Flora of Australia Ferns, Gymnosperms and Allied Groups Volume 48

Cover
Front endpaper
Frontispiece
Title page
CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 48
ILLUSTRATORS
PHOTOGRAPHERS
FLORA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
INTRODUCTION
Scope and Presentation of the Flora
Acknowledgments
INTRODUCTION TO THE FERNS AND FERN ALLIES
History
Morphology
Stems
Roots
Stipe
Rachis
Lamina
Sori
Sporangia
Spores
Gametophyte
Vegetative reproduction
Cytology
Polyploidy in homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes
Biogeography
Ecology
Tropical mesic environment
Rainforest floor
Rainforest streambanks and mid-mountain forests
Rainforest low-epiphytes
Rainforest low-climbers
Mossy forests
Rocks and cliffs in rainforest
Tropical xeric-epiphytic environment
Rainforest high-epiphytes
Rainforest high-climbers
Epiphytes of coastal areas
Epiphytes of semi-open lowland forests
Tropical xeric-terrestrial environment
Temperate environment
DNA Research
References
CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY
The Age of Enlightenment
The Era of Consolidation
New Approaches
Classification used in this Volume
References
THE FOSSIL RECORD OF FERNS AND FERN ALLIES IN AUSTRALIA
Introduction
Fern Allies
Isoetes
Selaginella
Tmesipteris
Ferns
Blechnaceae
Cyatheaceae
Dicksoniaceae
Culcitaceae
Gleicheniaceae
Hymenophyllaceae
Osmundaceae
Azollaceae
Schizaeaceae
Lygodiaceae
Discussion
References
KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF FERNS AND FERN ALLIES IN AUSTRALIA
PSILOTOPHYTA
PSILOTACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PSILOTUM
1. Psilotum complanatum
2. Psilotum nudum
2. TMESIPTERIS
1. Tmesipteris obliqua
2. Tmesipteris truncata
3. Tmesipteris elongata
4. Tmesipteris ovata
5. Tmesipteris parva
6. Tmesipteris lanceolata
LYCOPODIOPHYTA
ISOETACEAE
ISOETES
1. Isoetes gunnii
2. Isoetes inflata
3. Isoetes australis
4. Isoetes coromandelina
5. Isoetes cristata
6. Isoetes humilior
7. Isoetes muelleri
8. Isoetes pusilla
9. Isoetes brevicula
10. Isoetes caroli
11. Isoetes mongerensis
12. Isoetes tripus
13. Isoetes attenuata
14. Isoetes drummondii
14a. Isoetes drummondii subsp. drummondii
14b. Isoetes drummondii subsp. anomala
15. Isoetes elatior
LYCOPODIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. LYCOPODIUM
Sect. 1. Diphasium
1. Lycopodium scariosum
Sect. 2. Magellanica
2. Lycopodium fastigiatum
Sect. 3. Pseudodiphasium
3. Lycopodium volubile
Sect. 4. Pseudolycopodium
4. Lycopodium deuterodensum
Doubtful and excluded names
2. LYCOPODIELLA
Sect. 1. Caroliniana
1. Lycopodiella serpentina
2. Lycopodiella limosa
Sect. 2. Campylostachys
3. Lycopodiella cernua
Sect. 3. Lateristachys
4. Lycopodiella diffusa
5. Lycopodiella lateralis
3. HUPERZIA
1. Huperzia australiana
2. Huperzia serrata
3. Huperzia carinata
4. Huperzia lockyeri
5. Huperzia dalhousieana
6. Huperzia varia
7. Huperzia prolifera
8. Huperzia filiformis
9. Huperzia phlegmaria
10. Huperzia phlegmarioides
11. Huperzia marsupiiformis
12. Huperzia squarrosa
4. PHYLLOGLOSSUM
Phylloglossum drummondii
SELAGINELLACEAE
SELAGINELLA
KEY TO SUBGENERA
KEY TO SPECIES
Subg. 1. Ericetorum
1. Selaginella gracillima
2. Selaginella uliginosa
3. Selaginella pygmaea
4. Selaginella sp. A
Subg. 2. Stachygynandrum
5. Selaginella australiensis
6. Selaginella longipinna
