This book reviews and summarizes the studies on the fish diversity of Japan. It covers the present knowledge of ichthyofauna, habitat distribution, phylogeography, ecology, morphology, and conservation, as well as the history of ichthyology and fish collections in Japan. The book comprises five parts: I. Fish Diversity and Ichthyology of Japan, II. Habitat Distribution and Species Diversity, III. Diversity within Species: Phylogeographic Perspective on Japanese Fishes, IV. Morphological and Ecological Diversifications, and V. Conservation of Fish Diversity in Japan.
The Japanese Archipelago is surrounded by two major warm and one cold currents. It is located in the western North Pacific and encompasses several climatic regimes from north to south. Although the land area of Japan is small, the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Japan ranks as the sixth largest in the world, including several marginal seas (Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, and East China Sea), and deep trenches (Izu-Ogasawara, Japan, and Kurile Trenches). Owing to a variety of marine habitats and a complex geological history, Japan has a rich fish species diversity, representing over 4,500 species in 370 families.
The richness of fish species diversity has attracted many scientists since the late 1700s, and continuous studies have led to the development of ichthyology in Japan. With chapters written by leading experts in the field, the book will provide a stimulating and reliable resource for future research and contribute to the progress of ichthyology of the world.
Author(s): Yoshiaki Kai, Hiroyuki Motomura, Keiichi Matsuura
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 460
City: Cham
Contents
1: Introduction
References
Part I: Fish Diversity and Ichthyology of Japan
2: Geography, Currents, and Fish Diversity of Japan
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Geography
2.3 Currents
2.4 Species Diversity of Fishes of Japan
References
3: Origins and Present Distribution of Fishes in Japan
3.1 Overview of the Fish Fauna of Japan
3.2 Distributional Pattern in the Pacific Ocean
3.3 Distributional Patterns in the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk
3.4 Origins from Disjunct Distributions
3.5 Future Perspectives
References
4: Ichthyology and Collection Building in Japan
4.1 Introduction
4.2 History of Ichthyology in Japan
4.2.1 Dawn of Ichthyology in Japan
4.2.2 Ichthyology Before World War II
4.2.3 Ichthyology After World War II
4.2.4 History of the Ichthyological Society of Japan
4.3 Major Fish Collections in Japan
4.3.1 National Museum of Nature and Science
4.3.2 Hokkaido University Museum
4.3.3 Kyoto University: Maizuru Fisheries Research Station and Kyoto University Museum
4.3.4 Kagoshima University Museum
4.3.5 Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History
4.3.6 Department of Zoology, University Museum, University of Tokyo
4.3.7 Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University
References
Part II: Habitat Distribution and Species Diversity
5: Fish Diversity Along the Kuroshio Current
5.1 Physical Characteristics
5.2 Fish Dispersal by the Kuroshio Current
5.3 Vicariance Due to the Kuroshio Current
5.4 Southern Japan Ichthyofaunal Boundary
5.5 Unique Ichthyofauna of Yaku-shima Island
References
6: What Is Known of Fish Diversity in the Sea of Japan? Flatfishes: A Case Study
6.1 Sea of Japan
6.2 Fishes of the Sea of Japan
6.3 Review of the Flatfish Fauna in the Sea of Japan
6.3.1 Species Checklist: What Species and Where?
6.3.2 Faunal Characteristics
6.3.3 Temporal Changes in Flatfish Community Structures in Wakasa Bay
6.4 Conclusion
Appendix: Checklist of Flatfishes in the Sea of Japan
Order Pleuronectiformes
Family Citharidae
Family Paralichthyidae
Family Bothidae
Family Pleuronectidae
Family Poecilopsettidae
Family Samaridae
Family Soleidae
Family Cynoglossidae
References
7: Fish Diversity of Subarctic Waters in Japan
7.1 Physical Characteristics
7.2 Fish Fauna of Hokkaido
7.3 Endemic Species
7.4 Distributional Pattern
7.4.1 Shallow-Water Fishes
7.4.2 Deep-Sea Fishes
References
8: Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Deep-Sea Demersal Fishes of Japan: A Perspective from Grenadiers
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Methods
8.2.1 Study Area
8.2.2 Data Sources and Treatment
8.2.3 Elucidating Bathymetric and Biogeographical Boundaries
8.2.4 Data Analyses and Visualization
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 Taxonomic Diversity and Biogeographical Characteristics of Total Regional Fauna
