
Terminalia catappa
2. COMBRETUM
Combretum acuminatum
3. QUISQUALIS
Quisqualis indica
48. MYRTACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. SYZYGIUM
Syzygium nervosum
2. PSIDIUM
1. *Psidium guajava
2. *Psidium cattleianum
49. RHIZOPHORACEAE
1. BRUGUIERA
1. Bruguiera gymnorhiza
2. Bruguiera sexangula
2. RHIZOPHORA
Rhizophora apiculata
50. OLACACEAE
XIMENIA
Ximenia americana
51. BALANOPHORACEAE
BALANOPHORA
Balanophora abbreviata
52. CELASTRACEAE
CELASTRUS
Celastrus paniculatus
53. EUPHORBIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. SAUROPUS
*Sauropus androgynus
2. PHYLLANTHUS
1. *Phyllanthus amarus
2. *Phyllanthus acidus
3. ALEURITES
*Aleurites moluccana
4. CROTON
Croton caudatus
5. MANIHOT
1. *Manihot esculenta
2. *Manihot glaziovii
6. CLAOXYLON
Claoxylon indicum
7. ACALYPHA
1. *Acalypha indica
2. *Acalypha lanceolata
8. ALCHORNEA
Alchornea rugosa
9. MACARANGA
Macaranga tanarius
10. RICINUS
*Ricinus communis
11. EUPHORBIA
1. *Euphorbia heterophylla
2. *Euphorbia cyathophora
3. Euphorbia atoto
4. *Euphorbia hirta
5. *Euphorbia prostrata
6. *Euphorbia thymifolia
54. RHAMNACEAE
COLUBRINA
Colubrina pedunculata
55. LEEACEAE
LEEA
Leea angulata
56. VITACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. VITIS
Vitis flexuosa
2. CISSUS
Cissus repens
3. CAYRATIA
1. Cayratia pedata
2. Cayratia trifolia
3. Cayratia japonica
57. SAPINDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. CARDIOSPERMUM
*Cardiospermum halicacabum
2. DODONAEA
Dodonaea viscosa
3. TRISTIROPSIS
Tristiropsis acutangula
4. ALLOPHYLUS
Allophylus cobbe
58. ANACARDIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. MANGIFERA
*Mangifera odorata
2. SPONDIAS
Spondias cytherea
59. MELIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. DYSOXYLUM
Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum
2. MELIA
*Melia azedarach
60. RUTACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. CITRUS
1. *Citrus maxima
2. *Citrus aurantifolia
3. *Citrus microcarpa
2. CLAUSENA
1. *Clausena excavata
2. *Clausena lansium
3. MURRAYA
1. Murraya paniculata
4. TRIPHASIA
Triphasia trifolia
5. ACRONYCHIA
Acronychia trifoliolata
61. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
TRIBULUS
Tribulus cistoides
62. OXALIDACEAE
OXALIS
1. *Oxalis corniculata
2. *Oxalis barrelieri
63. ARALIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. SCHEFFLERA
1. Schefflera elliptica
2. *Schefflera actinophylla
2. POLYSCIAS
*Polyscias fruticosa
3. STILBOCARPA
Stilbocarpa polaris
64. APIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. AZORELLA
1. Azorella macquariensis
2. Azorella selago
2. HYDROCOTYLE
Hydrocotyle novae-zeelandiae
65. GENTIANACEAE
ENICOSTEMA
Enicostema axillare
66. APOCYNACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. CATHARANTHUS
*Catharanthus roseus
2. OCHROSIA
Ochrosia ackeringae
3. NEISOSPERMA
Neisosperma oppositifolium
4. CERBERA
Cerbera manghas
5. VALLARIS
*Vallaris glabra
67. ASCLEPIADACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
HOYA
Hoya aldrichii
Colour Block 2
