A laboratory manual for high schools, colleges, and universities, this book contains more than 80 experiments and lecture demonstrations. The coverage includes the essentials of general physics: mechanics and molecular physics, electricity and magnetism, optics and atomic physics, and condensed matter physics. All the experiments are illustrated through the results of real measurements and include many novel experiments developed by the author.
Author(s): Yaakov Kraftmakher
Publisher: World Scientific
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 545
Tags: Физика;Практикумы, экспериментальная физика и физические методы исследования;
Table of contents......Page 8
Preface ......Page 6
1 Introductory Experiments ......Page 12
Introduction ......Page 14
1.1. Free fall ......Page 20
1.2. Interference of sound waves ......Page 23
1.3. Charging and discharging a capacitor ......Page 26
1.4. I-U characteristics......Page 29
1.5. Lissajous patterns ......Page 31
1.6. Determination of short time intervals ......Page 34
1.7. Characteristics of a DC source ......Page 36
1.8. Oersted's great discovery ......Page 39
1.9. Magnetic field measurements ......Page 42
1.10. Magnetic force ......Page 47
1.11. Helmholtz coils ......Page 50
1.12. Faraday's law of induction ......Page 54
1.13. Lenz's rule ......Page 59
1.14. Electric power in AC circuits ......Page 65
1.15. Electrical filters ......Page 69
1.16. Probability functions ......Page 73
1.17. Photometric laws ......Page 76
1.18. Kirhhoffs rule ......Page 79
1.19. Malus' law......Page 83
1.20. Irradiance and illuminance ......Page 86
2 Mechanics and Molecular Physics ......Page 88
2.1. Velocity of sound in air ......Page 90
2.2. Pendulum ......Page 95
2.3. Tuning fork ......Page 104
2.4. Doppler effect ......Page 111
2.5. Nonlinear dynamics ......Page 114
2.6. Light bulb ......Page 119
2.7. Pulse calorimetry ......Page 122
2.8. Principles of modulation calorimetry ......Page 135
2.9. Heat of vaporization ......Page 142
2.10. Phase diagram of nitrogen ......Page 146
3 Electricity and Magnetism ......Page 150
3.1. Rotating magnetic field ......Page 152
3.2. LCR circuit ......Page 160
3.3. Skin effect ......Page 172
3.4. Eddy currents ......Page 178
3.5. Spectra of electrical signals ......Page 188
3.6. Correlation analysis ......Page 194
3.7. Thermal noise ......Page 202
3.8. Lock-in detection ......Page 206
3.9. Ampère's circuital law......Page 214
3.10. Transformer ......Page 218
4 Optics and Atomic Physics ......Page 230
4.1. Interference of light ......Page 232
4.2. Diffraction of light ......Page 237
4.3. Optical communication ......Page 247
4.4. Polarization of light ......Page 254
4.5. Faraday effect ......Page 259
4.6. Spectrophotometry ......Page 265
4.7. Speed of light ......Page 268
4.8. Thermal radiation ......Page 278
4.9. Hydrogen atom ......Page 288
4.10. Photoluminescence ......Page 293
5 Condensed Matter Physics ......Page 298
5.1. Equilibrium point defects in metals ......Page 300
5.2. Conductivity of solids. The Hall effect ......Page 308
5.3. Semiconductor electronics ......Page 314
5.4. Photovoltaic effect ......Page 320
5.5. Ferromagnetism ......Page 328
5.6. Curie point ......Page 341
5.7. Dielectric constant ......Page 353
5.8. Thermoelectric phenomena ......Page 360
6 Nobel Prize Experiments ......Page 370
6.1. Electron ......Page 372
6.2. Michelson interferometer ......Page 382
6.3. Principles of radio ......Page 390
6.4. Photoelectric effect ......Page 400
6.5. Franck-Hertz experiment ......Page 408
6.6. Thermionic emission ......Page 414
6.7. Transistor ......Page 429
6.8. Superconductivity ......Page 436
7 Student Projects ......Page 452
7.1. Moving-coil meter as a pendulum ......Page 454
7.2. Velocity of sound versus temperature ......Page 456
7.3. Hot-wire anemometry ......Page 458
7.4. Direct readout of resistivity ......Page 460
7.5. Contactless measurement of conductivity ......Page 462
7.6. Stokes viscometer ......Page 464
7.7. Metal detection and the Theremin ......Page 466
7.8. Recording magnetometer ......Page 473
7.9. Lock-in detector in a matchbox ......Page 476
7.10. Noise reduction by averaging technique ......Page 480
7.11. Detection of thermal radiation ......Page 484
7.12. Optical communication ......Page 487
7.13. Percolation ......Page 489
7.14. Clamp-on ammeter ......Page 491
7.15. Curie point ......Page 493
7.16. Simple electro-musical instruments ......Page 496
7.17. Two-stage Peltier cooler ......Page 498
7.18. Absolute temperature scale ......Page 500
7.19. Cavendish experiment ......Page 502
7.20. Demonstrations with a microscope ......Page 504
7.21. Diamagnetism of superconductors ......Page 506
7.22. Poisson spot ......Page 508
References ......Page 510
Index ......Page 540