8.3.2 Vertical Distribution Patterns
8.3.3 Horizontal Distribution Patterns
8.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
9: Fish Diversity of Estuaries Revealed by Environmental DNA
9.1 Introduction
9.2 What Is eDNA?
9.3 Estuarine Fish Species Composition
9.4 Anthropogenic Impacts on the Estuarine Fish Community
9.5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
Part III: Diversity Within Species: Phylogeographic Perspective on Japanese Fishes
10: Deep-Sea Fishes
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Intraspecific Diversity of Deep-Sea Fishes
10.3 Phylogeographic Assumptions in Japanese Seas
10.3.1 Geography and its History in the Japanese Seas
10.3.2 Glacial-Induced Climate Changes and Their Impacts on Japanese Seas
10.4 Deep-Sea Intraspecific Diversity Around Japan
10.4.1 Mesopelagic Fishes
10.4.2 Deep-Demersal Fishes I: Zoarcidae
10.4.3 Deep-Demersal Fishes II: Liparidae
10.4.4 Deep-Demersal Fishes III: Other Instances
10.4.5 Benthopelagic Fishes
10.5 Conclusion
References
11: Phylogeography of Coastal Fishes of Japan
11.1 Introduction: Characteristics and Factors Affecting the Population Structure of Coastal Fishes of Japan
11.2 Population Structure of Fishes Distributed Around the Main Islands of Japan, and the Roles of the Warm Kuroshio Current a...
11.2.1 Two Major Intraspecific Groups: the Pacific Group and the Sea of Japan Group
11.2.1.1 Phylogeographic Patterns
11.2.1.2 Mechanisms Underlying the Formation and Maintenance the Two Major Lineages
11.2.1.3 Historical Demography
11.2.2 Contact Zones Between the Two Major Lineages
11.2.2.1 Northeastern Pacific Coast
11.2.2.2 The Seto Inland Sea
11.2.3 Population Structure within the Two Major Groups
11.2.4 Phylogeographic Characteristics of Fauna from the East China Sea Coast of Mainland Kyushu
11.2.5 Phylogeographic Characteristics of Hokkaido Island
11.3 Population Structure of Coastal Fishes in the Ryukyu Islands-Japanese Mainland-Ogasawara Islands Region and the Effects o...
11.3.1 Phylogeographic Relationships Between the Ryukyu Islands and the Main Islands of Japan
11.3.1.1 Biogeographic Characteristics of the Ryukyu Islands
11.3.1.2 Transportation of Larvae by the Kuroshio Current
11.3.1.3 The Kuroshio Current as a Barrier to Larval Dispersal
11.3.1.4 Lineage Divergence and Historical Migration
11.3.2 Phylogeographic Relationships Between the Ogasawara Islands and the Main Islands of Japan
11.3.2.1 Biogeographic Characteristics of the Ogasawara Islands
11.3.2.2 Phylogeographic Patterns in the Region from the Ogasawara Islands to the Main Islands of Japan
11.3.2.3 Historical Demography of Populations in the Ogasawara Islands
11.3.3 Phylogeographic Relationships Between the Ogasawara Islands and the Ryukyu Islands
11.4 Phylogeographic Relationships Between the Japanese Coast and the Continental Coast
11.4.1 Population Structure around the East China Sea and the Surrounding Waters: Several Patterns of Genetic Population Struc...
