Evolution Second edition

Cover (Evolution)
Front Matter
Half Title
Title Page
Dedication
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Part I - Foundations of Evolutionary Biology
Chapter 1 - An Overview of Evolutionary Biology
1.1 - A Brief Introduction to Evolution, Natural Selection, and Phylogenetics
1.2 - Empirical and Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Evolution
Chapter 2 - Early Evolutionary Ideas and
2.1 - The Nature of Science: Natural versus Supernatural Explanations
2.2 - Time and a Changing World
2.3 - The Origins and Diversity of Life
2.4 - Organisms Are Well-Suited to Their Environments
2.5 - Darwin’s Theory
2.6 - Darwin on Natural Selection
2.7 - Darwin on Common Ancestry
2.8 - Problems with Darwin’s Theory
2.9 - The Reaction to Darwin and Early History of the Modern Synthesis
Chapter 3 - Natural Selection
3.1 - The Components of Natural Selection
3.2 - Adaptations
3.3 - Natural Selection in the Field
3.4 - Natural Selection in the Laboratory
3.5 - Origin of Complex Traits
3.6 - Constraints on What Natural Selection Can Achieve
Chapter 4 - Phylogeny and Evolutionary History
4.1 - Phylogenies Reflect Evolutionary History
4.2 - Reading Phylogenetic Trees
4.3 - Traits on Trees
4.4 - Homology and Analogy
4.5 - Using Phylogenies to Generate and Test Evolutionary Hypotheses
Chapter 5 - Inferring Phylogeny
5.1 - Building Trees
5.2 - Parsimony
5.3 - Distance Methods
5.4 - Rooting Trees
5.5 - How Many Different Trees Are There?
5.6 - Phylogenies and Statistical Confidence
5.7 - Fossil Evidence of Evolutionary History
5.8 - Phylogeny, Natural Selection, and the Comparative Method
Part II - Evolutionary Genetics
Chapter 6 - Transmission Genetics and the
6.1 - Mendel’s Laws
6.2 - Transmission Genetics
6.3 - Variation and Mutation
6.4 - Mutation Rates and Fitness Consequences
Chapter 7 - The Genetics of Populations
7.1 - Individual-Level versus Population-Level Thinking
7.2 - The Hardy–Weinberg Model: A Null Model for Population Genetics
7.3 - Natural Selection
7.4 - Mutation
7.5 - Nonrandom Mating
7.6 - Migration
7.7 - Consequences on Variation within and between Populations
Chapter 8 - Evolution in Finite Populations
8.1 - Random Change and Genetic Drift
8.2 - Coalescent Theory and the Genealogy of Genes
8.3 - Demography, Biogeography, and Drift
8.4 - The Interplay of Drift, Mutation, and Natural Selection
8.5 - The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
Chapter 9 - Evolution at Multiple Loci
9.1 - Polygenic Traits and the Nature of Heredity
9.2 - Population Genetics of Multiple Loci
9.3 - Adaptive Landscapes
9.4 - Quantitative Genetics
Chapter 10 - Genome Evolution
10.1 - Whole-Genome Sequencing
10.2 - Resolving the Paradoxes of Genome Size
10.3 - Content and Structure of Viral Genomes
10.4 - Content and Structure of Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes
10.5 - Content and Structure of Eukaryotic Nuclear Genomes
Part III - The History of Life
Chapter 11 - The Origin and Evolution of Early Life
11.1 - What Is Life?
11.2 - The Origin and Evolution of the Building Blocks of Life
11.3 - The Evolution of Protocells
11.4 - The RNA World
11.5 - Genetic Information and Genetic Exchange
11.6 - Metabolic Networks, Minimal Gene Sets, and Cell Evolution
Chapter 12 - Major Transitions
12.1 - Overview of Major Transitions
12.2 - Major Transition: The Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell
12.3 - Major Transition: The Evolution of Multicellularity
12.4 - Major Transition: The Evolution of Individuality
12.5 - Major Transition: Solitary to Group Living
Chapter 13 - Evolution and Development
13.1 - Evo–Devo: A Brief History
13.2 - Regulation, Expression, and Switches
13.3 - Evo–Devo and Gene Duplication
13.4 - Evo–Devo and Neural Crest Cells
Chapter 14 - Species and Speciation
14.1 - The Species Problem
14.2 - Modes of Speciation
14.3 - Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms and the Genetics of Speciation
Chapter 15 - Extinction and Evolutionary Trends
15.1 - The Concept of Extinction
15.2 - Background Extinction
15.3 - Mass Extinction
15.4 - Factors Correlated with Extinction
15.5 - Rates of Evolutionary Change and Evolutionary Trends
Part IV - Evolutionary Interactions
Chapter 16 - Sex and Sexual Selection
16.1 - Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
16.2 - The Costs of Sexual Reproduction
16.3 - The Benefits of Sexual Reproduction
16.4 - Sexual Reproduction Leads to Sexual Selection
16.5 - Intersexual Selection
16.6 - Intrasexual Selection and Sexual Conflict
Chapter 17 - The Evolution of Sociality
17.1 - Cooperation
17.2 - Conflict
17.3 - Information and Communication
Chapter 18 - Coevolution
18.1 - Coevolution and Mutualism
18.2 - Antagonistic Coevolution
18.3 - Mosaic Coevolution
18.4 - Gene–Culture Coevolution
Chapter 19 - Human Evolution
19.1 - Evolutionary Relationships among the Great Apes
19.2 - The Hominin Clade
19.3 - The Emergence of Anatomically Modern Humans
19.4 - Interbreeding among Humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans
19.5 - Migration of Modern Humans
Chapter 20 - Evolution and Medicine
20.1 - Vulnerability to Disease
20.2 - Fever
20.3 - Coevolutionary Arms Races between Pathogens and Hosts
20.4 - Phylogenetic Constraint and Vulnerability to Choking
20.5 - Senescence
Answers to Key Concept Questions
Glossary
References
Credits
Index