Content: Twenty years hard labor as a fiber diffractionist / Struther Arnott --
Problem areas in structure analysis of fibrous polymers / E.D.T. Atkins --
Recent developments in structure analysis of fibrous polymers / Hiroyuki Tadokoro --
Simulation of fiber diffraction patterns / E. Suzuki, R.D.B. Fraser, T.P. Macrae, and R.J. Rowlands --
Application of the Rietveld whole-fitting method to linear polymer structure analysis / R.A. Young, J.L. Lundberg, and A. Immirzi --
Accurate fiber X-ray diffraction data from films : data array calculations / Donald P. Miller and Robert C. Brannon --
AXIS, a semi-automated X-ray intensity and d-spacing analyser for fiber diffraction patterns / D. Meader, E.D.T. Atkins, M. Elder, P.A. Machin, and M. Pickering --
Resolution of X-ray intensities by angular deconvolution / Lee Makowski --
Computational methods for profile resolution and crystallite size evaluation in fibrous polymers / A.M. Hindeleh, D.J. Johnson, and P.E. Montague --
Diffraction from nonperiodic structures : the molecular conformation of polytetrafluoroethylene (phase 2) / Edward S. Clark, J.J. Weeks, and R.K. Eby --
Crystallinity and disorder in textile fibers / Michel Sotton --
The structure of the amorphous phase in synthetic polymers : an X-ray approach / Geoffrey R. Mitchell, Richard Lovell, and Alan H. Windle --
The variable virtual bond : modeling technique for solving polymer crystal structures / Peter Zugenmaier and Anatole Sarko --
N-H mapping for polymers / Alfred D. French and Walter A. French --
Theoretical estimates of helical structure in polynucleotides / Wilma K. Olson --
Contribution of electron diffraction on single crystals to polymer structure determination / Francois Brisse and Robert H. Marchessault --
Electron diffraction and dark field on ultrathin sections of textile fibers / R. Hagege --
Structure of high modulus fibers of poly-p-phenylene benzbisthiazole / Eric J. Roche, Toshisada Takahashi, and Edwin L. Thomas --
Refinement of cellulose and chitin structures / J. Blackwell, K.H. Gardner, F.J. Kolpak, R. Minke, and W.B. Claffey --
Accuracy of polymer structure determination : a comparison of published structures of poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) / I.H. Hall --
Technique and sample preparation for plant tissue / D.R. Kreger --
Fiber diffraction and structure of (1-3)-[alpha]-D-glucan in fungal cell walls / J. Jelsma and D.R. Kreger --
Crystal structure of (1 [yields] 3)-[alpha]-D-glucan / Kozo Ogawa, Keizo Okamura, Sachiko Oka, and Akira Misaki --
Ultrastructure of Curdlan / Nobutami Kasai and Tokuya Harada --
The gelling mechanism and relationship to molecular structure of microbial polysaccharide Curdlan / W.S. Fulton and E.D.T. Atkins --
Fiber diffraction studies of bacterial polysaccharides / K. Okuyama, S. Arnott, R. Moorhouse, M.D. Walkinshaw, E.D.T. Atkins, and Ch. Wolf-Ullish --
Review of the structures of Klebsiella polysaccharides by X-ray diffraction / H.F. Elloway, D.H. Isaac, and E.D.T. Atkins --
Crystal structures of amylose and its derivatives : a review / Anatole Sarko and Peter Zugenmaier --
Some new polynucleotide structures and some new thoughts about old structures / R. Chandrasekaran, Struther Arnott, A. Banerjee, S. Campbell-Smith, A.G.W. Leslie, and L. Puigjaner.
Author(s): Alfred D. French and KennCorwin H. Gardner (Eds.)