7. *Selaginella kraussiana
8. Selaginella brisbanensis
9. Selaginella andrewsii
Subg. 3. Heterostachys
10. Selaginella ciliaris
11. Selaginella longiciliata
EQUISETOPHYTA
EQUISETACEAE
EQUISETUM
*Equisetum arvense
POLYPODIOPHYTA
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. BOTRYCHIUM
1. Botrychium australe
2. Botrychium lunaria
2. HELMINTHOSTACHYS
Helminthostachys zeylanica
3. OPHIOGLOSSUM
Subg. 1. Ophioderma
1. Ophioglossum pendulum
2. Ophioglossum intermedium
Subg. 2. Ophioglossum
3. Ophioglossum costatum
4. Ophioglossum reticulatum
5. Ophioglossum polyphyllum
6. Ophioglossum lusitanicum
7. Ophioglossum gramineum
MARATTIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ANGIOPTERIS
Angiopteris evecta
2. MARATTIA
Marattia oreades
Doubtful record
OSMUNDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. TODEA
Todea barbara
2. LEPTOPTERIS
Leptopteris fraseri
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. TRICHOMANES
1. Trichomanes bimarginatum
2. Trichomanes mindorense
3. Trichomanes motleyi
4. Trichomanes tahitense
5. Trichomanes exiguum
2. SPHAEROCIONIUM
1. Sphaerocionium applanatum
2. Sphaerocionium lyallii
3. HYMENOPHYLLUM
1. Hymenophyllum cupressiforme
2. Hymenophyllum gracilescens
3. Hymenophyllum peltatum
4. Hymenophyllum pumilum
5. Hymenophyllum bivalve
6. Hymenophyllum kerianum
7. Hymenophyllum lobbii
8. Hymenophyllum subdimidiatum
9. Hymenophyllum baileyanum
10. Hymenophyllum australe
11. Hymenophyllum rarum
12. Hymenophyllum polyanthon
13. Hymenophyllum samoense
14. Hymenophyllum javanicum
15. Hymenophyllum eboracense
16. Hymenophyllum whitei
17. Hymenophyllum walleri
18. Hymenophyllum flabellatum
19. Hymenophyllum marginatum
Excluded names
4. CREPIDOMANES
1. Crepidomanes barnardianum
2. Crepidomanes bipunctatum
3. Crepidomanes kurzii
4. Crepidomanes majoriae
5. Crepidomanes walleri
6. Crepidomanes venosum
7. Crepidomanes aphlebioides
8. Crepidomanes johnstonense
9. Crepidomanes proliferum
10. Crepidomanes saxifragoides
11. Crepidomanes endlicherianum
12. Crepidomanes humile
13. Crepidomanes digitatum
14. Crepidomanes vitiense
15. Crepidomanes pallidum
5. CEPHALOMANES
1. Cephalomanes atrovirens
2. Cephalomanes caudatum
3. Cephalomanes brassii
4. Cephalomanes obscurum
GLEICHENIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. GLEICHENIA
1. Gleichenia microphylla
2. Gleichenia mendellii
3. Gleichenia rupestris
4. Gleichenia dicarpa
5. Gleichenia alpina
6. Gleichenia abscida
2. DIPLOPTERYGIUM
Diplopterygium longissimum
3. STICHERUS
1. Sticherus flabellatus
1a. Sticherus flabellatus var. flabellatus
1b. Sticherus flabellatus var. compactus
2. Sticherus lobatus
3. Sticherus urceolatus
4. Sticherus tener
5. Sticherus milnei
Excluded name
4. DICRANOPTERIS
Dicranopteris linearis
a. Dicranopteris linearis var. linearis
b. Dicranopteris linearis var. subferruginea
c. Dicranopteris linearis var. altissima
PLATYZOMATACEAE
PLATYZOMA
Platyzoma microphyllum
DIPTERIDACEAE
DIPTERIS
Dipteris conjugata
MARSILEACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. MARSILEA
1. Marsilea mutica
2. Marsilea drummondii
3. Marsilea latzii
4. Marsilea costulifera
5. Marsilea angustifolia
6. Marsilea crenata
7. Marsilea hirsuta
8. Marsilea exarata
2. PILULARIA
Pilularia novae-hollandiae
SALVINIACEAE
SALVINIA
*Salvinia molesta
AZOLLACEAE
AZOLLA
