This book assesses the application of the calcium looping technology for CO2 capture from cement plants. The cement industry contributes significantly to the anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Due to process inherent CO2 emissions, the application of CCS technologies is inevitable to fully decarbonise the cement sector and mitigate climate change. A comprehensive study regarding the suitability of various potential sorbents (i.e. limestone, raw meal and raw meal components) acting as CO2 carrier has been conducted using thermogravimetric analysis. Various integration options of the calcium looping technology into the cement clinker manufacturing process have been developed addressing different boundary conditions of the cement plants. The more mature options using fluidised bed reactors have been extensively studied at semi industrial scale. Furthermore, a novel concept using entrained flow reactors has been assessed by investigating the sorbent properties of various raw meals in such a system.
Author(s): Matthias Hornberger
Publisher: Springer Vieweg
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 188
City: Wiesbaden
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Kurzfassung
Contents
List of symbols
List of subscripts
List of elements and molecules
List of acronyms
List of figures
List of tables
1 Introduction
1.1 CO2 capture from cement plants
1.2 Motivation and objectives
1.3 Previously published results
2 State of the art
2.1 Cement clinker manufacturing process
2.2 Carbon capture and storage technologies
2.3 Calcium looping CO2 capture
2.3.1 Development of calcium looping CO2 capture
2.3.2 The calcium looping CO2 capture process
2.3.3 Carbonation reaction
2.3.4 Calcination reaction
2.3.5 Sorbent activity
2.4 Reactor design
2.4.1 Carbonator design, active space time approach
2.4.2 Calciner design, active space time approach
3 Calcium looping CO2 capture for clinker manufacturing
3.1 Back-end calcium looping option using fluidised bed reactors
3.2 Integrated calcium looping option using entrained flow reactors
4 Methodology
4.1 Sorbent characterisation and sorbent screening
4.2 Fluidised bed calcium looping CO2 capture
4.2.1 Fluidised bed pilot facility (MAGNUS)
4.2.2 Analysis of sorbent samples collected within the fluidised bed calcium looping experiments
4.3 Entrained flow calcium looping CO2 capture
4.3.1 Entrained flow reactor (DIVA)
4.3.2 Conduction of entrained flow calcination experiments
4.3.3 Analysis of sorbent samples collected within the entrained flow experiments
5 Results - sorbent screening
5.1 Limestone
5.2 Raw meal
5.3 Raw meal components
5.4 Conclusion on sorbent screening
6 Results - fluidised bed calcium looping
6.1 Carbon mass balance of conducted experiments
6.2 Pilot plant operation
6.3 Hydrodynamic operation
6.4 Carbonator CO2 capture performance
6.4.1 Looping ratio and active looping ratio
6.4.2 Carbonator temperature profile
6.4.3 Influence of carbonation temperature
6.4.4 Sorbent CO2 carrying capacity
6.4.5 Influence of flue gas CO2 concentration
6.4.6 Carbonator active space time approach
6.5 Calciner operation
6.5.1 Calciner temperature profile
6.5.2 Oxy-fuel operation
6.5.3 Calciner active space time approach
6.6 Calciner flue gas composition
6.6.1 CO2 emissions
6.6.2 Excess O2 and CO emissions
6.6.3 SO2 emissions
6.6.4 NOx emissions
6.7 Conclusion on fluidised bed calcium looping CO2 capture
7 Results - entrained flow calcium looping
7.1 Calcination and recarbonation degree
7.2 Influence of fuel combustion on the calcination and recarbonation performance
7.3 Influence of CO2 partial pressure and carbonation temperature on raw meal recarbonation
7.4 Determination of kinetic parameters for raw meal carbonation
7.5 Conclusion on entrained flow calcium looping CO2 capture
8 Summary and conclusions
Appendix A Solid materials
A.1 Coal utilised within the fluidised bed experiments
A.2 Utilised sorbents - limestones and marlstones
Appendix B Calcium looping cement plant integration
B.1 Back-end calcium looping option using entrained flow reactors
B.2 Integrated calcium looping option using fluidised bed reactors
B.3 Hybrid entrained flow fluidised bed calcium looping option
Bibliography