11.4.1.1 Pattern 1: Geographic Population Structure Corresponding to Sea Regions
11.4.1.2 Pattern 2: Geographic Population Structure in the East China Sea
11.4.1.3 Pattern 3: Weak Genetic Differentiation Among Sampling Sites Within the East China Sea
11.4.1.4 Pattern 4: No Genetic Differentiation Around the East China Sea
11.4.2 Phylogeographic Characteristics of the Ariake Sound
11.5 Conclusion: Differences in Population Structure Among Species and Challenges for the Future
11.5.1 Differences in Population Structure Among Species
11.5.2 Challenges for the Future
References
12: Lake Biwa and the Phylogeography of Freshwater Fishes in Japan
12.1 Geographical Regions Based on the Distribution of Japanese Freshwater Fishes
12.2 The Origin of Endemic Fishes in Lake Biwa
12.3 The History of Fishes in and Around Lake Biwa Based on Population Genetic Analysis and Phylogeographic Analysis
References
Part IV: Morphological and Ecological Diversifications
13: Migration of Fishes in Japan
13.1 Fish Migration
13.2 Types of Fish Migration
13.2.1 Oceanodromy
13.2.2 Potamodromy
13.2.3 Diadromy
13.2.3.1 Anadromy
13.2.3.2 Catadromy
13.2.3.3 Amphidromy
13.3 Migration Diversity of Fishes in Japan
13.3.1 Oceanodromy
13.3.2 Potamodromy
13.3.3 Anadromy
13.3.4 Catadromy
13.3.5 Amphidromy
13.4 Diversity of Migratory Fishes in Japan
References
14: Adaptive Phenotypic Divergence in Fishes of Japan: Potential Model Systems for Ecological and Evolutionary Genomics
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Phenotypic Endemism in the Sea of Japan
14.3 Phenotypic Adaptation to the Lake Biwa Environment
14.4 Freshwater Threespine Stickleback in Japanese Spring-Fed Habitats
14.5 Phenotypic Divergence Among Populations of Medaka, a Model Fish from Japan
14.6 Highly Diverged Reproductive Traits in Two Japanese Fish Systems
14.7 Conclusion
References
15: Ecological Diversity of Larval Fishes: Ontogeny of Deep-Sea Demersal Species
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Sampling Stations and Near-Bottom Layer Survey Method
15.3 Deep-Sea Demersal Fishes Collected from the Near-Bottom Layer
15.4 Characteristics of Larval and Juvenile Fishes in the Near-Bottom Layer and Water Column
15.5 Ontogeny of Deep-Sea Demersal Fishes
15.5.1 Leptoderma lubricum and L. retropinnum
15.5.2 Paraliparis Dipterus
15.6 Characteristics and Ecological Significance of the Ontogeny of Deep-Sea Demersal Fishes
15.7 Current Status of Larval Fish Taxonomy in Japan
References
16: Morphological Diversity of the Lateral Line System in Teleostei
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Morphological Diversity of the Lateral Line System
16.2.1 Canal Topography on the Head
16.2.2 Morphology of Head Canals, and Canal Neuromasts
16.2.3 Canal Topography on the Trunk
16.2.4 Morphology of the Trunk Canal(s) and Canal Neuromasts
16.2.5 Distribution Pattern of Superficial Neuromasts on the Head
16.2.6 Distribution Pattern of Superficial Neuromasts on the Trunk and Caudal Fin
16.3 Innervation of the Lateral Line System
16.4 Ontogenetic Basis for the Morphological Diversity in the Lateral Line System
16.4.1 Lateral Line Canals and Neuromasts
16.4.2 Innervation Pattern of the Lateral Line System
16.5 Functional Significance of the Morphological Diversity in the Lateral Line System
16.6 Taxonomic Groups with Characteristic Lateral Line Systems
16.6.1 Apogonidae
16.6.2 Gobioidei
16.6.3 Kurtidae
16.6.4 Pleuronectiformes
16.7 Overview of the Morphological Diversity in the Lateral Line System
References
17: Recent Distributional Shifts and Hybridization in Marine Fishes of Japan
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Distributional Shifts and Hybridization Under Ongoing Climate Change