Series: ACS Symposium Series 141
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Year: 1980
Language: English
Pages: 513
City: Washington, D.C
Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
ACS Symposium Series......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 5
1 Twenty Years Hard Labor as a Fiber Diffractionist......Page 8
Types of Disorder and Consequent Diffraction Effects......Page 10
Other Problems and Solutions in the Diffraction Analysis of Fibrous Biopolymers.......Page 20
General Conclusions......Page 33
Literature Cited......Page 34
2 Problem Areas in Structure Analysis of Fibrous Polymers......Page 38
1. Reproducibility and Accuracy of Measured Intensities......Page 39
2. Intertwining Helices......Page 40
3. Highly Extended Helix of Isotactic Polystyrene Found in Gels......Page 41
4. Summary......Page 46
Literature Cited......Page 47
Intramolecular Interaction Energy of Typical Isotactic Polymers......Page 49
Poly(ethylene oxybenzoate): α-Form......Page 51
Poly(ethylene Oxide)......Page 54
Syndiotactic Poly(methyl Methacrylate)......Page 56
Polyethylene......Page 58
Further Remarks......Page 64
Literature Cited......Page 65
4 Simulation of Fiber Diffraction Patterns......Page 67
Calculation of Intensity Transform of Particle (Ip)......Page 68
Literature Cited......Page 72
5 Application of the Rietveld Whole-Fitting Method to Linear Polymer Structure Analysis......Page 74
Considerations In Applications To Polymers......Page 78
Example Of Application: Polypropylene......Page 90
Concluding Remarks......Page 91
Summary......Page 94
Literature Cited......Page 95
6 Accurate Fiber X-ray Diffraction Data from Films Data Array Calculations......Page 97
Photometric Peak Center Method......Page 98
Two-Dimensional Scan Methods......Page 99
Improved 2-D Scan Method......Page 100
Acknowledgements......Page 115
Literature Cited......Page 116
7 AXIS A Semi-Automated X-ray Intensity and d-Spacing Analyser for Fiber Diffraction Patterns......Page 117
1. Equipment......Page 119
2. Facilities for Examining the Data......Page 120
3. The Calibration Ring......Page 121
4. Determining Spot Boundaries and Positions......Page 125
5. Background Subtraction......Page 128
6. The Pattern Coordinate System......Page 131
7. The Specimen Intensity Transform......Page 134
8. Corrections for Oblique Incidence......Page 136
9. Determining the Fibre Tilt......Page 138
10. Calculating d-Spacings and Relative Integrated Intensities......Page 139
Literature Cited......Page 141
8 Resolution of X-ray Intensities by Angular Deconvolution......Page 143
Theory......Page 144
Methods......Page 146
Results......Page 147
Discussion......Page 150
Literature Cited......Page 152
Experimental......Page 153
(i) Correction and Normalisation......Page 154
(ii) Resolution......Page 160
(iii) Instrumental Broadening Correction......Page 175
(iv) Separation of the resolved and corrected profiles into size and distortion components......Page 176
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 184
Literature Cited......Page 186
10 Diffraction from Nonperiodic Structures The Molecular Conformation of Polytetrafluoroethylene (Phase II)......Page 187
Theoretical......Page 188
Experimental......Page 193
Abstract......Page 195
Literature Cited......Page 196
Theoretical Review-Ruland's Method......Page 197
Experimental......Page 199
Experimental Results......Page 203
Abstract......Page 216
Literature Cited......Page 217
Method......Page 218
Polyethylene melt at 140°C......Page 221
Conclusions......Page 224
Literature Cited......Page 226
The Virtual Bond Method......Page 228
Model Building and Refinement with the Virtual Bond Method......Page 230
Method of Constrained Optimization......Page 235
The "PS79" Computer Program......Page 236
Conclusions......Page 238
Acknowledgments......Page 239
Literature Cited......Page 240
14 N-H Mapping for Polymers......Page 241
The n-h Map......Page 242
Capabilities of n-h Maps......Page 247
Literature Cited......Page 251
