Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 6th Edition

Fetal and Neonatal Physiology - Volume 1
Volume-1-Cover
Front Matter of Volume 1
Fetal and Neonatal Physiology
Copyright
Copyright
Dedicated To
Dedication
Contributors
Contributors
Preface
Preface
1 – Basic Genetic Principles
1 -
Basic Genetic Principles
2 – Epigenetics
2 -
Epigenetics
3 – Basic Embryology
3 -
Basic Embryology
4 – Regulation of Embryogenesis
4 -
Regulation of Embryogenesis
5 – The Extracellular Matrix in Development
5 -
The Extracellular Matrix in Development
6 – Angiogenesis
6 -
Angiogenesis
7 – Prenatal Diagnosis
7 -
Prenatal Diagnosis
8 – Placental Development
8 -
Placental Development
9 – Regulation of the Placental Circulation
9 -
Regulation of the Placental Circulation
10 – Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta
10 -
Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta
11 – Endocrine and Paracrine Function of the Human Placenta
11 -
Endocrine and Paracrine Function of the Human Placenta
12 – Intra-Amniotic Infection-Inflammation and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome
12 - Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome
13 – Fetal Origins of Adult Disease- A Classic Hypothesis With New Relevance
13 -
Fetal Origins of Adult Disease:A Classic Hypothesis With New Relevance
14 – Placental Function in Intrauterine Growth Restriction
14 -
Placental Function in Intrauterine Growth Restriction
15 – Basic Pharmacologic Principles
15 -
Basic Pharmacologic Principles
16 – Principles of Pharmacokinetics
16 -
Principles of Pharmacokinetics
17 – The Physiology of Placental Drug Disposition
17 -
The Physiology of Placental Drug Disposition
18 – Pharmacogenomics
18 -
Pharmacogenomics
19 – Drug Distribution in Fetal Life
19 -
Drug Distribution in Fetal Life
20 – Drug Transfer During Breastfeeding
20 -
Drug Transfer During Breastfeeding
21 – Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction
21 -
Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction
22 – Endocrine Factors Affecting Neonatal Growth
22 -
Endocrine Factors Affecting Neonatal Growth
23 – Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant
23 -
Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant
24 – Physiology of Lactation
24 -
Physiology of Lactation
25 – Fetal and Neonatal Iron Metabolism
25 -
Fetal and Neonatal Iron Metabolism
26 – Fetal and Neonatal Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Homeostasis
26 -
Fetal and Neonatal Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Homeostasis
27 – Zinc in the Fetus and Neonate
27 -
Zinc in the Fetus and Neonate
28 – Vitamin A Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate
28 -
Vitamin A Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate
29 – Vitamin E Nutrition in Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant
29 -
Vitamin E Nutrition in Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant
30 – Vitamin K Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate
30 -
Vitamin K Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate
31 – Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Lipid Metabolites
31 -
Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Lipid Metabolites
32 – Brown Adipose Tissue- Development and Function
32 -
Brown Adipose Tissue: Development and Function
33 – Lipids as an Energy Source for the Premature and Term Neonate
33 -
Lipids as an Energy Source for the Premature and Term Neonate
34 – Ketone Body Metabolism in the Neonate
34 -
Ketone Body Metabolism in the Neonate
35 – Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Neurodevelopment
35 -
Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Neurodevelopment
36 – Glucose Metabolism in the Fetus and Newborn, and Methods for Its Investigation
36 -
Glucose Metabolism in theFetus and Newborn, andMethods for Its Investigation
37 – Oxygen Consumption and General Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Fetus
37 -
Oxygen Consumption and General Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Fetus
38 – Role of Glucoregulatory Hormones in Hepatic Glucose Metabolism During the Perinatal Period
38 -
Role of Glucoregulatory Hormonesin Hepatic Glucose Metabolism During the Perinatal Period
39 – Cell Glucose Transport and Glucose Handling During Fetal and Neonatal Development
39 - Cell Glucose Transport and Glucose Handling During Fetal and Neonatal Development
40 – General Concepts of Protein Metabolism
40 -
General Concepts of Protein Metabolism
41 – Placental Transfer and Fetal Requirements of Amino Acids
41 -
Placental Transfer and Fetal Requirements of Amino Acids
42 – Temperature Control in Newborn Infants
42 -
Temperature Control in Newborn Infants
43 – Structure and Development of the Skin and Cutaneous Appendages
43 -
Structure and Development of the Skin and Cutaneous Appendages
44 – Physiologic Development of the Skin
44 -
Physiologic Development of the Skin
45 – Cardiovascular Development
45 -
Cardiovascular Development
46 – Developmental Electrophysiology in the Fetus and Neonate
46 -
Developmental Electrophysiologyin the Fetus and Neonate
47 – Developmental Biology of the Pulmonary Vasculature
47 -
