Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, 2008. — 103 p.The present work is focused on the detailed studies of mechanisms to control the reaction rate and selectivity by means of gradient medium that seems to be very promising for the development of the reactor control and optimization theory. The basic idea for reactor optimization with the use of gradient medium consists in the following: the process involving heterogeneous catalytic reaction can be optimized by running the reaction under spatially non-uniform conditions. In the course of intensive exothermic catalytic process, essential spacial non-uniformity of the catalyst is observed: there are ignition zone, the maximum temperature zone with a hot spot which critically affects process stability and selectivity and can cause catalyst deactivation and destruction and, finally, reactor failure. In order to smooth temperature gradient along the reactor (and thus improve its operation stability), the catalysts with variable spatial properties (i.e., gradient catalysts) can be used. Such characteristics as catalytic activity, geometry, or thermal conductivity can act as the variable spatial properties. New generation of catalytically active materials characterized by spatially non-uniform activity, geometry and thermal conductivity (gradient catalysts) will allow controlling and optimization of the processes involving heterogeneous chemical reaction.В данной книге впервые рассмотрены вопросы оптимизации химического реактора с неподвижным слоем катализатора за счет неоднородного распределения активного компонента по длине слоя. Решаются задачи:
Уменьшения количества активного компонента при сохранении конверсии.
Увеличения конверсии при сохранении количества активного компонента.
Увеличения селективности процесса.
Уменьшения температурных градиентов по длине каталитического слоя.
Приведены методы расчета оптимального распределения активности катализатора по длине слоя и примеры его практического использования.Mathematical Model
Optimization of the Catalyst Activity Distribution Along the Catalyst Bed
Maximization of the Outlet Reactant Conversion at a Given Amount of the Active Component
Optimization of Catalyst Temperature
Selectivity
Multiple Solutions
Applications
