Facilitators are being called upon to work in international and cross-cultural arenas more than ever before. Facilitating Multicultural Groups provides a practical approach for facilitators to enhance their skills when working with people from diverse backgrounds. Based on research and facilitator experiences, it takes the facilitator step-by-step through ideas, processes, and frameworks that are designed to assist with workshop preparation, facilitation, and evaluation. It gives advice on how to adapt learning materials to suit specific situations and offers techniques to deal with conflict. Complete with definition of terminology, useful quotations, references, and electronic resources to follow up on areas of interest, this is essential reading for anyone facilitating multicultural groups.
0749444924.pdf......Page 2
Dedication & Imprint......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
About the author......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 8
Abbreviations......Page 9
Introduction......Page 12
Preparation research......Page 20
Generic cultural competencies framework......Page 22
Cultural intelligence......Page 27
What to take with you if working overseas......Page 28
What to check if going overseas......Page 29
Arrival strategies......Page 30
Use of local facilitation techniques and facilitators......Page 35
Diversity checklist for workshop design......Page 36
Getting to know and contracting with......Page 41
Planning workshop openings......Page 43
Ending rituals and celebration......Page 45
Formative evaluation......Page 46
Long-term evaluation......Page 49
Facilitator health and well-being......Page 50
Claiming the workshop space......Page 52
Introductions......Page 53
Clarifying individual roles......Page 55
Contracting participants’ needs and responsibilities......Page 56
Cultural attitudes to technology......Page 57
Creating cultural safety......Page 58
Enhancing respect......Page 60
Warm-up activities......Page 63
Energizers......Page 65
Room maintenance......Page 66
Strategies to encourage networking......Page 67
Processes to explore understanding......Page 70
Assumptions......Page 75
Linking the parts of a workshop......Page 81
Group formation......Page 83
What if they don’t understand?......Page 84
Transference of learning......Page 85
Motivating participants to read outside a workshop......Page 86
Adapting processes to different cultural contexts......Page 87
Stop–start role play......Page 88
Power in groups......Page 92
Modes of facilitation......Page 94
Ladder of participation......Page 95
Ladder of empowerment......Page 98
Ladders of equity......Page 100
Ladder of political safety, open and safe communication......Page 107
Values in facilitation and participation......Page 108
Uses of power and power bases......Page 109
Empowering processes to harness positive thinking......Page 111
Assumptions of appreciative inquiry......Page 113
Introduction......Page 118
Cultural socialization......Page 119
Characteristics of effective culturally diverse teams......Page 122
Intercultural sensitivity......Page 127
Cultural mapping......Page 128
The MBI model......Page 129
Different interpretations of the word ‘culture’......Page 131
Purpose/rationale of the cultural values card pack......Page 134
Explanations of cultural values cards......Page 137
Sorting the cultural card pack......Page 142
M: Mapping cultures with the card pack......Page 143
B: Bridge-building processes and strategies......Page 146
I: Integrating bridges into the existing system......Page 148
Comparing cultural ideals and cultural realities......Page 149
Other processes and strategies to map cultures......Page 150
Previously mapped cultures......Page 154
Behaviour cards......Page 155
Cultural awareness in simulation activities......Page 156
Mapping the cultures of stakeholders......Page 157
Facilitative bridging strategies......Page 161
Metaphors......Page 170
Stories......Page 171
Inviting participants to tell their stories......Page 172
Personal story process......Page 174
Case studies created by outsiders......Page 176
Case stories created by participants......Page 177
Role-reversal stories through the eyes of ‘the other’......Page 182
Music......Page 184
Hints for facilitators......Page 189
Processes involving music and sound......Page 192
Dance......Page 195
Group media (community-based media)......Page 196
Flows of communication with pictures......Page 197
Useful visual literacy research findings for facilitators......Page 198
Pictures and cartoons as discussion starters......Page 201
Facilitated discussion framework for picture analysis......Page 203
Mindscapes and concept drawing......Page 206
Participants design pictures......Page 211
Multi-purpose visuals......Page 212
Picture card packs......Page 214
Three-dimensional idea generation and development of prototypes......Page 215
Empowering uses of participatory video......Page 217
Resources for seeing things from different angles......Page 219
Learning how to draw......Page 222
Introduction......Page 224
Constructive and destructive paths and choices......Page 225
Ways of talking and listening......Page 228
Warm-up activity to identify sources of conflict......Page 232
Raising awareness of assumptions and stereotypes......Page 235
Perception and content assumptions and misunderstandings......Page 243
When dialogue stops, learning stops......Page 244
Use of superordinate goals to unite disparate groups......Page 248
Facilitating cultural inclusivity......Page 254
Holding up a mirror to the ‘others’......Page 259
Reconciliation and healing between cultures within a country: Australia......Page 264
Reconciliation among refugees......Page 275
Reconciliation and healing between cultures within a country: African examples......Page 276
The relationship between language......Page 282
Concepts do not always translate across cultures......Page 286
Speech patterns......Page 289
Different meanings and uses of silence......Page 293
Hints for facilitators to ‘facilitate or hold silence’......Page 302
Types of interpreting......Page 304
The mutual misunderstanding zone......Page 315
Translating documents......Page 318
Appendix 1: Sample 'cultural values' cards......Page 320
Appendix 2: Behaviour cards......Page 324
References......Page 330
Index......Page 341
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