This book is about exercise -- what it is, what it does to the individual, how it is measured and most of all what benefits it brings. Beginning with an introduction to the history and biology of exercise, it then reviews the interactions between exercise and specific diseases, such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer and many more, before considering exercise in a wider health context.
The book covers
Current societal norms, as well as the social and economic costs of inactivity;
Exercise for life - from starting young, to pregnancy, longevity and frailty;
Complications of exercise;
The intersections of behavioral psychology and exercise, such as encouragement and excuse making.
With comprehensive and clear explanations based on sound science, yet written in an approachable and accessible style, this book is a valuable resource for students of public health, medicine, physiotherapy, sports science, coaching and training.
Author(s): Dr Hugh J.N. Bethell, Professor David Brodie
Year: 2023
Language: English
Commentary: Exercise, A Scientific and Clinical Overview
Pages: 194
Tags: Exercise, A Scientific and Clinical Overview
Cover
Exercise: A Scientific and Clinical Overview
Copyright
Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Introduction
1 A Brief Historical Context for Exercise
References
2 The Muscles and Types of Exercise
Muscle Types
Exercising Your Muscles
Warming Up and Cooling Down
References
3 Oxygen as the Fuel of Aerobic Exercise
Oxygen Uptake or Oxygen Consumption
Oxygen Transport During Exercise
Ventilation
Cardiac output – the amount of blood pumped out by the heart
Extraction of blood by the muscles
Combined effect on oxygen uptake
4 Exercise Dose
Rate of Exertion
Total Energy Expended
References
5 Physical Fitness: The Best Measure of Exercise Capacity
Measuring Physical Fitness
Measuring Personal Fitness
The Cooper test
The Rockport walk test
The 6-minute walk test
The 20-metre progressive shuttle test
Variations in Average Fitness Levels
References
6 The Components of Overall Exercise Volume
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type of Exercise
Overall Exercise Volume
Moderate activities
Vigorous activities
Muscle-strengthening activities
The Benefits of These Recommendations
References
7 Population Activity Levels
References
8 How Fit is the General Population?
References
9 Evidence: Interpreting the Science
Presentation of Evidence
Mortality
Interpreting the Evidence
References
10 Obesity
Causes of Obesity
The Costs of Obesity
The Medical Ill Effects of Obesity
Exercise in the Prevention of Obesity
Exercise in the Treatment of Obesity
Benefits of Weight Loss
Maintenance of Weight Loss
Summary
References
11 High Blood Pressure (BP)
The Medical Ill Effects of Raised BP
Exercise in the Prevention of Raised BP
Exercise in the Treatment of Raised BP
References
12 Dyslipidaemia
Blood Fats
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
The Medical Ill Effects of Dyslipidaemia
Effect of Exercise on Lipids
References
13 Diabetes
Side Effects of Diabetes
Exercise in the Prevention of Diabetes
Exercise in the Treatment of Diabetes
Exercise in the Prevention of the Complications of Diabetes
References
14 The Metabolic Syndrome
The Nature of the Metabolic Syndrome
Exercise in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome
Exercise in the Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome
References
15 Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Causes of Coronary Artery Disease
Measuring Risk
Angina
Heart Attack
Heart Failure
Exercise in the Prevention of CHD
Exercise in the Treatment of CHD
Exercise in the Treatment of Heart Failure
References
16 Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
Exercise in the Prevention of PVD
Exercise in the Treatment of PVD
References
17 Stroke
Exercise in the Prevention of Stroke
Exercise in the Treatment of Stroke
Restoration of function
Secondary prevention
Other benefits of physical training
References
18 Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
Exercise in the Prevention of PD
Exercise in the Treatment of PD
References
19 Psychological Ill Health
The Impact of Psychological Illness
Exercise and Stress
Exercise in the Prevention of Psychological Ill Health
Exercise in the Treatment of Psychological Ill Health
Mental Health
References
20 Dementia and Cognition
Exercise in the Prevention of Dementia
Mechanisms
Exercise in the Treatment of Dementia
Cognition and Exercise
References
21 Lung Disease
Exercise and Lung Disease
Exercise in the Management of Lung Disease
References
22 Cancer
Exercise in the Prevention of Cancer
Exercise in the Treatment of Cancer
Prehabilitation
Rehabilitation
References
23 Osteoporosis
Exercise in the Prevention of Osteoporosis
Exercise in the Treatment of Osteoporosis
References
24 Other Conditions
Pregnancy
Erectile Dysfunction
Premenstrual and Menstrual Symptoms
Menopause
Joint Disease
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Inflammation
Others
References
25 Frailty
The Definition of Frailty
The Causes of Frailty
The Consequences of Frailty
The Role of Unfitness in Frailty
Healthspan
Exercise for Prevention of Frailty
Exercise in the Treatment of Frailty
Balance and Risk of Falling
Conclusion
References
26 Longevity
Effect of Exercise on Lifespan
Exercise Volume and Longevity
Volume of exercise
Intensity of exercise
Aerobic versus muscle-strengthening exercise
Recreational and competitive sport
Starting later
Physical Fitness and Longevity
Special Situations
References
27 The Social and Economic Costs of Inactivity
The Cost of Sedentary Behaviour
Physical Activity and Costs
A European Perspective
The Costs of Care for the Elderly
References
28 Encouraging Exercise
Starting Young
Adults
The Role of the Medical Profession
Enhancing Exercise Schemes
Other Ideas
Workplace interventions
Environmental interventions
Active commuting
Financial reward
Community interventions
Jogging and running
Internet-delivered interventions
Smartphone apps
Pedometers
Applying the concept of biological age
Food labelling
Reducing exercise targets, particularly for older people
Walking
The Political Approach
References
29 Sedentary Behaviour
How Much Sitting is Taking Place?
The Harmful Effects of Too Much Sitting
The Cost of Sedentary Behaviour
Reducing Sedentary Behaviour
References
30 Complications of Exercise
Sudden Death
Other Cardiac Arrhythmias
Other Cardiac Problems
Musculoskeletal Injuries
Stress Fractures
Exercise and Trauma
Extreme Endurance Exercise
Exercise Addiction
References
31 Excuses to Avoid Exercise
‘I am not fit enough.’
‘I am too fat.’
‘I have a long-standing injury.’
‘I am too busy.’
‘I might get cold and uncomfortable.’
‘I am too old.’
‘I might look stupid.’
‘I have children to look after.’
‘I have no one to exercise with.’
The Role of Health Professionals
32 Conclusions
References
Glossary
Index
Back Cover