Developmental Biology of the Pulmonary Vasculature
48 – Development of the Gastrointestinal Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn
48 -
Development of the Gastrointestinal Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn
49 – Physiology of Congenital Heart Disease in the Neonate
49 -
Physiology of Congenital Heart Disease in the Neonate
50 – Regulation of Cardiovascular Function During Fetal and Newborn Life
50 -
Regulation of Cardiovascular Function During Fetal and Newborn Life
51 – Nutritional and Environmental Effects on the Fetal Circulation
51 -
Nutritional and Environmental Effects on the Fetal Circulation
52 – Mechanisms Regulating Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus
52 -
Mechanisms Regulating Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus
53 – Umbilical Circulation
53 -
Umbilical Circulation
54 – Fetal and Placental Circulation During Labor
54 -
Fetal and Placental Circulation During Labor
55 – Normal and Abnormal Structural Development of the Lung
55 -
Normal and Abnormal Structural Development of the Lung
56 – Regulation of Alveolarization
56 -
Regulation of Alveolarization
57 – Physiologic Mechanisms of Normal and Altered Lung Growth Before and After Birth
57 -
Physiologic Mechanisms of Normal and Altered Lung Growth Before and After Birth
58 – Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Development and Lung Branching Morphogenesis
58 -
Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Development and Lung Branching Morphogenesis
59 – Regulation of Liquid Secretion and Absorption by the Fetal and Neonatal Lung
59 -
Regulation of Liquid Secretionand Absorption by the Fetaland Neonatal Lung
60 – Upper Airway Structure- Function, Regulation, and Development
60 -
Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation, and Development
61 – Regulation of Lower Airway Function
61 -
Regulation of Lower Airway Function
62 – Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles
62 -
Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles
63 – Mechanics of Breathing
63 -
Mechanics of Breathing
64 – Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Developing Lung
64 -
Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Developing Lung
65 – Oxygen Transport and Delivery
65 -
Oxygen Transport and Delivery
66 – Control of Breathing in Fetal Life and Onset and Control of Breathing in the Neonate
66 -
Control of Breathing in Fetal Life and Onset and Control of Breathing in the Neonate
67 – Basic Mechanisms of Oxygen Sensing and Adaptation to Hypoxia
67 -
Basic Mechanisms of Oxygen Sensing and Adaptation to Hypoxia
68 – Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate
68 -
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate
69 – Mechanisms of Neonatal Lung Injury
69 -
Mechanisms of Neonatal Lung Injury
70 – Impaired Lung Growth After Injury in Preterm Lung
70 -
Impaired Lung Growth After Injury in Preterm Lung
71 – Antenatal Factors That Influence Postnatal Lung Development and Injury
71 -
Antenatal Factors That Influence Postnatal Lung Development and Injury
72 – Regulation of Pulmonary Circulation
72 -
Regulation of Pulmonary Circulation
73 – Historical Perspective
73 -
Historical Perspective
74 – Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells
74 - Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells
75 – Surfactant Homeostasis- Composition and Function of Pulmonary Surfactant Lipids and Proteins
75 -
Surfactant Homeostasis: Compositionand Function of Pulmonary Surfactant Lipids and Proteins
76 – Structure and Development of Alveolar Epithelial Cells
76 -
Structure and Development of Alveolar Epithelial Cells
77 – Regulation of Surfactant-Associated Phospholipid Synthesis and Secretion
77 -
Regulation of Surfactant-Associated Phospholipid Synthesis and Secretion
78 – Antenatal Hormonal Therapy for Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
78 -
Antenatal Hormonal Therapy for Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
79 – Surfactant Treatment
79 -
Surfactant Treatment
80 – Genetics and Physiology of Surfactant Protein Deficiencies
80 -
Genetics and Physiology of Surfactant Protein Deficiencies
81 – Trophic Factors and Regulation of Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Development
81 -
Trophic Factors and Regulationof Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Development
82 – Organogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract
82 -
Organogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract
83 – Development of Gastric Secretory Function
83 -
Development of Gastric Secretory Function
84 – Development of the Enteric Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Motility
84 -
Development of the Enteric Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Motility
85 – Development of the Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas
85 -
Development of the Endocrineand Exocrine Pancreas
86 – Digestive-Absorptive Functions in Fetuses, Infants, and Children
86 -
Digestive-Absorptive Functions in Fetuses, Infants, and Children
87 – The Developing Microbiome of the Fetus and Neonate-A Multiomic Approach
87 -
The Developing Microbiomeof the Fetus and Neonate:A Multiomic Approach
