External Field and Radiation Stimulated Breast Cancer Nanotheranostics

PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
Acknowledgements
Editor biographies
Dr Nanasaheb D Thorat
Professor Joanna Bauer
Contributors
Outline placeholder
Dr Sachin Otari
Dr Rakesh Patil
Dr Madhuri P Anuje
Dr Abdul K Parchur
Dr Vijaykumar Jadhav
Dr Nitesh Kumar
Ahmaduddin Khan
Dr Niroj Kumar Sahu
Dr Rohini D Kitture
Dr Arpita Pandey Tiwari
Dr Sonali S Rohiwal
CH001.pdf
Chapter 1 Introduction to external field stimulation modalities
1.1 Introduction
1.2 External field stimulation modalities
1.3 External field stimulation modalities for cancer theranostics
1.3.1 Magnetically stimulated cancer theranostics
1.3.2 Light stimulated cancer theranostics
1.3.3 Ultrasound stimulated cancer theranostics
1.3.4 Radiation (x-ray) stimulated cancer theranostics
1.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
CH002.pdf
Chapter 2 Physically responsive nanostructures in breast cancer theranostics
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Light-responsive systems
2.2.1 Photodynamic therapy
2.2.2 Photothermal therapy (PTT)
2.3 Magnetically responsive systems
2.3.1 Magnetic resonance imaging
2.3.2 Magnetic hyperthermia and targeted drug delivery system
2.4 Ultrasonic responsive system
2.5 Ionizing radiation triggered system
2.6 Future perspective
References
CH003.pdf
Chapter 3 Externally/physically stimulated breast cancer nanomedicine
3.1 Introduction
3.2 External/physical nanomedicine for breast cancers
3.2.1 Magnetic field
3.2.2 Ultrasound field
3.2.3 Radiofrequency mediated hyperthermia
3.2.4 X-ray irradiation
3.2.5 Phototriggered theranostics
3.3 Conclusion and future scope
Acknowledgments
References
CH004.pdf
Chapter 4 Magnetically stimulated breast cancer nanomedicines
4.1 Preface
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Tumor microenvironment and metastasis
4.4 Current trends and challenges in breast cancer treatment
4.5 Cancer nanomedicines
4.6 Magnetic nanoparticles
4.7 Magnetic field-induced breast tumor targeting
4.8 Mechanism of magnetic targeting
4.9 Magnetic hyperthermia in breast cancer
4.10 Mechanism of hyperthermia
4.11 Conclusion and prospective
References
CH005.pdf
Chapter 5 Magneto-plasmonic stimulated breast cancer nanomedicine
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Breast cancer and its causes
5.3 Existing breast cancer therapies
5.3.1 Surgical therapy
5.3.2 Chemotherapy
5.3.3 Endocrine therapy
5.3.4 Radiotherapy
5.4 Nanomaterial aspect of breast cancer therapy
5.4.1 Principle of magnetic hyperthermia
5.4.2 Principle of photothermal therapy
5.4.3 Nanomaterials used for MHT and PTT
5.4.4 Combination therapy
5.4.5 Synthesis and functionalization strategy of nanomaterial for therapeutic application
5.5 Mechanism of cellular uptake and accumulation of NPs in tumors
5.6 Current status of clinical trials of nanomedicine based on MHT and PTT
5.7 Toxicity of nanomaterials
5.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
CH006.pdf
Chapter 6 Radiation and ultrasound stimulated breast cancer nanomedicine
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Radiation therapy
6.2.1 Nanoparticle mediated radiation therapy
6.3 Ultrasound therapy
6.3.1 Nanoparticles mediated ultrasound therapy
6.4 Toxicity concerns
6.5 Conclusion
References
CH007.pdf
Chapter 7 Radiotherapy and breast cancer nanomedicine
7.1 Radiotherapy
7.1.1 History of radiotherapy
7.1.2 Mechanism of action of radiotherapy
7.1.3 Classification of radiotherapy
7.1.4 Radiation therapy versus radioisotope therapy
7.1.5 Nanoparticle mediated radionuclide therapy
7.1.6 Nanoparticles as radiosensitizers
7.2 Cancers and their staging based treatment modality
7.3 Cancer nanomedicine
7.3.1 Physiochemical characteristics of NPs influencing the delivery
7.3.2 Nanomedicine in clinical cancer care
7.4 Breast cancer
7.4.1 Breast anatomy and cancer
7.4.2 Classification of breast cancer—noninvasive and invasive
7.4.3 Conventional modalities for treating breast cancer
7.4.4 Challenges in radiotherapy and drug delivery
7.5 Breast cancer nanomedicine
7.5.1 Latest trend for the development of nanomedicine based breast cancer treatment
7.5.2 Drug delivery systems for breast cancer
7.5.3 Updated status of nanomedicine application for breast cancer treatment
7.6 Conclusion
References
CH008.pdf
Chapter 8 Ionizing radiation stimulated breast cancer nanomedicine
8.1 Introduction
8.2 X-rays and γ-rays radiation therapy
8.2.1 Metal based nanoparticles
8.2.2 Other high-Z-elements-based nanoparticles
8.2.3 Non-high-Z-elements
8.3 Nanomaterials delivering radioisotope for internal radioisotope therapy
8.4 Combined therapy
8.5 Conclusions
References
CH009.pdf
Chapter 9 Strengths and limitations of physical stimulus in breast cancer nanomedicine
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Cancer
9.1.2 Breast cancer
9.1.3 Nanomedicine
9.1.4 Nanomedicine for cancer treatment
9.2 Nanomedicine for tumor targeting
9.2.1 Active targeting
9.2.2 Passive targeting
9.3 Stimuli responsive/triggered nanomedicine for cancer theranostics
9.3.1 Endogenous/internal stimuli responsive nanomedicine
9.3.2 Exogenous/external stimuli responsive nanomedicine
9.4 Strengths and limitations of physical stimulus in breast cancer nanomedicine
9.4.1 Light triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
9.4.2 Ultrasound triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
9.4.3 Magnetic field triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
9.4.4 Radiation triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
9.4.5 Local hyperthermia triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
9.4.6 Radiofrequency triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
9.5 Discussion and general comment
Acknowledgment
References
CH010.pdf
Chapter 10 Pharmacokinetics of nanomedicine for breast cancer
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nanobiotechnology-based platforms for breast cancer therapy
10.3 Types of nanoformulations (nanomedicines) for breast cancer therapy
10.4 Physicochemical properties of nanomedicines and their effects in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
10.4.1 Particle surface area and size of the nanomedicines
10.4.2 Shape and aspect ratio of nanomedicines
10.4.3 Surface charge of nanomedicines
10.4.4 Composition and crystalline structure of nanomedicines
10.4.5 Aggregation and concentration of nanomedicines
10.4.6 Surface properties of nanomedicines
10.4.7 Solvents/media in nanomedicines
10.5 Selection criteria for nano drug delivery system
10.6 Arsenal for drug delivery
10.7 Importance of nanomedicines in pharmacokinetics of breast cancer therapy
10.8 Pharmacokinetics of nanomedicines for breast cancer therapy
10.8.1 Pharmacokinetics of liposomes
10.8.2 Pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticle system
10.8.3 Pharmacokinetics of Doxil
10.8.4 Pharmacokinetics of Myocet
10.8.5 Pharmacokinetics of Genoxol-PM
10.8.6 Pharmacokinetics of nanoxel
10.8.7 Pharmacokinetics of Rexin-G
10.8.8 Pharmacokinetics of Kadcyla
10.8.9 Pharmacokinetics of Abraxane
10.9 Novel targeting approaches for improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features for breast cancer therapy
10.9.1 Her2 targeting approach for her2 positive breast cancer
10.9.2 AAV2 receptor targeting approach for triple negative breast cancer
10.9.3 Gene targeting approach for breast cancer
10.9.4 Photothermal ablation (PTA) for breast cancer
10.10 Advantages of nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
10.11 Potential pharmacokinetic benefits of nanomedicine
10.12 Conclusion
References
CH011.pdf
Chapter 11 Clinical and preclinical trials of breast cancer
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biology of breast cancer metastasis
11.3 Nanomaterials used for breast cancer
11.3.1 Lipid based nanocarrier
11.3.2 Polymeric NPs
11.3.3 Inorganic nanoparticles
11.4 Concept of preclinical trials
11.4.1 Strategies and preclinical animal models
11.4.2 Challenges
11.5 Concept of clinical trials
11.5.1 Types
11.5.2 Challenges
11.6 Perspective
Acknowledgement
References
CH012.pdf
Chapter 12 Biological systems: a challenge for physical stimulation of cancer nanomedicine
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Commonly used physical stimulators in cancer nanomedicine
12.2.1 Photoresponsive
12.2.2 Ultrasound-triggered theranostics
12.2.3 Electro-thermally triggered theranostics
12.2.4 Magneto-thermally triggered theranostics
12.2.5 Additional remotely triggered treatments
12.2.6 Radiofrequency triggered
12.3 Challenges of current cancer nanomedicine
12.3.1 Toxicity of nanomaterials
12.3.2 Mass transport
12.3.3 Complexity of nanopharmaceuticals, characterization, stability and storage
12.3.4 Economic considerations
12.4 Conclusions and future directions
References