17.3 Mass Occurrence of Natural Hybrids Between Two Pufferfishes
17.4 Increased Hybridization Among Yellowtails
17.5 Implications for Further Research
References
Part V: Conservation of Fish Diversity in Japan
18: Coastal Fishes in Sandy Beaches
18.1 What Is a Sandy Beach?
18.2 Topography of a Sandy Beach
18.3 Morphodynamic Beaches
18.4 Sandy Beach Habitats
18.5 Fishes Inhabiting Sandy Beaches
18.6 Differences in the Use of Sandy Beaches by Fishes
18.7 Relationship Between Sandy Beach Type and Fish Species
18.8 Relationship Between Sandy Beach Environment and Fish Communities
18.9 Environmental Problems on Sandy Beaches
18.10 Conservation of the Sandy Beach Ecosystem
References
19: Coastal Fishes in Rocky and Coral Reefs
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Regional Variability
19.3 Temporal Dynamics
19.4 Future Perspectives
References
20: Fishes in Seagrass Habitats
20.1 Faunal Characteristics of Seagrass Fishes in Japan
20.1.1 Okinawa Region
20.1.2 Honshu, the Main Island of Japan
20.1.3 Hokkaido Region
20.2 Responses of a Seagrass Fish Assemblage to Habitat Degradation
20.2.1 Seagrass Fish Categories Based on Their Occurrence/Distribution Patterns
20.2.2 Transition of Fish Assemblage Structures with Progress of Seagrass Habitat Degradation
20.2.3 Brief Implications on Seagrass Habitat Restoration
References
21: Coastal Fishes in Mangroves
21.1 What Are Mangroves?
21.2 Fishes Occurring in Mangrove Habitats
21.3 Factors Affecting Fish Diversity in Mangrove Habitats
21.4 Connection Between Mangrove Habitats and Coral Reefs as Fish Habitats
21.5 Mangrove Habitat Threats and Conservation
References
22: Coastal Fishes in Tidal Flats and Salt Marshes
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Current Status of Tidal Flats and Salt Marshes in Japan
22.3 Ecological Role of Intertidal Habitats for Fishes
22.4 Threats for Fishes in Tidal Flats and Saltmarshes
22.5 Conservation
22.5.1 Mitigation and Restoration
22.5.1.1 Intertidal Flats
22.5.1.2 Wando Pools
22.5.1.3 Spawning Grounds
22.5.2 Selecting Conservation Areas Using Indicator Species
22.6 Conclusion
References
23: Conservation of Freshwater Fish Diversity in Japan
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Freshwater Fishes in the Red Data Book
23.2.1 Publication of the Red Data Book
23.2.2 Definition of Threatened Species
23.2.3 Application of IUCN Criteria
23.3 Threats to Japanese Freshwater Fishes
23.3.1 Dam Construction and Crossing Work
23.3.2 Rice Paddy Field Remodeling
23.3.3 Invasion of Alien Species
23.3.4 Ornamental Fish Boom
23.3.5 Water Pollution
23.4 Red List Challenges
23.4.1 Insufficient Basic Data
23.5 Protection Measures
23.5.1 Three Basic Steps for Protection
23.5.2 In Situ Conservation
23.5.3 Ex Situ Preservation
23.5.4 Social Enlightenment
References
24: Using Gyotaku to Reveal Past Records of Fishes Including Extinct Populations
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Using Gyotaku for Past Biodiversity Information
24.3 Identifications of Fishes Based on Gyotaku
24.4 Applications and Future Prospects
References
25: Convention on Biological Diversity and Its Impact on Research, with Special Reference to Ichthyology
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
25.2.1 Pre-CBD
25.2.2 Outline of the CBD
25.2.3 Related Initiatives in Japan
25.3 Cartagena Protocol
25.4 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity
25.4.1 Strategic Plan 2002-2010, Including 2010 Biodiversity Target
25.4.2 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, Including Aichi Biodiversity Targets
25.4.3 National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan 2012-2020
25.4.4 The Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework
25.5 Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilization to the Conventi...
25.5.1 Background
25.5.2 Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising Out of Their Util...
25.5.3 Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utiliz...
25.5.4 Scientific Research and Studies Under the Nagoya Protocol
25.5.5 Domestic ABS Measures in Japan (ABS Guidelines)
25.5.6 Other Laws, Regulations, and Guidelines to be Aware of When Accessing Fishes in Japan for Scientific Research
25.5.7 Summary of Procedures for Access to/Use of Fishes Existing in Japan for Scientific Research
25.5.8 Consultation Services on the ABS in Japan
References
Index
