This book investigates the fabrication of different types of flexible sensors and their subsequent implementation for energy-harvesting applications. A range of techniques, including 3D printing, soft lithography, laser ablation, micro-contract printing, screen-printing, inkjet printing and others have been used to form the flexible sensors with varied characteristics. These sensors have been used for biomedical, environmental and healthcare applications on the basis of their performances. The quality of these flexible sensors has depended on certain types of nanomaterials that have been used to synthesize the conductive parts of the prototypes. These nanomaterials have been based on different sizes and shapes, whose quality varied on the basis of certain factors like crystallinity, shapes and sizes. One of the primary utilization of these nanotechnology-based flexible sensors has been the harvesting of energy where nano-generators and nano-harvesters have been formed to generate and store energy, respectively, on small and moderate magnitudes. Mechanical and thermal energies have been harvested on the basis of the piezoelectric, pyroelectric and triboelectric effects created by the formed prototypes. The work highlights the amalgamation of these sectors to spotlight the essence of these types of sensors and their intended application.
Author(s): Anindya Nag, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
Series: Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation, 42
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 243
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Introduction
1 Introduction
2 Types of Sensors
2.1 MEMS-Based Sensors
2.2 Flexible Sensors
3 Application of Sensors
3.1 Electrochemical Sensors
3.2 Strain Sensors
4 Conclusion
References
Need of Flexible Sensors in the Sensing World
1 Introduction
2 Fabrication Techniques of Flexible Sensors
2.1 Screen Printing
2.2 Inkjet Printing
2.3 Laser Ablation
2.4 3D Printing
3 Conclusion
References
Impact of Nanotechnology on the Quality of the Flexible Sensors
1 Introduction
2 Nanotechnology-based Flexible Sensors
2.1 Types of Flexible Sensors
2.2 Nanotubes-based Flexible Sensors
2.3 Nanosheets-based Flexible Sensors
2.4 Nanowires-based Flexible Sensors
3 Challenges of the Current Nanotechnology-based Sensors
4 Conclusion
References
Fabrication and Implementation of Nanomaterials-Assisted Flexible Sensors
1 Introduction
2 Nanomaterials That Have Been Used in Flexible Sensors
2.1 Zero-Dimensional Nanomaterials
2.2 One-Dimensional Nanomaterials
2.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
3 Fabrication Techniques
4 Advantages of Using Nanomaterials-Assisted Flexible Sensors
5 Examples of Applications of Nanomaterials-Assisted Flexible Sensors
5.1 Electrochemical Sensing
5.2 Strain Sensing
5.3 Electrical Sensing
References
Necessity and Available Technologies for Energy Harvesting
1 Introduction
2 Energy-Harvesting Technologies
2.1 Piezoelectric Sensors
2.2 Triboelectric Sensors
2.3 Pyroelectric Sensors
2.4 Self-powered Implantable Sensors
3 Conclusion
References
Flexible Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Sensors for Energy Harvesting Applications
1 Introduction
2 Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators
3 Flexible Triboelectric Devices
4 Hybrid Energy Harvesting Nanogenerators
5 Conclusions
References
Flexible Pyroelectric Sensors for Energy Harvesting Applications
1 Introduction
2 Flexible Pyroelectric Sensors for Energy-Harvesting Applications
3 Challenges of the Current Flexible Pyroelectric Sensors
4 Conclusion
References
Self-Powered Implantable Energy Harvesters for Medical Electronics
1 Introduction
2 Harvesting Energy from Implantable Devices
2.1 Nanogenerators
2.2 Auto Wristwatch and Electromagnetic Generators
2.3 Transcutaneous Energy Transferring Devices
3 Implantable Self-Powered Medical Electronics
3.1 Symbiotic Cardiac Pacemakers
3.2 Devices Simulating Nerves and Muscles
3.3 Physiological Sensors
4 Challenges and Opportunities
4.1 Output Improvement
4.2 Miniaturization
4.3 Long-Term Operation in Vivo
5 Conclusion
References
Energy Harvesting in IoT-Enabled Flexible Sensors: Smart Sensing and Secure Access Control
1 Introduction
2 The IoT Paradigm
2.1 Definition
2.2 IoT Architecture: An Overview
3 Flexible Sensors: An Overview
3.1 Materials
3.2 System-Specific Applications
4 Access Control Issues
4.1 Communication and Networking
4.2 Access Control Architecture
4.3 Characterization of Access Control Architectures
5 Discussions
6 Conclusion
References
Challenges of Existing Flexible Sensors for Energy Harvesting
1 Introduction
2 Flexible EH Sensing Module
2.1 Wearable and Flexible Thin-Film Thermoelectric Module
2.2 High-Performance Flexible BI2Te3 Films Based Wearable Thermoelectric Generator
2.3 Flexible Vibrational Energy Harvesting Devices
2.4 Combination of Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Flexible Electronics Technology
2.5 Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene)-ZnO Nanoparticle Composites on a Flexible Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Substrate
3 Challenges of Flexible Sensors for Energy Harvesting
3.1 Cost and Size
3.2 Efficiency and Power
3.3 Packing Energy Harvesters
4 Conclusion
References
Conclusion and Future Opportunities
1 Introduction
2 Future Opportunities
3 Conclusion
References
