The Research and Technology Organisation (RTO) of NATO. Educational Notes RTO-EN-AVT-142, 2007, 405 pp. - ISBN 978-92-837-0057-9.
Papers presented during the AVT-142 RTO AVT/VKI Lecture Series held at the von Karman Institute, Rhode St. Genese, Belgium, 6-10 February 2006.
The need for a closer interaction between materials and fluid sciences as a key point of the future progress in space-entry research, rockets and high speed missiles engineering is well known. Indeed, under typical flight conditions the high energetic exchanges cause sharp temperature increases followed by molecule dissociation and particle ionizations governed by chemical reactions. Several empirical models are known for the description of such chemical processes and their differences turn out to affect sensibly the flow behavior mainly through the species composition. Another source of discrepancies arises when computing the interaction of such reactive flow with particles or solid structures using specific models, including catalytic properties, which affect the prediction of the total energy flux experienced by the surface. In order to increase the efficiency of the technologies currently used to sustain these flow conditions it requires on the R & D side a better understanding and control of the complex physico-chemical processes occurring in the external flow fields, wakes and propulsion systems, of such configurations. Therefore, a systematic review of the different aspects of this field appears essential in the development strategies of new technologies, dealing with aerothermochemical phenomena, as well as their military applications and for the more general space transportation domain.
The objectives of the collection of papers are to review the up-to-date experimental techniques, the theoretical models, as well as the numerical simulation developments involved in the treatment of the chemical characters of high temperatures gases. Aspects of both materials and high temperatures fluid sciences will be discussed together, with the aim of enhancing the improvements in the understanding of the processes of heat release on solid surfaces close to reactive gases taking place in re-usable hypersonic flight vehicles. The course notes will then focus on the presentation of the experimental techniques used to determine chemical non-equilibrium reaction rates, on the modeling and on the experimental investigation of gas surface interactions; and, finally, on the application of the previous concepts to both numerical and experimental investigation of flight and ground-test conditions.Contents
Ab Initio Atomistic Thermodynamics for Surfaces: A Primer - (Rogal, J.; Reuter, K.).
Introduction to Theoretical Surface Science - (GrolZ, A.).
Simulation of Gas-Surface Dynamical Interactions - (GrolZ, A.).
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Surface Processes: Oxygen Recombination on Silica Surfaces at High Temperature - (Cacciatore, M.; Rutigliano, M.).
Detailed and Simplified Kinetic Schemes for High Enthalpy Air Flows and their Influence on Catalycity Studies - (Bourdon, A.; Bultel, A.).
Theory and Computing of Gas Phase Chemical Reactions: From Exact Quantum to Approximate Dynamical Treatments. Theoretical Estimates of Reaction Observables vis-a-vis Modern Experiments - (Lagana, A.).
Laboratory Determination of Thermal Protection System Materials Surface Catalytic Properties - (Marschall, J.).
Interaction of Reactive Gas Flows and Ceramics at High Temperature - Experimental Methods for the Measurement of Species Recombination during Planetary Entry - (Balat-Pichelin, M.).
Experimental Studies on Hypersonic Stagnation Point Chemical Environment- (Chazot, O.).
Reacting Flows Simulation with Applications to Ground to Flight Extrapolation - (Barbante, P.F.).
Determination of Effective Recombination Probability: Detailed Aspects of a Macroscopic Methodology - (Rini, P.; Degrez, G.).
Numerical Implementation of Surface Catalysis, Reaction, and Sublimation - (Park, C).
A Risk-Based Approach for Aerothermal/TPS Analysis and Testing - (Wright, M.J.; Grinstead, J.H.; Bose, D.).