88 – Organogenesis and Histologic Development of the Liver
88 -
Organogenesis and Histologic Development of the Liver
89 – Bile Acid Metabolism During Development
89 -
Bile Acid Metabolism During Development
90 – Fetal and Neonatal Bilirubin Metabolism
90 -
Fetal and Neonatal Bilirubin Metabolism
91 – Hereditary Contributions to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
91 -
Hereditary Contributions to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
92 – Mechanistic Aspects of Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
92 -
Mechanistic Aspects of Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Fetal and Neonatal Physiology - Volume 2
Volume-2-Cover
Front Matter of Volume 2
Fetal and Neonatal Physiology
Copyright
Copyright
Dedicated To
Dedication
Contributors
Contributors
Preface
Preface
93 – Development of the Kidney- Morphology and Mechanisms
93 -
Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms
94 – Functional Development of the Kidney in Utero
94 -
Functional Development ofthe Kidney in Utero
95 – Development and Regulation of Renal Blood Flow in the Neonate
95 -
Development and Regulation of Renal Blood Flow in the Neonate
96 – Postnatal Development of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates
96 -
Postnatal Development of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates
97 – Renal Transport of Sodium During Development
97 -
Renal Transport of Sodium During Development
98 – Potassium Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate
98 -
Potassium Homeostasis inthe Fetus and Neonate
99 – Role of the Kidney in Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis
99 -
Role of the Kidney in Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis
100 – Transport of Amino Acids in the Fetus and Neonate
100 -
Transport of Amino Acids inthe Fetus and Neonate
101 – Organic Anion Transport in the Developing Kidney
101 -
Organic Anion Transport inthe Developing Kidney
102 – Concentration and Dilution of Urine
102 -
Concentration and Dilution of Urine
103 – Urinary Acidification
103 -
Urinary Acidification
104 – Response to Nephron Loss in Early Development
104 -
Response to Nephron Loss in Early Development
105 – Fluid Distribution in the Fetusand Neonate
105 -
Fluid Distribution in the Fetusand Neonate
106 – Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Fetus and Neonate
106 -
Regulation of Acid-Base Balancein the Fetus and Neonate
107 – Developmental Biology of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
107 -
Developmental Biology of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
108 – Neutrophil Granulopoiesis and Homeostasis
108 -
Neutrophil Granulopoiesis and Homeostasis
109 – Developmental Erythropoiesis
109 -
Developmental Erythropoiesis
110 – Developmental Megakaryopoiesis
110 -
Developmental Megakaryopoiesis
111 – Developmental Hemostasis
111 -
Developmental Hemostasis
112 – PlateletVessel Wall Interactions
112 -
Platelet–Vessel Wall Interactions
113 – Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria
113 -
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria
114 – Host Defense Mechanisms Against Fungi
114 -
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Fungi
115 – Host Defense Mechanisms Against Viruses
115 -
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Viruses
116 – T-Cell Development
116 -
T-Cell Development
117 – B-Cell Development
117 -
B-Cell Development
118 – Mononuclear Phagocyte System
118 -
Mononuclear Phagocyte System
119 – Normal and Abnormal Neutrophil Physiology in the Newborn
119 -
Normal and Abnormal Neutrophil Physiology in the Newborn
120 – The Complement System of the Fetus and Newborn
120 -
The Complement System of the Fetus and Newborn
121 – Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate
121 -
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate
122 – Immunology of Human Milk
122 -
Immunology of Human Milk
123 – Neonatal Pulmonary Host Defense
123 -
Neonatal Pulmonary Host Defense
124 – Development of the Nervous System
124 -
Development of the Nervous System
125 – Mechanisms of Cell Death in the Developing Brain
125 -
Mechanisms of Cell Deathin the Developing Brain
126 – Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier
126 -
Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier
127 – Trophic Factor, Nutritional, and Hormonal Regulation of Brain Development
127 -
Trophic Factor, Nutritional, and Hormonal Regulation of Brain Development
128 – Developmental Aspects of Pain
128 -
Developmental Aspects of Pain
129 – Cerebellar DevelopmentThe Impact of Preterm Birth and Comorbidities
129 -
Cerebellar Development—The Impact of Preterm Birth and Comorbidities
130 – Electroencephalography in the Preterm and Term Infant
130 -
Electroencephalography in the Preterm and Term Infant
131 – Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Neonate
131 -
Intraventricular Hemorrhagein the Neonate
132 – Pathophysiology of Neonatal White Matter Injury
132 -
Pathophysiology of Neonatal White Matter Injury
133 – Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury and Neuroprotection
133 -