MAGNOLIOPHYTA continued
DICOTYLEDONAE continued
68. SOLANACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. NICOTIANA
*Nicotiana tabacum
2. LYCIANTHES
Lycianthes biflora
3. SOLANUM
1. Solanum aff. ferox
2. Solanum americanum
4. LYCOPERSICON
*Lycopersicon esculentum
5. CAPSICUM
*Capsicum frutescens
6. PHYSALIS
1. Physalis pubescens
2. Physalis minima
7. DATURA
Datura metel
69. CONVOLVULACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PORANA
*Porana volubilis
2. JACQUEMONTIA
Jacquemontia paniculata
3. MERREMIA
1. Merremia hederacea
2. Merremia peltata
4. XENOSTEGIA
Xenostegia tridentata
5. IPOMOEA
1. *Ipomoea nil
2. *Ipomoea triloba
3. *Ipomoea batatas
4. Ipomoea obscura
5. *Ipomoea aquatica
6. Ipomoea pes-caprae
7. *Ipomoea cairica
8. *Ipomoea hederifolia
9. *Ipomoea quamoclit
10. Ipomoea mauritiana
11. Ipomoea macrantha
6. STICTOCARDIA
Stictocardia tiliifolia
70. BORAGINACEAE
1. CORDIA
1. Cordia subcordata
2. *Cordia curassavica
2. CARMONA
Carmona retusa
3. EHRETIA
Ehretia javanica
4. HELIOTROPIUM
*Heliotropium indicum
5. ARGUSIA
Argusia argentea
71. VERBENACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. STACHYTARPHETA
*Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
2. PHYLA
*Phyla nodiflora
3. CALLICARPA
Callicarpa longifolia
4. CLERODENDRUM
1. *Clerodendrum calamitosum
2. Clerodendrum inerme
5. PREMNA
1. Premna odorata
2. Premna lucidula
3. Premna serratifolia
6. VITEX
*Vitex trifolia
72. LAMIACEAE
1. ANISOMELES
Anisomeles indica
2. LEUCAS
1. Leucas zeylanica
2. Leucas flaccida
3. HYPTIS
*Hyptis capitata
4. OCIMUM
*Ocimum americanum
73. CALLITRICHACEAE
CALLITRICHE
Callitriche antarctica
74. PLANTAGINACEAE
PLANTAGO
*Plantago major
75. OLEACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. LIGUSTRUM
Ligustrum glomeratum
2. JASMINUM
*Jasminum sambac
76. SCROPHULARIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. LINDERNIA
Lindernia crustacea
2. SCOPARIA
*Scoparia dulcis
3. STRIGA
Striga angustifolia
77. ACANTHACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. RUELLIA
Ruellia prostrata
2. BARLERIA
1. *Barleria cristata
2. *Barleria lupulina
3. ANDROGRAPHIS
*Andrographis paniculata
4. ASYSTASIA
1. Asystasia alba
2.*Asystasia gangetica
3. *Asystasia sp.
4. *Asystasia cf. chelonoides
5. DICLIPTERA
1. Dicliptera ciliata
2. Dicliptera maclearii
6. PERISTROPHE
*Peristrophe bivalvis
7. JUSTICIA
*Justicia gendarussa
78. BIGNONIACEAE
TECOMA
*Tecoma stans
79. CAMPANULACEAE
HIPPOBROMA
*Hippobroma longiflora
80. GOODENIACEAE
SCAEVOLA
Scaevola taccada
81. RUBIACEAE
KEY TO TROPICAL GENERA
KEY TO SUBANTARCTIC GENERA
1. OLDENLANDIA
1. *Oldenlandia corymbosa
2. *Oldenlandia pumila
2. AIDIA
Aidia aff. racemosa
3. GUETTARDA
Guettarda speciosa
4. MORINDA
Morinda citrifolia
5. AMARACARPUS
Amaracarpus pubescens
6. PAEDERIA
*Paederia foetida
7. SPERMACOCE
1. *Spermacoce assurgens
2. Spermacoce mauritiana
8. COPROSMA
Coprosma perpusilla
9. GALIUM
Galium antarcticum
82. ASTERACEAE
KEY TO TROPICAL GENERA
KEY TO SUBANTARCTIC GENERA
1. SONCHUS
*Sonchus oleraceus
2. VERNONIA
