The emergence of the Balkan national states in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has long been viewed through an Orientalist lens, and their birth and evolution traditionally seen by scholars as the effect of the Ottoman Empire's decline. As a result, the role played by the great European revolutions, wars and intellectual developments is often neglected.
Rejecting these traditional Orientalist narratives, this work examines Balkan nationalist movements within their broader European historical contexts. Drawing on a range of unused archival research and ranging from the Napoleonic era to the Bolshevik Revolution, contributors variously consider the complex roles played by Europe's internal geo-political ruptures in forming the Balkan states, and demonstrate how the Balkan intelligentsia drew inspiration from, and interacted with, contemporary European thought. Shedding light onto the strong intellectual, political and military interconnections between the regions, this is essential reading for all those studying Balkan and European history, as well as anyone interested in the question of national identity.
Published in Association with the British Institute at Ankara
Author(s): Dimitris Stamatopoulos (editor)
Series: The Ottoman Empire and the World
Publisher: I.B. Tauris / Bloomsbury
Year: 2019
Language: English
Pages: 280
Cover page
Halftitle page
Title page
Copyright page
Contents
Illustrations
Contributors
1 War and Revolution: A Balkan Perspective – An Introduction
The War as Revolution
The Revolution as War
The Revolution as Civil War
The Revolution as Imperial Nationalism
Notes
Bibliography
2 Emulating Petrine Russia: Thick Mechanicism and the Foundations of Government in Istanbul after the Rebellion of 1730
Limits of Competitive Emulation
The Rebellion of 1730
The New Order in 1732
Mechanical Arts and the Russian Precedent
Notes
Bibliography
3 New Horizons of Political Possibility: Greek Political Imagination aft er the Russo-Ottoman War of 1768–1774
Introduction
The Shock of 1774: The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca and Greek Political Imagination
Iosipos Moisiodax’s ‘Liberal’ Sensibilities
Dimitrios Katartzis’ Communitarianism
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
4 Military Reforms as a Diplomatic Bargaining Chip: French-Ottoman Relations at the End of the Eighteenth Century
Introduction
French Military Experts in the Ottoman Army: A General Overview
The Ottoman Empire under Sultan Selim III as a Part of the International Political System
French Military Specialists and the Nizam-i Cedid
Jean-Baptiste Barthelemy Lesseps and Pierre Fergo
Military Experts at the End of The Eighteenth Century
Jacques-Balthazard le Brun
Conclusion
Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography
5 Echoes of Tumultuous Wars: Prosperity and Poverty of the Balkan Entrepreneurial Strata (1800s–1880s)
Introduction
Wars and Revolutions in the pre-Tanzimat Period (1790s–1839)
The Kırcalı and Ayan Revolts (1797–1807)
The Serbian Revolts (1804–1813, 1815)
The Russo-Ottoman War (1806–1812)
The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) and the Russo-Ottoman War (1828–1829)
The Era of Reforms: the Tanzimat (1839–1876)
The Crimean War (1853–1856)
The Tumultuous Years (1875–1878)
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
6 The Final Phase of the Greek Revolution: Delimitation, Determination and Demarcation of the First Greek Borders in Ottoman Sources
Introduction
Encountering the Greek Boundary Problem
Determining the Boundary: The Constantinople Conferences
Ottoman Terminology during the Negotiations
Demarcation of the Border
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
7 Petko Voivoda: A Re-evaluation of Nineteenth-Century Bulgarian Military History
From ‘Primitive Rebels’ to Haiduks : Theoretical Background and a Framework for Discussion
Haiduk Activities: An Alternative Approach
Notes
Bibliography
8 Uprisings, Revolutions and Wars: Visual Representations in the Bulgarian Illustrated Press at the End of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century
Introduction
Turn of the Century
Balkan Wars
The Great War
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
9 Under a Gun : Eugen Kumičić on the Austria-Hungarian Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Introduction
The Croatian Question and the Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatians versus Serbs
Ante Starčević and Josip J. Strossmayer
Eugen Kumičić’s Under a Gun: A Personal Narrative
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
10 War, Intellectuals and the Balkan States: French Intellectuals’ Perception of Serbiaand Serbs in the Great War
Introduction
French Intellectuals and the Balkans
Intellectual Cooperation
Changes to French Public Opinion Towards the Serbs from 1894 to 1913
Intellectuals in War: From Sympathy to Affi rmation of the Serbian National Aims
‘My Serbian Patriotism Follows Behind My French Patriotism’
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
11 The New Ottoman Conception of War, State and Society in the Prelude to the First World War
The Shift Towards Authoritarianism
Germany as the Ideal Social and Political Model for Renewal
The Shift from Universalism to National Idealism
Gökalp and his ‘Üç Cereyan’ (Three Currents of Thought)
Conceptualizing the State
Ottoman State as a War Machine
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
12 War, Revolution and Diplomacy: The October Revolution of 1917 and the Turkish Anatolian Resistance Movement, 1919–1922
Introduction
Revolutions Connected, Revolutions Affected
The ‘Revolutionary Tide’ Before the Anatolian Resistance Movement
Turkish-Russian Relations during the Anatolian Resistance Movement
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Index