15 Theoretical Estimates of Helical Structure in Polynucleotides......Page 253
Double Strand Formation......Page 254
Potential Energy Surfaces......Page 257
Flexible Helices......Page 258
Summary......Page 263
List of Symbols......Page 265
Literature Cited......Page 266
Experimental......Page 268
Electron Diffraction of Poly(n-methylene terephthalates), (nGT polymers).......Page 269
Electron Diffraction of Polyalkanoates......Page 272
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 277
LITERATURE CITED......Page 278
17 Electron Diffraction and Dark Field on Ultrathin Sections of Textile Fibers......Page 279
Electron Diffraction Micrographs......Page 280
Results......Page 285
Discussion......Page 292
Acknowledgments......Page 300
Literature cited......Page 301
Experimental......Page 302
Results and Discussion......Page 303
Literature Cited......Page 312
Intensity Measurements......Page 313
Cellulose I......Page 316
Electron Diffraction......Page 317
Cellulose II......Page 322
β-Chitin......Page 323
α-Chitin......Page 325
Abstract......Page 328
Literature Cited......Page 331
20 Accuracy of Polymer Structure Determination A Comparison of Published Structures of Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate)......Page 333
Literature Cited.......Page 345
21 Technique and Sample Preparation for Plant Tissue......Page 346
Literature Cited......Page 347
22 Fiber Diffraction and Structure of (1-3)-α-D-Glucan in Fungal Cell Walls......Page 348
Literature Cited......Page 349
23 Crystal Structure of (1→3)-α-D-Glucan......Page 350
Results......Page 351
Discussion......Page 356
Abstract......Page 358
Literature Cited......Page 359
1. Introduction......Page 360
1). Conformation in a cadoxen-water mixture(4)......Page 361
1). Conformation in gel.......Page 363
(1) Laminarabiose(18)......Page 364
(3) Curdlan......Page 367
4. Morphological study on the Curdlan(30,31)......Page 374
Literature cited......Page 379
25 The Gelling Mechanism and Relationship to Molecular Structure of Microbial Polysaccharide Curdlan......Page 381
Materials and Methods......Page 383
X-Ray Diffraction......Page 386
Infra Red Spectra......Page 391
Discussion......Page 396
Acknowledgements......Page 404
ABSTRACT......Page 405
Literature Cited......Page 406
26 Fiber Diffraction Studies of Bacterial Polysaccharides......Page 407
Molecular Structure of Xanthan......Page 408
Structure of Klebsiella serotype K8 Capsular Polysaccharides......Page 415
Literature Cited......Page 422
27 Review of the Structures of Klebsiella Polysaccharides by X-ray Diffraction......Page 424
Klebsiella K5 and Klebsiella K63......Page 426
Klebsiella K16 and Klebsiella K54......Page 428
Klebseilla K8......Page 432
Klebsiella K83 and Klebsiella K55......Page 438
Klebsiella K9 and Klebsiella K57......Page 444
Conclusions......Page 449
Abstract......Page 451
Literature Cited......Page 452
28 Crystal Structures of Amylose and Its Derivatives A Review......Page 454
Classification of Amylose Structures and Their General Features......Page 455
V-Amyloses......Page 460
Alkali and Salt Complexes......Page 465
The Native A, B and C Polymorphs......Page 468
Amylose Derivatives......Page 473
Conclusions......Page 475
Literature Cited......Page 476
29 Some New Polynucleotide Structures and Some New Thoughts About Old Structures......Page 478
Classification of Polymononucleotide Secondary Structures......Page 480
A-DNA-like Structures of DNA-RNA and RNA-RNA Duplexes......Page 484
Remarkable Behavior of Polymer-Monomer Complexes in the A-family......Page 487
Discovery of the Original Crick-Watson Double Helix......Page 488
Old Structures Revised and New Structures in the B-family......Page 490
Left-handed Polydinucleotide Helices......Page 494
Conclusion......Page 495
Literature Cited......Page 496
B......Page 498
C......Page 499
D......Page 501
E......Page 502
G......Page 503
I......Page 504
L......Page 505
O......Page 506
P......Page 507
R......Page 509
S......Page 510
X......Page 512
Y......Page 513
