Research during the past two decades has produced major advances in understanding sleep within particular species. Simultaneously, molecular advances have made it possible to generate phylogenetic trees, while new analytical methods provide the tools to examine macroevolutionary change on these trees. These methods have recently been applied to questions concerning the evolution of distinctive sleep state characteristics and functions. This book synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the evolutionary origins of sleep and its adaptive function, and it lays the groundwork for future evolutionary research by assessing sleep patterns in the major animal lineages.
Author(s): Patrick McNamara, Robert A. Barton, Charles L. Nunn
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 293
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 11
Introduction......Page 13
Overview of the volume......Page 16
Lacunae......Page 19
Future directions......Page 20
References......Page 22
Introduction: sleep and ecology......Page 24
Sleep and laboratory conditions......Page 25
Sleep architecture: Correlated evolution of sleep durations, sleep cycle length, and phasing of sleep......Page 27
Sleep architecture and predation......Page 32
Sleep, trophic niche, and energetics......Page 35
How plastic is sleep architecture in mammals?......Page 37
Conclusions and future directions......Page 40
References......Page 41
2 Sleep in insects......Page 46
Systematic studies of insect sleep......Page 49
Sleep in bees......Page 51
Drosophila: A model system for sleep......Page 54
Electrophysiology......Page 56
Genetics......Page 57
Aging......Page 58
Signaling pathways and neurotransmitters......Page 59
Methodological considerations in Drosophila studies......Page 60
Discussion......Page 62
References......Page 63
Origin and ultimate function of sleep in terrestrials......Page 69
Detailed focal visions role in the origin of primitive sleep......Page 71
Origin, history, and distinguishing features......Page 73
The eye......Page 74
The acousticolateralis system and inner ear......Page 75
Sleep and restful waking: Free-living fishes......Page 76
Sleep, sleep-swimming, restful waking, and activity: Coral-reef communities......Page 77
Schooling......Page 79
Scombrids: Adaptations for sustained high-speed cruising......Page 82
Scombrids: Distribution and migrations......Page 83
Scombrids: Continuous swimming......Page 85
Overview: Why some fishes require no rest or sleep......Page 86
Influences of a comparatively routine pelagic existence......Page 87
Obtaining the essential benefits of sleep by schooling......Page 89
Summary......Page 91
References......Page 92
Abstract......Page 98
The evolution of sleep......Page 99
Sleep regulation......Page 103
Organization of sleep......Page 109
Sleep function......Page 111
References......Page 112
Introduction......Page 119
Dyssomnias......Page 120
Sleep intensity and the homeostatic regulation of sleep......Page 121
Insomnia......Page 122
Narcolepsy and hypersomnolence......Page 128
Idiopathic hypersomnia......Page 129
Kleine–Levin syndrome......Page 130
References......Page 132
Introduction......Page 135
The measurement of primate sleep quotas and sleep architecture......Page 137
Empirical data and general evolutionary patterns......Page 138
Sleep in relation to biological characteristics of primates......Page 143
Evolution of monophasic sleep......Page 145
Reductions in sleep among diurnal primates......Page 146
Altered developmental sleep patterns......Page 147
Sociality and primate sleep......Page 148
Conclusions and recommendations for future research......Page 150
References......Page 152
Introduction......Page 157
Slow-wave sleep......Page 158
Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep......Page 160
REM sleep......Page 162
Sleep homeostasis......Page 164
Convergent evolution of SWS and REM sleep in mammals and birds......Page 167
Why do they sleep similarly?......Page 168
Concluding remarks......Page 175
References......Page 176
Introduction......Page 184
Homology and analogy......Page 188
Structure of the visual system in reptiles and mammals......Page 189
Functional properties of tectal and telencephalic processing......Page 192
Neurological signs of wakefulness in mammals and reptiles......Page 193
The meaning of differences in the EEGs of reptiles and mammals......Page 201
Conclusion: Is the waking of reptiles and mammals homologous?......Page 202
How mammalian waking appeared......Page 203
Embryological studies......Page 204
The vital function of sleep: Should it exist?......Page 205
References......Page 206
Discovery of REM sleep......Page 213
The evolution of REM sleep......Page 214
REM sleep in vertebrates......Page 216
REM sleep in amphibians......Page 217
REM sleep in reptiles......Page 218
REM sleep in birds......Page 220
REM sleep in mammals......Page 221
REM sleep in monotremes......Page 222
REM sleep in primitive marsupial and placental mammals......Page 223
REM sleep in marine mammals......Page 224
What does this mean?......Page 226
References......Page 227
10 Toward an understanding of the function of sleep: New insights from mouse genetics......Page 234
High-throughput sleep phenotyping in the postgenomic era......Page 237
Genetic variation determines the architecture of sleep......Page 238
Gene expression profiling during sleep and wakefulness......Page 240
Circadian mechanisms and sleep......Page 242
Genomic imprinting modulates sleep expression......Page 244
Outlook......Page 246
References......Page 248
11 Fishing for sleep......Page 254
Do zebrafish sleep?......Page 258
Homeostatic regulation of sleep and effects of light......Page 261
Circadian regulation......Page 263
Neurochemical mechanisms of sleep regulation in zebrafish......Page 264
Neuronal structures involved in zebrafish sleep......Page 269
Age-related changes in zebrafish sleep......Page 272
Conclusion......Page 276
References......Page 277
Index......Page 283
