Extremophiles: Diversity, Adaptation and Applications brings up-to-date knowledge about different types of extremophiles, the fascinating group of microorganisms that love to live in extreme environmental conditions. The book consists of fourteen chapters, of which, the first provides an overview of all the major types of extremophiles and the relationship with their respective extreme environments. The chapters following this introduction explain the diversity of prokaryotes based on environmental conditions, adaptation mechanisms, and industrial applications. The book concludes with a summary of the diverse biotechnological and industrial applications of extremophiles, emphasizing the importance of these microorganisms for human welfare.
The book is intended as a primary textbook reference that enriches the knowledge base of scholars in the field of microbiology and biotechnology. It can also serve as a secondary reference for anyone who is interested in research on extremophiles.
Key Features
- Covers all the major types of extremophiles, including hyperthermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, xerophiles, oligotrophs, chemolithotrophs, anaerobes and others
- Provides a fundamental overview of the microbiology of extreme environments
- Supplements fundamentals with information about industrial and scientific applications
- Presents information in a simple structured format suitable for learners
- Includes references for further reading
Author(s): Masrure Alam, Bipransh Kumar Tiwary
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 437
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
About the Editors
List of Contributors
Extremophiles: An Overview
Bipransh Kumar Tiwary1 and Masrure Alam2,*
INTRODUCTION
HYPERTHERMOPHILES
Diversity
Mechanisms of Adaptation
PSYCHROPHILES
Diversity
Mechanisms of Adaptation
ACIDOPHILES
Diversity
Mechanisms of Adaptation
ALKALIPHILES
Diversity
Mechanisms of Adaptation
HALOPHILES
Diversity
Mechanisms of Adaptation
RADIATION RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS
Diversity
Mechanisms of Adaptation
PIEZOPHILES
Diversity
Mechanisms of Adaptation
ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISMS
Diversity
Mechanisms of Adaptation
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Hyperthermophiles: Diversity, Adaptation and Applications
Masrure Alam1,* and Baishali Pandit1,2
INTRODUCTION
HYPERTHERMAL ENVIRONMENTS
Terrestrial Hot Springs
Marine Hydrothermal Vents
Other Hyperthermal Environments
DIVERSITY OF HYPERTHERMOPHILES
Diversity of Cultured Hyperthermophiles
Diversity of Uncultivated Hyperthermophiles: Information Obtained From Metagenomic Analysis of High-Temperature Environments
MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION OF HYPERTHERMOPHILES
Adaptations of the Membrane Structures
Maintenance of the Nucleic Acid Structures
Maintenance of the Structure of Proteins
APPLICATIONS OF HYPERTHERMOPHILES
Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Enzymes with Industrial Applications
Enzymes with Molecular Biological Applications
Biofuel Production
Reduction of Antibiotic Residues and Other Uses
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Psychrophiles
Mazharul Abbasi1,*
INTRODUCTION
DIVERSITY OF PSYCHROPHILES
MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION
Changes in the Cellular Envelopes
Cryoprotection
Enzymes
Energy Conservation and Metabolic Pathways
Cold Shock Proteins (CSPS)
Chaperones
Other Adaptations
APPLICATIONS
Enzymes
Applications in Molecular Biology
In Detergent Industry
In Food and Beverage Industries
In Bioremediation
Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
Production of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)
Production of Compatible Solutes
FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Acidophilic Microbes: Diversity and Adaptation to Low pH
Anirudra Gurung1,* and Cyaria Gurung2
INTRODUCTION
DIVERSITY OF ACIDOPHILES
MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION TO LOW PH
Impermeable Cell Membrane
Decreased Pore Size of Transporters
Reverse Membrane Potential
Efflux Proton Transporter
Cytoplasmic Buffering
Proton Uncoupling
Chaperone Proteins
Quorum Sensing (QS) System
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Alkaliphiles: Diversity, Adaptation and Applications
Supriya Mandal1 and Junaid Jibran Jawed1,*
INTRODUCTION
HABITATS AND ISOLATION OF ALKALIPHILES
DIVERSITY OF ALKALIPHILES
MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION
Cell Membrane Modifications
Modifications in the Cytoplasm
Production of Extracellular Biomolecules
Genomic Properties
APPLICATIONS
Biofuels
Enzymes
Bioplastics
Paper Industry
Pharmaceutical Products
Bioremediation
FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Halophilic Microorganisms: Diversity, Adaptation and Application
Bomba Dam1,*, Srikanta Pal1, Abhijit Sar1 and Puja Mukherjee1
INTRODUCTION
SALINE ENVIRONMENTS
TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY OF HALOPHILES
Taxonomic Diversity of Halophiles in Sambhar Lake
PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF HALOPHILES
SALT ADAPTATION MECHANISMS IN HALOPHILES
ADDITIONAL BENEFITS OF GENERAL SALT TOLERANCE MACHINERIES
Heavy Metal Tolerance
Antibiotic Resistance
Ionic Liquid Tolerance
APPLICATION OF HALOPHILES IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS
Plant Growth Promotion Under Salt Stress
Halophiles and Fermented Foods
Industrially Important Enzymes
Bioremediation of Polluted Environments
Biocontrol Activity
Pigments
Biopolymers
Halocins
Compatible Solutes
Halophiles and Astrobiology Research
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Piezophiles: Quiddity of Extreme Pressure Devotees
Janki Ruparelia1,2, Aniruddh Rabari1,2, Nishra Joshi1,2, Meenu Saraf2 and Chaitanya Kumar Jha1,*
INTRODUCTION
Origin and Distribution of Piezophiles in Piezosphere
Cultivation Methods for Piezophiles
DIVERSITY OF PIEZOPHILES
MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION
APPLICATIONS
FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Xerophiles
Aranya Mitra1 and Avishek Banik1,*
INTRODUCTION
DIVERSITY OF XEROPHILIES
MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION
Behavioral Adaptations
Physiological Adaptations
Metabolic Adaptations
Molecular Adaptations
ASTROBIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF XEROPHILES
FUTURE PROSPECTS AND CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Radiation Resistant Microorganisms
Upal Das Ghosh1,*
INTRODUCTION
Types of Radiation
Ionizing Radiation
Non-Ionizing Radiation
DIVERSITY OF RADIATION RESISTANT BACTERIA AND THEIR EVOLUTION
MECHANISMS OF RADIATION RESISTANCE
Radiation-Induced Damage
Ionizing Radiation Induced Damage
Non-Ionizing Radiation Induced Damage
ADAPTATIONS AGAINST RADIATION
Repair of DNA Damage
Repair of Protein Damage
Efficient Cellular Damage Control Mechanisms
Role of Small Non-Coding RNAs
APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION RESISTANCE
Environmental and Waste Management
Biotechnology and Therapeutics
FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Metallophiles and Heavy Metal Bioremediation
Upashna Chettri1 and Santa Ram Joshi1,*
INTRODUCTION
SOURCES OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION
EFFECTS OF METAL ON DIVERSITY OF METALLOPHILIC BACTERIA
MECHANISMS AND GENETIC BASIS OF HEAVY METAL RESISTANCE IN BACTERIA
POTENTIAL ROLE OF BACTERIA IN BIOREMEDIATION
PHYTOREMEDIATION AND MICROBIAL ASSOCIATIONS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
FUTURE PROSPECTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Anaerobes
Arijit Pal1 and Sekhar Pal2,*
INTRODUCTION
DIVERSITY OF ANAEROBES
Archaea
Bacteria
MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION
Archaeal Mechanisms of Anaerobicity
Bacterial Mechanisms of Anaerobicity
APPLICATIONS OF ANAEROBES
Production of Biofuel Ethanol and Alcoholic Beverages
Waste-Water Treatment
Detoxification of Poisonous Gas and Halogenated Aromatic Compounds
Improvement of Soil Fertility
Production of High Value Organic Acids
Various other Contributions: from Environment to Economy
FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Oligotrophs: Microbes at Low Nutrient Levels
Bipransh Kumar Tiwary1,* and Nitya Rai1
INTRODUCTION
OLIGOTROPHS: DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS
CLASSIFICATION OF OLIGOTROPHS
METHODS OF ISOLATION AND CULTIVATION OF OLIGOTROPHS
Extinction Culturing Method
High-Throughput Culturing (HTC) Method
Filtration-Acclimatization Method (FAM)
Diffusion Bioreactor Method
Soil Substrate Membrane System (SSMS)
Chemostat Selection Method
DIVERSITY OF OLIGOTROPHS
OLIGOTROPHS VS COPIOTROPHS
SIGNIFICANCES AND APPLICATIONS OF OLIGOTROPHS
Biological Monitoring of Heavy Metals
Monitoring of Asepetic Pharmaceutical Production Units
Biocontrol
Production of Useful Microbial Metabolites
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
Insecticide Bioremediation
Sand Fixing Agent
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Diversity and Mechanisms of Adaptation of Predominant Bacterial Chemolithotrophs in Extreme Habitats
Kunal Kumar Saha1, Subhrangshu Mandal2,* and Masrure Alam3
INTRODUCTION
DIVERSITY AND MECHANISMS OF EXTREMOPHILIC LITHOTROPHY
Iron Lithotrophy
Lithotrophic Attributes by Extremophilic Iron Oxidizing Bacteria (FeOB)
Bacterial Diversity and Habitat Specialization Among Extremophilic, Lithotrophic FeOB
Mechanisms of Fe (II) Oxidation by Extremophilic, Lithotrophic FeOB
Sulfur Lithotrophy
Sulfur Lithotrophy in Extremophilic Bacterial Candidates
Bacterial Diversity and Habitat Specialization Among Extremophilic, Lithotrophic Sulphur-Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB)
Mechanisms of Sulfur Oxidation by Extremophilic, Lithotrophic SOB
Hydrogen Lithotrophy
Lithotrophy By Extremophilic Hydrogen (H2) Oxidizing Bacteria (HOB)
Bacterial Diversity and Habitat Specialization Among Extremophilic Lithotrophic HOB
Mechanisms of H2 Oxidation by Extremophilic, Lithotrophic HOB
APPLICATIONS OF LITHOTROPHIC EXTREMOPHILIC BACTERIA
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Applications of Extremophiles
Urmimala Sen1 and Subhra Kanti Mukhopadhyay1,*
INTRODUCTION
APPLICATIONS OF OLIGOTROPHS
APPLICATIONS OF THERMOPHILES
APPLICATIONS OF HALOPHILES
APPLICATIONS OF PSYCHROPHILES
APPLICATIONS OF ACIDOPHILES
APPLICATIONS OF ALKALIPHILES
APPLICATION OF RADIATION-RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS
APPLICATIONS OF PIEZOPHILES
APPLICATION OF HEAVY METAL RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Subject Index
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