*Vernonia cinerea
3. AGERATUM
*Ageratum conyzoides
4. MIKANIA
*Mikania micrantha
5. ASTER
*Aster subulatus
6. PLEUROPHYLLUM
Pleurophyllum hookeri
7. CONYZA
*Conyza bonariensis
8. BLUMEA
1. Blumea lanceolaria
2. Blumea balsamifera
9. PLUCHEA
*Pluchea indica
10. ECLIPTA
*Eclipta prostrata
11. WEDELIA
*Wedelia trilobata
12. MELANTHERA
Melanthera biflora
13. TITHONIA
*Tithonia diversifolia
14. ELEUTHERANTHERA
*Eleutheranthera ruderalis
15. SYNEDRELLA
*Synedrella nodiflora
16. BIDENS
*Bidens pilosa
17. TRIDAX
*Tridax procumbens
18. ARTEMISIA
*Artemisia vulgaris
19. COTULA
Cotula plumosa
20. CRASSOCEPHALUM
*Crassocephalum crepidioides
21. EMILIA
Emilia sonchifolia
Excluded species
MONOCOTYLEDONAE
83. HYDROCHARITACEAE
THALASSIA
Thalassia hemprichii
84. CYMODOCEACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. THALASSODENDRON
Thalassodendron ciliatum
2. SYRINGODIUM
Syringodium isoetifolium
85. ARECACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ARENGA
Arenga listeri
2. COCOS
Cocos nucifera
86. PANDANACEAE
PANDANUS
1. Pandanus tectorius
2. Pandanus christmatensis
3. Pandanus elatus
87. ARACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. XANTHOSOMA
*Xanthosoma sagittifolium
2. COLOCASIA
*Colocasia esculenta
3. REMUSATIA
Remusatia vivipara
88. COMMELINACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. COMMELINA
*Commelina benghalensis
2. RHOEO
*Rhoeo spathacea
89. JUNCACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. JUNCUS
Juncus scheuchzerioides
2. LUZULA
Luzula crinita
90. CYPERACEAE
KEY TO GENERA ON TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL ISLANDS
KEY TO GENERA ON SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS
1. CYPERUS
1. *Cyperus compressus
2. *Cyperus rotundus
3. Cyperus stolonifer
2. MARISCUS
1. Mariscus javanicus
2. *Mariscus macrocarpus
3. PYCREUS
Pycreus polystachyos
4. QUEENSLANDIELLA
Queenslandiella hyalina
5. KYLLINGA
1. *Kyllinga polyphylla
2. *Kyllinga nemoralis
6. ISOLEPIS
Isolepis aucklandica
7. FIMBRISTYLIS
Fimbristylis cymosa
8. UNCINIA
1. Uncinia hookeri
2. Uncinia divaricata
9. CAREX
Carex trifida
91. POACEAE
KEY TO SUBTROPICAL GENERA
KEY TO SUBANTARCTIC GENERA
Subfam. POOIDEAE
Trib. POEAE
1. FESTUCA
Festuca contracta
2. PUCCINELLIA
Puccinellia macquariensis
3. POA
1. Poa foliosa
2. Poa cookii
3. Poa litorosa
4. Poa kerguelensis
5. *Poa annua
Trib. AVENEAE
4. DESCHAMPSIA
1. Deschampsia chapmanii
2. Deschampsia caespitosa
3. Deschampsia antarctica
5. ANTHOXANTHUM
*Anthoxanthum odoratum
6. AGROSTIS
Agrostis magellanica
Subfam. ARUNDINOIDEAE
Trib. ARUNDINEAE
7. ARUNDO
*Arundo donax
Subfam. CHLORIDOIDEAE
Trib. ERAGROSTIDEAE
8. ERAGROSTIS
1. Eragrostis tenella
2. *Eragrostis pilosa
3. Eragrostis elongata
9. ELEUSINE
*Eleusine indica
10. DACTYLOCTENIUM
*Dactyloctenium aegyptium
11. DESMOSTACHYA
*Desmostachya bipinnata
Trib. SPOROBOLEAE
12. SPOROBOLUS
1. Sporobolus fertilis
2. Sporobolus virginicus
Trib. LEPTUREAE
13. LEPTURUS
Lepturus repens
Trib. CYNODONTEAE
14. CHLORIS
*Chloris barbata
15. LEPTUROPETIUM
Lepturopetium sp.
16. CYNODON
1.*Cynodon dactylon
2. *Cynodon arcuatus
17. ZOYSIA
Zoysia matrella
Subfam. PANICOIDEAE
Trib. PANICEAE
18. OPLISMENUS
Oplismenus compositus
19. PANICUM
1. *Panicum trichoides
2. Panicum repens
20. ECHINOCHLOA
*Echinochloa colona
21. BRACHIARIA
1.*Brachiaria reptans
2. *Brachiaria subquadripara
3. *Brachiaria ramosa
4. *Brachiaria mutica
5. *Brachiaria brizantha
22. ERIOCHLOA
*Eriochloa meyeriana
23. THUAREA
Thuarea involuta
24. UROCHLOA
*Urochloa mosambicensis
25. PASPALUM
1. *Paspalum conjugatum
2. Paspalum vaginatum
26. AXONOPUS
*Axonopus compressus
27. SETARIA
Setaria clivalis
28. STENOTAPHRUM
Stenotaphrum micranthum
29. RHYNCHELYTRUM
*Rhynchelytrum repens
30. DIGITARIA
1. Digitaria setigera
2. Digitaria radicosa
3. Digitaria mariannensis
4. Digitaria ctenantha
31. CENCHRUS
1. *Cenchrus brownii
2. *Cenchrus echinatus
3. *Cenchrus ciliaris
32. SPINIFEX
Spinifex littoreus
33. SACCHARUM
*Saccharum spontaneum
34. IMPERATA
*Imperata cylindrica
35. SORGHUM
1. Sorghum propinquum
2. *Sorghum bicolor
36. CHRYSOPOGON
*Chrysopogon aciculatus
37. BOTHRIOCHLOA
*Bothriochloa bladhii
38. ISCHAEMUM
1. Ischaemum muticum
2. Ischaemum nativitatis
39. APLUDA
Apluda mutica
40. ROTTBOELLIA
Rottboellia cochinchinensis
92. CANNACEAE
CANNA
*Canna indica
93. LILIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. CRINUM
Crinum asiaticum
2. ZEPHYRANTHES
*Zephyranthes rosea
94. DIOSCOREACEAE
DIOSCOREA
1. Dioscorea bulbifera
2. Dioscorea alata
95. ORCHIDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. CORYMBORKIS
Corymborkis veratrifolia
2. ZEUXINE
Zeuxine exilis
3. DIDYMOPLEXIS
Didymoplexis pallens
4. ERIA
Eria retusa
5. PHREATIA
Phreatia listeri
6. THELASIS
Thelasis capitata
7. DENDROBIUM
Dendrobium crumenatum
8. FLICKINGERIA
Flickingeria nativitatis
9. THRIXSPERMUM
Thrixspermum carinatifolium
10. BRACHYPEZA
Brachypeza archytas
11. TAENIOPHYLLUM
Taeniophyllum hasseltii
12. CORYBAS
Corybas dienemus
PINOPHYTA
96. CYCADACEAE
CYCAS
Cycas rumphii
PTERIDOPHYTA AND ALLIES
97. LYCOPODIACEAE
HUPERZIA
1. Huperzia phlegmaria
2. Huperzia australiana
98. SELAGINELLACEAE
SELAGINELLA
Selaginella alutacia
99. PSILOTACEAE
PSILOTUM
Psilotum nudum
100. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
OPHIOGLOSSUM
1. Ophioglossum pendulum
2. Ophioglossum reticulatum
101. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. HYMENOPHYLLUM
Hymenophyllum falklandicum
2. GONOCORMUS
Gonocormus saxifragoides
102. ADIANTACEAE
PITYROGRAMMA
*Pityrogramma calomelanos
103. VITTARIACEAE
VITTARIA
Vittaria elongata
104. PTERIDACEAE
PTERIS
1. Pteris vittata
2. Pteris tripartita
105. POLYPODIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. LEPTOCHILUS
Leptochilus decurrens
2. MICROSORUM
1. Microsorum punctatum
2. Microsorum scolopendria
3. PYRROSIA
Pyrrosia lanceolata
106. GRAMMITIDACEAE
GRAMMITIS
Grammitis poeppigiana
107. THELYPTERIDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PNEUMATOPTERIS
Pneumatopteris truncata
2. AMPHINEURON
*Amphineuron opulentum
108. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
MICROLEPIA
Microlepia speluncae
109. ASPLENIACEAE
ASPLENIUM
1. Asplenium nidus
2. Asplenium polyodon
3. Asplenium listeri
110. DRYOPTERIDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. POLYSTICHUM
Polystichum vestitum
2. TECTARIA
1. Tectaria devexa
2. Tectaria dissecta
3. Tectaria siifolia
3. PTERIDRYS
Pteridrys syrmatica
111. LOMARIOPSIDACEAE
BOLBITIS
Bolbitis heteroclita
112. DAVALLIACEAE
BLECHNUM
Blechnum penna-marina
KEY TO GENERA
1. DAVALLIA
1. Davallia solida
2. Davallia denticulata
2. ARTHROPTERIS
Arthropteris palisotii
3. NEPHROLEPIS
1. Nephrolepis biserrata
2. Nephrolepis multiflora
113. BLECHNACEAE
APPENDIX
PANDANACEAE
PANDANUS
JUNCACEAE
LUZULA
POACEAE
PUCCINELLIA
ORCHIDACEAE
CORYBAS
ASPLENIACEAE
ASPLENIUM
SUPPLEMENTARY GLOSSARY
A–M
N–V
Abbreviations and Contractions
Literature
Herbaria
States, Territories
General abbreviations
Symbols
Publication date of previous volumes
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Back endpaper
Back flap
Back cover