1. Azolla filiculoides
2. Azolla pinnata
SCHIZAEACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ACTINOSTACHYS
1. Actinostachys digitata
2. Actinostachys wagneri
2. SCHIZAEA
1. Schizaea dichotoma
2. Schizaea bifida
3. Schizaea rupestris
4. Schizaea fistulosa
5. Schizaea malaccana
LYGODIACEAE
LYGODIUM
1. Lygodium reticulatum
2. Lygodium microphyllum
3. Lygodium flexuosum
4. *Lygodium japonicum
DICKSONIACEAE
DICKSONIA
1. Dicksonia antarctica
2. Dicksonia youngiae
3. Dicksonia herbertii
CULCITACEAE
CALOCHLAENA
1. Calochlaena dubia
2. Calochlaena villosa
CYATHEACEAE
CYATHEA
Subg. 1. Cyathea
1. Cyathea robertsiana
2. Cyathea woollsiana
3. Cyathea exilis
4. Cyathea australis
5. Cyathea cunninghamii
6. Cyathea × marcescens
7. Cyathea rebeccae
8. Cyathea baileyana
Subg. 2. Sphaeropteris
9. Cyathea felina
10. Cyathea cooperi
11. Cyathea celebica
12. Cyathea leichhardtiana
Excluded species
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. DENNSTAEDTIA
Dennstaedtia davallioides
2. MICROLEPIA
Microlepia speluncae
3. HYPOLEPIS
1. Hypolepis distans
2. Hypolepis amaurorachis
3. Hypolepis rugosula
4. Hypolepis muelleri
5. Hypolepis glandulifera
6. Hypolepis elegans
7. Hypolepis tenuifolia
8. *Hypolepis dicksonioides
4. PTERIDIUM
1. Pteridium esculentum
hpg2. Pteridium revolutum
3. *Pteridium aquilinum
Hybrid
5. HISTIOPTERIS
Histiopteris incisa
LINDSAEACEAE
LINDSAEA
1. Lindsaea pulchella
2. Lindsaea repens
2a. Lindsaea repens var. sessilis
2b. Lindsaea repens var. marquesensis
2c. Lindsaea repens var. lingulata
3. Lindsaea linearis
4. Lindsaea walkerae
5. Lindsaea fraseri
6. Lindsaea dimorpha
7. Lindsaea brachypoda
8. Lindsaea orbiculata
9. Lindsaea terrae-reginae
10. Lindsaea obtusa
11. Lindsaea ensifolia
11a. Lindsaea subsp. ensifolia
11b. Lindsaea ensifolia subsp. agatii
12. Lindsaea incisa
13. Lindsaea trichomanoides
14. Lindsaea microphylla
15. Lindsaea media
PTERIDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ACROSTICHUM
1. Acrostichum aureum
2. Acrostichum speciosum
2. PTERIS
1. Pteris orientalis
2. Pteris vittata
3. Pteris tripartita
4. Pteris pacifica
5. *Pteris cretica
6. *Pteris semipinnata
7. #Pteris ensiformis
8. Pteris umbrosa
9. Pteris tremula
10. Pteris comans
ADIANTACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ANOGRAMMA
Anogramma leptophylla
2. TAENITIS
1. Taenitis blechnoides
2. Taenitis pinnata
3. ADIANTUM
1. Adiantum philippense
2. Adiantum capillus-veneris
3. Adiantum aethiopicum
4. Adiantum atroviride
5. Adiantum diaphanum
6. Adiantum formosum
7. Adiantum hispidulum
7a. Adiantum hispidulum var. hispidulum
7b. Adiantum hispidulum var. whitei
7c. Adiantum hispidulum var. hypoglaucum
7d. Adiantum hispidulum var. minus
8. Adiantum silvaticum
4. PITYROGRAMMA
Pityrogramma calomelanos
a. *Pityrogramma calomelanos var. calomelanos
b. *Pityrogramma calomelanos var. austroamericana
5. PARACETERACH
1. Paraceterach muelleri
2. Paraceterach reynoldsii
6. PELLAEA
1. Pellaea falcata
2. Pellaea nana
3. Pellaea paradoxa
4. Pellaea calidirupium
5. *Pellaea viridis
7. DORYOPTERIS
1. Doryopteris concolor
2. Doryopteris ludens
8. CHEILANTHES
1. Cheilanthes sieberi
1a. Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi
1b. Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. pseudovellea
2. Cheilanthes adiantoides
3. Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia
4. Cheilanthes tenuifolia
5. Cheilanthes contigua
6. Cheilanthes fragillima
7. Cheilanthes caudata
8. Cheilanthes nitida
9. Cheilanthes praetermissa
10. Cheilanthes pumilio
11. Cheilanthes prenticei
12. Cheilanthes nudiuscula
13. Cheilanthes brownii
14. Cheilanthes lasiophylla
15. Cheilanthes distans
PARKERIACEAE
CERATOPTERIS
Ceratopteris thalictroides
VITTARIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ANTROPHYUM
1. Antrophyum callifolium
2. Antrophyum plantagineum
3. Antrophyum jagoanum
4. Antrophyum subfalcatum
5. Antrophyum austroqueenslandicum
2. VITTARIA
1. Vittaria elongata
2. Vittaria ensiformis
3. MONOGRAMMA
1. Monogramma dareicarpa
2. Monogramma acrocarpa
ASPLENIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ASPLENIUM
1. Asplenium trichomanes
2. Asplenium flabellifolium
3. Asplenium simplicifrons
4. Asplenium australasicum
5. Asplenium harmanii
6. Asplenium nidus
7. Asplenium obtusatum
8. Asplenium difforme
9. Asplenium flaccidum
10. Asplenium appendiculatum
11. Asplenium bulbiferum
12. Asplenium hookerianum
13. Asplenium baileyanum
14. Asplenium athertonense
15. Asplenium attenuatum
15a. Asplenium attenuatum var. attenuatum
15b. Asplenium attenuatum var. indivisum
16. Asplenium paleaceum
17. Asplenium bicentenniale
18. Asplenium carnarvonense
19. Asplenium capitisyork
20. Asplenium polyodon
21. Asplenium pellucidum
22. Asplenium cuneatum
23. Asplenium laserpitiifolium
24. Asplenium aethiopicum
25. Asplenium wildii
26. Asplenium excisum
27. Asplenium unilaterale
28. Asplenium normale
29. Asplenium tenerum
30. Asplenium parvum
Hybrids
Excluded names
Doubtful name
Doubtful records
2. PLEUROSORUS
1. Pleurosorus rutifolius
2. Pleurosorus subglandulosus
THELYPTERIDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. MACROTHELYPTERIS
1. Macrothelypteris polypodioides
2. Macrothelypteris torresiana
2. AMPELOPTERIS
Ampelopteris prolifera
3. PRONEPHRIUM
1. Pronephrium asperum
2. Pronephrium triphyllum
4. THELYPTERIS
Thelypteris confluens
5. CYCLOSORUS
Cyclosorus interruptus
6. PLESIONEURON
Plesioneuron tuberculatum
7. CHINGIA
Chingia australis
8. CHRISTELLA
1. Christella parasitica
2. Christella arida
3. Christella hispidula
4. Christella dentata
5. Christella subpubescens
9. AMPHINEURON
1. Amphineuron immersum
2. Amphineuron terminans
3. Amphineuron queenslandicum
4. Amphineuron opulentum
10. SPHAEROSTEPHANOS
1. Sphaerostephanos unitus
2. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpus
Excluded name
11. PNEUMATOPTERIS
1. Pneumatopteris sogerensis
2. Pneumatopteris pennigera
3. Pneumatopteris costata
BLECHNACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PTERIDOBLECHNUM
1. Pteridoblechnum neglectum
2. Pteridoblechnum acuminatum
2. STENOCHLAENA
Stenochlaena palustris
3. BLECHNUM
1. Blechnum ambiguum
2. Blechnum articulatum
3. Blechnum camfieldii
4. Blechnum cartilagineum
5. Blechnum chambersii
6. Blechnum fluviatile
7. Blechnum gregsonii
8. Blechnum indicum
9. Blechnum minus
10. Blechnum nudum
11. *Blechnum occidentale
12. Blechnum orientale
13. Blechnum patersonii
13a. Blechnum patersonii subsp. patersonii
13b. Blechnum patersonii subsp. queenslandicum
14. Blechnum penna-marina
15. Blechnum vulcanicum
16. Blechnum wattsii
17. Blechnum whelanii
18. Blechnum wurunuran
Excluded name
4. DOODIA
1. Doodia maxima
2. Doodia aspera
3. Doodia heterophylla
4. Doodia media
5. Doodia australis
6. Doodia linearis
7. Doodia caudata
8. Doodia dissecta
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. TECTARIA
1. Tectaria devexa
2. Tectaria confluens
3. Tectaria brachiata
4. Tectaria siifolia
2. CYRTOMIUM
*Cyrtomium falcatum
3. COVENIELLA
Coveniella poecilophlebia
4. REVWATTSIA
Revwattsia fragile
5. RUMOHRA
Rumohra adiantiformis
6. POLYSTICHUM
1. Polystichum proliferum
2. Polystichum australiense
3. Polystichum fallax
4. Polystichum formosum
7. LASTREOPSIS
1. Lastreopsis hispida
2. Lastreopsis acuminata
3. Lastreopsis smithiana
4. Lastreopsis windsorensis
5. Lastreopsis tinarooensis
6. Lastreopsis grayi
7. Lastreopsis marginans
8. Lastreopsis tenera
9. Lastreopsis microsora
10. Lastreopsis decomposita
11. Lastreopsis walleri
12. Lastreopsis silvestris
13. Lastreopsis wurunuran
14. Lastreopsis munita
15. Lastreopsis rufescens
8. DRYOPTERIS
1. Dryopteris sparsa
2. Dryopteris hasseltii
9. ARACHNIODES
Arachniodes aristata
ATHYRIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. CYSTOPTERIS
Cystopteris tasmanica
2. DEPARIA
Deparia petersenii
3. CALLIPTERIS
Callipteris prolifera
4. DIPLAZIUM
1. Diplazium cordifolium
2. Diplazium dietrichianum
3. *Diplazium esculentum
4. Diplazium pallidum
5. Diplazium dameriae
6. Diplazium dilatatum
7. Diplazium assimile
8. Diplazium australe
9. Diplazium queenslandicum
10. Diplazium bostockii
LOMARIOPSIDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ELAPHOGLOSSUM
1. Elaphoglossum callifolium
2. Elaphoglossum queenslandicum
2. BOLBITIS
1. Bolbitis quoyana
2. Bolbitis taylorii
3. LOMARIOPSIS
Lomariopsis kingii
4. TERATOPHYLLUM
Teratophyllum brightiae
DAVALLIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. DAVALLIA
1. Davallia denticulata
2. Davallia solida
2a. Davallia solida var. solida
2b. Davallia solida var. pyxidata
3. Davallia repens
4. Davallia pectinata
2. NEPHROLEPIS
1. Nephrolepis acutifolia
2. #Nephrolepis cordifolia
3. Nephrolepis arida
4. Nephrolepis hirsutula
5. Nephrolepis obliterata
6. Nephrolepis biserrata
3. OLEANDRA
Oleandra neriiformis
4. ARTHROPTERIS
1. Arthropteris beckleri
2. Arthropteris palisotii
3. Arthropteris submarginalis
4. Arthropteris tenella
GRAMMITIDACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. GRAMMITIS
1. Grammitis leonardii
2. Grammitis albosetosa
3. Grammitis reinwardtii
4. Grammitis queenslandica
5. Grammitis wurunuran
6. Grammitis billardierei
7. Grammitis pseudociliata
8. Grammitis magellanica
9. Grammitis poeppigiana
10. Grammitis garrettii
11. Grammitis gunnii
12. Grammitis stenophylla
2. CTENOPTERIS
1. Ctenopteris blechnoides
2. Ctenopteris gordonii
3. Ctenopteris heterophylla
4. Ctenopteris walleri
3. PROSAPTIA
1. Prosaptia fuscopilosa
2. Prosaptia maidenii
3. Prosaptia contigua
4. SCLEROGLOSSUM
Scleroglossum wooroonooran
5. CALYMMODON
Calymmodon luerssenianus
POLYPODIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. BELVISIA
Belvisia mucronata
Excluded name
2. COLYSIS
1. Colysis ampla
2. Colysis sayeri
3. CRYPSINUS
Crypsinus simplicissimus
4. DICTYMIA
Dictymia brownii
5. DRYNARIA
1. Drynaria rigidula
2. Drynaria sparsisora
3. Drynaria × dumicola
4. Drynaria quercifolia
6. LEMMAPHYLLUM
Lemmaphyllum accedens
7. MICROSORUM
1. Microsorum punctatum