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neonatal BrainInjury and Neuroprotection
134 – Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia
134 -
Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia
135 – Early Development of the Human Auditory System
135 -
Early Development of the Human Auditory System
136 – Development of Olfaction and Taste in the Human Fetus and Neonate
136 -
Development of Olfaction and Taste in the Human Fetus and Neonate
137 – The Growth Plate- Embryologic Origin, Structure, and Function
137 -
The Growth Plate: Embryologic Origin, Structure, and Function
138 – Ontogenesis of Striated Muscle
138 -
Ontogenesis of Striated Muscle
139 – Hypothalamus- Neuroendometabolic Center
139 -
Hypothalamus: Neuroendometabolic Center
140 – Growth Factor Regulation of Fetal Growth
140 -
Growth Factor Regulation of Fetal Growth
141 – Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Placental Lactogen in the Fetus and Newborn
141 -
Growth Hormone, Prolactin,and Placental Lactogen inthe Fetus and Newborn
142 – Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Fetus and Newborn Infant
142 -
Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Fetus and Newborn Infant
143 – Development of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Fetus
143 -
Development of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Fetus
144 – Fetal and Neonatal Adrenocortical Physiology
144 - Fetal and Neonatal Adrenocortical Physiology
145 – Fetal and Neonatal Thyroid Physiology
145 -
Fetal and Neonatal Thyroid Physiology
146 – Genetics of Sex Determination and Differentiation
146 -
Genetics of Sex Determination and Differentiation
147 – Differentiation of the Ovary
147 -
Differentiation of the Ovary
148 – Testicular Development and Descent
148 -
Testicular Development and Descent
149 – The Pathophysiology of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, Twin-Anemia Polycythemia Sequence, and Twin-Reversed Arterial Perfusion
149 -
The Pathophysiology ofTwin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome,Twin-Anemia Polycythemia Sequence,and Twin-Reversed Arterial Perfusion
150 – Physiology of Neonatal Resuscitation
150 -
Physiology of Neonatal Resuscitation
151 – Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis
151 -
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis
152 – Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
152 -
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
153 – Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies
153 -
Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies
154 – Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension ofthe Newborn
154 -
Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension ofthe Newborn
155 – Pathophysiology of Shock in theFetus and Neonate
155 -
Pathophysiology of Shock in the Fetus and Neonate
156 – Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity
156 -
Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity
157 – Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
157 -
Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
158 – Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
158 -
Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
159 – Pathophysiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
159 -
Pathophysiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
160 – Pathophysiology of Ventilator-Dependent Infants
160 -
Pathophysiology of Ventilator-Dependent Infants
161 – Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux
161 -
Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux
162 – Pathophysiology and Prevention of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
162 -
Pathophysiology and Prevention ofNeonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
163 – Pathophysiology of Kernicterus
163 -
Pathophysiology of Kernicterus
164 – Pathophysiology of Neonatal AcuteKidney Injury
164 -
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury
165 – Pathophysiology of Edema
165 -
Pathophysiology of Edema
166 – Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity
166 -
Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity
167 – Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
167 -
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
168 – Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Bacterial Meningitis
168 -
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Bacterial Meningitis
169 – Pathophysiology of NeuralTube Defects
169 -
Pathophysiology of NeuralTube Defects
170 – Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
170 -
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
171 – Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth
171 -
Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth
172 – Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis- Host Immunity and Microbial Virulence
172 -
Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis: Host Immunityand Microbial Virulence
173 – Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease
173 -
Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease
174 – Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease
174 -
Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease