Extreme Environmental Events is an authoritative single source for understanding and applying the basic tenets of complexity and systems theory, as well as the tools and measures for analyzing complex systems, to the prediction, monitoring, and evaluation of major natural phenomena affecting life on earth. These phenomena are often highly destructive, and include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, climate change,, and weather. Early warning, damage, and the immediate response of human populations to these phenomena are also covered from the point of view of complexity and nonlinear systems. In 61 authoritative, state-of-the art articles, world experts in each field apply such tools and concepts as fractals, cellular automata, solitons game theory, network theory, and statistical physics to an understanding of these complex geophysical phenomena.
Author(s): Robert A. Meyers
Edition: 1st Edition.
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 1242
Cover......Page 1
Extreme Environmental Events......Page 4
ISBN: 9781441976949......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Sections......Page 7
About the Editor-in-Chief......Page 9
Editorial Board Members......Page 11
Section Editors......Page 13
Table of Contents......Page 15
Contributors......Page 18
Abrupt Climate Change Modeling......Page 24
Brittle Tectonics:
A Non-linear Dynamical System......Page 45
Climate Change and Agriculture......Page 54
Climate Change and Human Health......Page 65
Climate Change, Economic Costs of......Page 75
ClimateModeling, Global Warming
andWeather Prediction,
Introduction to......Page 89
Complexity in Earthquakes,
Tsunamis, and Volcanoes, and
Forecast, Introduction to......Page 91
Crustal Deformation During
the Seismic Cycle, Interpreting
Geodetic Observations of......Page 102
Cryosphere Models......Page 118
Dynamic Games with an Application
to Climate ChangeModels......Page 132
Earthquake Clusters over
Multi-dimensional Space,
Visualization of......Page 149
Earthquake Damage:
Detection and EarlyWarning
in Man-Made Structures......Page 173
Earthquake EarlyWarning System in
Southern Italy......Page 198
Earthquake Engineering,
Non-linear Problems in......Page 224
Earthquake Forecasting
and Verification......Page 241
Earthquake Location,
Direct, Global-SearchMethods......Page 253
Earthquake Magnitude......Page 278
Earthquake Monitoring
and Early Warning Systems......Page 301
Earthquake Networks, Complex......Page 335
Earthquake Nucleation Process......Page 343
Earthquake Occurrence and
Mechanisms, StochasticModels for......Page 361
Earthquake Scaling Laws......Page 387
Earthquake Source:
Asymmetry and Rotation Effects......Page 406
Earthquake Source Parameters,
Rapid Estimates for Tsunami Warning......Page 429
Earthquakes, Dynamic Triggering of......Page 448
Earthquakes,
Electromagnetic Signals of......Page 470
Earth’s Crust and Upper Mantle,
Dynamics of Solid–Liquid Systems in......Page 485
Evacuation as a Communication
and Social Phenomenon......Page 507
Evacuation Dynamics: Empirical
Results, Modeling and Applications......Page 540
Extreme Events in Socio-economic
and Political Complex Systems,
Predictability of......Page 574
Fractals in Geology and Geophysics......Page 591
Geo-complexity
and Earthquake Prediction......Page 596
GPS: Applications
in Crustal DeformationMonitoring......Page 612
Ground Motion: Complexity
and Scaling in the Near Field
of Earthquake Ruptures......Page 646
Infrasound from Earthquakes,
Tsunamis and Volcanoes......Page 686
JerkyMotion inSlowly Driven
Magnetic and Earthquake Fault
Systems, Physics of......Page 703
Pedestrian, Crowd
and Evacuation Dynamics......Page 720
Percolation, and Faults
and Fractures in Rock......Page 740
Pressure Impulses Generated
by Bubbles Interacting
with Ambient Perturbation......Page 754
Regional ClimateModels:
Linking Global Climate Change
to Local Impacts......Page 776
SeismicWave Propagation inMedia
with Complex Geometries,
Simulation of......Page 788
SeismicWaves in Heterogeneous
Earth, Scattering of......Page 811
Seismicity, Critical States of:
FromModels to Practical Seismic
Hazard Estimates Space......Page 828
Seismicity, Statistical Physics
Approaches to......Page 848
Single ColumnModeling
of Atmospheric Boundary Layers
and the Complex Interactions
with the Land Surface......Page 867
Slug Flow:Modeling in a Conduit
and Associated Elastic Radiation......Page 881
Solitons, Tsunamis and
Oceanographical Applications of......Page 896
Submarine Landslides and Slow
Earthquakes: Monitoring Motion
with GPS and Seafloor Geodesy......Page 912
System DynamicsModels of
Environment, Energy
and Climate Change......Page 931
Tomography, Seismic......Page 951
Tsunami Earthquakes......Page 990
Tsunami Forecasting andWarning......Page 1005
Tsunami Inundation, Modeling of......Page 1031
Tsunamis, Inverse Problem of......Page 1045
Volcanic Eruptions, Explosive:
Experimental Insights......Page 1058
Volcanic Eruptions:
Cyclicity During Lava Dome Growth......Page 1105
Volcanic Eruptions: Stochastic
Models of Occurrence Patterns......Page 1127
Volcanic Hazards and Early Warning......Page 1158
Volcano Seismic Signals,
Source Quantification of......Page 1169
Volcanoes, Non-linear Processes in......Page 1202
WedgeMechanics: Relation
with Subduction Zone Earthquakes
and Tsunamis......Page 1230
List of Glossary Terms......Page 1242