2. Microsorum australiense
3. Microsorum maximum
4. Microsorum scolopendria
5. Microsorum grossum
6. Microsorum membranifolium
7. Microsorum scandens
8. Microsorum pustulatum
8. LECANOPTERIS
Lecanopteris sinuosa
9. PLATYCERIUM
1. Platycerium superbum
2. Platycerium veitchii
3. Platycerium hillii
4. Platycerium bifurcatum
10. PYRROSIA
1. Pyrrosia longifolia
2. Pyrrosia rupestris
3. Pyrrosia lanceolata
4. Pyrrosia confluens
4a. Pyrrosia confluens var. confluens
4b. Pyrrosia confluens var. dielsii
11. GONIOPHLEBIUM
1. Goniophlebium percussum
2. Goniophlebium subauriculatum
INCERTAE SEDIS
'GYMNOSPERMS' — THE PARAPHYLETIC STEM OF SEED PLANTS
Introduction
From Linnaeus to 1900
The Early Twentieth Century
The Late Twentieth Century
Origins of the 'Gymnosperms'
DIVISION PINOPHYTA — THE CONIFERS
Relationships
Morphology and Anatomy
Reproductive Biology
Distribution and Ecology
Cupressaceae
Podocarpaceae
Araucariaceae
DIVISION CYCADOPHYTA — THE CYCADS
Relationships
Morphology and Anatomy
Reproductive Biology
Dispersal
Distribution and Ecology
Cycadaceae
Zamiaceae
Stangeriaceae
References
THE FOSSIL RECORD OF CONIFERS IN AUSTRALIA
Introduction
Early History of the Living Australian Conifer Families
Araucariaceae Macrofossils in Australia
Cupressaceae Macrofossils in Australia
Podocarpaceae Macrofossils in Australia
Production of multiveined leaves
Extreme development of univeined leaves
Twisting of the petiole
Bilateral flattening of leaves
Replacement of leaves by flattened phylloclades
References
THE FOSSIL RECORD OF CYCADS IN AUSTRALIA
Introduction
Bowenia
Lepidozamia
Macrozamia
Pterostoma
Discussion
References
PINOPHYTA
KEY TO FAMILIES BASED ON FEMALE SPECIMENS
KEY TO FAMILIES BASED ON MALE SPECIMENS
KEY TO FAMILIES BASED ON VEGETATIVE SPECIMENS
PODOCARPACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PRUMNOPITYS
Prumnopitys ladei
2. SUNDACARPUS
Sundacarpus amara
3. AFROCARPUS
*Afrocarpus falcata
4. PODOCARPUS
Subg. 1. Podocarpus
1. Podocarpus lawrencei
2. Podocarpus smithii
Subg. 2. Foliolatus
3. Podocarpus grayi
4. Podocarpus dispermus
5. Podocarpus elatus
6. Podocarpus spinulosus
7. Podocarpus drouynianus
5. MICROCACHRYS
Microcachrys tetragona
6. PHYLLOCLADUS
Phyllocladus aspleniifolius
7. LAGAROSTROBOS
Lagarostrobos franklinii
8. MICROSTROBOS
1. Microstrobos niphophilus
2. Microstrobos fitzgeraldii
ARAUCARIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. AGATHIS
1. Agathis robusta
2. Agathis atropurpurea
3. Agathis microstachya
Excluded names
2. WOLLEMIA
Wollemia nobilis
3. ARAUCARIA
1. Araucaria cunninghamii
2. Araucaria bidwillii
CUPRESSACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. ATHROTAXIS
1. Athrotaxis selaginoides
2. Athrotaxis cupressoides
Excluded names
2. CUPRESSUS
*Cupressus macrocarpa
3. DISELMA
Diselma archeri
4. ACTINOSTROBUS
1. Actinostrobus pyramidalis
2. Actinostrobus arenarius
3. Actinostrobus acuminatus
5. CALLITRIS
1. Callitris intratropica
2. Callitris columellaris
3. Callitris glaucophylla
4. Callitris verrucosa
5. Callitris tuberculata
6. Callitris preissii
7. Callitris gracilis
7a. Callitris gracilis subsp. gracilis
7b. Callitris gracilis subsp. murrayensis
8. Callitris canescens
9. Callitris roei
10. Callitris drummondii
11. Callitris baileyi
12. Callitris macleayana
13. Callitris muelleri
14. Callitris oblonga
14a. Callitris oblonga subsp. oblonga
14b. Callitris oblonga subsp. corangensis
14c. Callitris oblonga subsp. parva
15. Callitris monticola
16. Callitris rhomboidea
17. Callitris endlicheri
Excluded, misapplied and uncertain names
PINACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. PINUS
1. *Pinus brutia
2. *Pinus canariensis
3. *Pinus contorta
4. *Pinus elliottii
5. *Pinus halepensis
6. *Pinus nigra
7. *Pinus pinaster
8. *Pinus pinea
9. *Pinus ponderosa
10. *Pinus radiata
11. *Pinus taeda
2. PICEA
*Picea abies
CYCADOPHYTA
CYCADALES
KEY TO FAMILIES
CYCADACEAE
CYCAS
Ser. 1. Endemicosae
1. Cycas silvestris
2. Cycas media
2a. Cycas media subsp. media
2b. Cycas media subsp. ensata
2c. Cycas media subsp. banksii
3. Cycas megacarpa
Ser. 2. Yorkianosae
4. Cycas yorkiana
5. Cycas badensis
6. Cycas tuckeri
7. Cycas semota
Ser. 3. Cairnsianosae
8. Cycas ophiolitica
9. Cycas platyphylla
10. Cycas cairnsiana
11. Cycas couttsiana
12. Cycas desolata
13. Cycas brunnea
14. Cycas angulata
Ser. 5. Armstrongiosae
15. Cycas xipholepis
16. Cycas orientis
17. Cycas conferta
18. Cycas armstrongii
19. Cycas canalis
19a. Cycas canalis subsp. canalis
19b. Cycas canalis subsp. carinata
20. Cycas lane-poolei
Ser. 6. Calcicolosae
21. Cycas arnhemica
21a. Cycas arnhemica subsp. arnhemica
21b. Cycas arnhemica subsp. muninga
21c. Cycas arnhemica subsp. natja
22. Cycas maconochiei
22a. Cycas maconochiei subsp. maconochiei
22b. Cycas maconochiei subsp. lanata
22c. Cycas maconochiei subsp. viridis
23. Cycas arenicola
24. Cycas calcicola
Ser. 7. Furfuraceosae
25. Cycas furfuracea
26. Cycas basaltica
27. Cycas pruinosa
Excluded species
STANGERIACEAE
BOWENIA
1. Bowenia spectabilis
2. Bowenia serrulata
ZAMIACEAE
KEY TO GENERA
1. LEPIDOZAMIA
1. Lepidozamia hopei
2. Lepidozamia peroffskyana
2. MACROZAMIA
KEY TO SECTIONS
Sect. 1. Macrozamia
1. Macrozamia moorei
2. Macrozamia johnsonii
3. Macrozamia fraseri
4. Macrozamia dyeri
5. Macrozamia riedlei
6. Macrozamia macdonnellii
7. Macrozamia miquelii
8. Macrozamia cardiacensis
9. Macrozamia douglasii
10. Macrozamia mountperriensis
11. Macrozamia longispina
12. Macrozamia communis
13. Macrozamia montana
14. Macrozamia reducta
15. Macrozamia diplomera
Sect. 2. Parazamia
16. Macrozamia lucida
17. Macrozamia platyrhachis
18. Macrozamia lomandroides
19. Macrozamia fawcettii
20. Macrozamia viridis
21. Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi
22. Macrozamia parcifolia
23. Macrozamia crassifolia
24. Macrozamia fearnsidei
25. Macrozamia conferta
26. Macrozamia concinna
27. Macrozamia flexuosa
28. Macrozamia plurinervia
29. Macrozamia occidua
30. Macrozamia cranei
31. Macrozamia spiralis
32. Macrozamia elegans
33. Macrozamia secunda
34. Macrozamia heteromera
35. Macrozamia polymorpha
36. Macrozamia glaucophylla
37. Macrozamia humilis
38. Macrozamia stenomera
Excluded and doubtful species
MAPS
APPENDIX
PSILOTACEAE
ISOETACEAE
LYCOPODIACEAE
SELAGINELLACEAE
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
GLEICHENIACEAE
MARSILEACEAE
ADIANTACEAE
VITTARIACEAE
ASPLENIACEAE
BLECHNACEAE
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
ATHYRIACEAE
DAVALLIACEAE
GRAMMITIDACEAE
POLYPODIACEAE
CUPRESSACEAE
ZAMIACEAE
GLOSSARY
Abbreviations and Contractions
Publication date of previous volumes
INDEX
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