This open access book investigates the transnationally connected history of Arab Christian communities in Palestine during the British Mandate (1918-1948) through the lens of the birth of cultural diplomacy. Relying predominantly on unpublished sources, it examines the relationship between European cultural agendas and local identity formation processes and discusses the social and religious transformations of Arab Christian communities in Palestine via cultural lenses from an entangled perspective.
The 17 chapters reflect diverse research interests, from case studies of individual archives to chapters that question the concept of cultural diplomacy more generally. They illustrate the diversity of scholarship that enables a broad-based view of how cultural diplomacy functioned during the interwar period, but also the ways in which its meanings have changed. The book considers British Mandate Palestine as an internationalized node within a transnational framework to understand how the complexity of cultural interactions and agencies engaged to produce new modes of modernity.
Author(s): Karène Sanchez Summerer, Sary Zananiri
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 465
City: Cham
Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
Genesis of a Project
The Power of a Cultural Paradigm for British Mandate Palestine and Christian Communities
Precedents
Looking at Cultural Diplomacy in a Proto-National Setting: Towards an Integrative Approach
Overview of the Book
Speaking to the Silences?
Bibliography
Turning the Tables? Arab Appropriation and Production of Cultural Diplomacy
Introduction Part I Indigenising Cultural Diplomacy?
Bibliography
Orthodox Clubs and Associations: Cultural, Educational and Religious Networks Between Palestine and Transjordan, 1925–1950
Orthodox Laity in the Emirate of Transjordan: Developing Diplomatic Ties in a Political Sphere in Reconfiguration
Orthodox Laity During the Interwar Period: Regional Networks and Circulations
Claims for Cultural and Educational Facilities in the New Capital
Orthodox Laity and the Mandate Representative: Creating Political Ties
The Orthodox Notables in Transjordan and the Development of the Arab Orthodox Nahda Association
The Foundation of the Arab Orthodox Nahda Association: A Palestinian Connection?
The Arab Orthodox Nahda Association: Creating a Communal Urban Presence
Migration and Regional Circulation: Expanding the Arab Orthodox Imprint in Amman
The 1940s and the Change of Diplomatic Paradigm
From Sunday School to the Educational Association
Sporting and Cultural Associations: Family Networks and Know-How
Conclusion
Bibliography
The Making Stage of the Modern Palestinian Arabic Novel in the Experiences of the udabāʾ Khalīl Baydas (1874–1949) and Iskandar al-Khūri al-BeitJāli (1890–1973)
A Cultural Life Before Its Destruction
Literature, Nahda and Russian Schools in Palestine
Khalīl Baydas and the Foundation of Norms of the Palestinian Novel
Iskandar al-Khūri and Palestinian Literary Realism
Conclusion
Bibliography
Sound Power: Musical Diplomacy Within the Franciscan Custody in Mandate Jerusalem
St Saviour’s Schola Cantorum
Controlling and Patronising Orphans Through Music
A Musico-Political Agenda
Lama: From Cecilianism to the Nakba
Reverberating Around a Changing City
Bibliography
The Melkite Community, Educational Policy and French Cultural Diplomacy: Archbishop Grigorios Hajjar and Mandatory Galilee
Melkite Archives for a Melkite Cultural History
The Archives of the Patriarchal Residence: Rabweh
Library of the Monastery of Saint-Sauveur: Joun
Archives of the Melkite Patriarchate: Damascus
Educating the Melkites à la française
Grigorios Hajjar: Bishop of the Arabs and Prince of Preachers
Hajjar’s Educational Policy in Galilee
French in the Melkite Schools
The Melkites Between Diplomacy and Cultural Diplomacy
Grigorios Hajjar, an Agent of Cultural Diplomacy
Bibliography
Cultural Diplomacy in Mandatory Haifa: The Role of Christian Communities in the Cultural Transformation of the City
The European Presence in Haifa
Cultural Transformation in Haifa and the Role of Christian Communities
Culture as a Tool for Consolidating Palestinian National Identity
Conclusions
Bibliography
Showing and Telling: Cultural and Historical Entanglements under the Mandate
Introduction Part II Colonial Hegemony, Arab Virtù and the Philosophy of History: Excavating, Exhibiting and Cultural Diplomacy in the Palestine Mandate
Bibliography
Palestinian Christians in the Mandate Department of Antiquities: History and Archaeology in a Colonial Space
The Palestine Mandate Department of Antiquities
Palestinians in the Department of Antiquities
Stephan Hanna Stephan and Na’im Shehadi Makhouly
Stephan and Makhouly After 1948
Conclusion
Bibliography
Between Diplomacy and Science: British Mandate Palestine and Its International Network of Archaeological Organisations, 1918–1938
The Institutionalisation of Archaeology in Palestine in the Early 1920s
The Establishment of a Transnational Archaeological Network in Palestine
Excavation Methods and Archaeological Tourism as Diplomatic Tools
Bibliography
Competition in the Cultural Sector: Handicrafts and the Rise of the Trade Fair in British Mandate Palestine
Artistic Missions
The Trade Fair During the British Mandate
Fair Competition
Conclusion
Bibliography
Influencing the Other: European Private and Governmental Actors
Introduction Part III European Soft Power and Christian Cultures at the Crossroads in Mandate Palestine
Setting the Stage
The Christians of Palestine, and the European Deployment of Hard and Soft Power
European Christian Competition: Battling for Influence
Palestine at the Crossroads
Bibliography
Diaspora-Building and Cultural Diplomacy: The Greek Community of Jerusalem in Late Ottoman Times and the Mandate
The Establishment and Development of the Greek Diaspora Community
The Jerusalem Greek Diaspora in the Mandate
Conclusion
Bibliography
The Palestine Society: Cultural Diplomacy and Scholarship in Late Tsarist Russia and the Soviet State
Porphyrii Uspenskii and the First Russian Mission in Jerusalem
Russian Institutions in Jerusalem After the Crimean War
The Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (1882–1914)
The Palestine Society and Russian Mission During WWI and in the Interwar Period
World War I
The Russian Mission during World War I
The Russian Palestine Society in the Interwar Period
The Question of the Properties: Contacts with Palestine
Research Work of the Palestine Society, 1919–1930
Conclusion
Bibliography
Continuities and Discontinuities in the Austrian Catholic Orient Mission to Palestine, 1915–1938
Actors, Structures, and Goals in the Late Habsburg Monarchy
From Turmoil to the Consolidation of the Republic—A New Beginning in Palestine?
Authoritarian Austria and Palestine
Conclusion
Bibliography
A Coherent Inconsistency: Italian Cultural Diplomacy in Palestine, 1918–1938
In Search of a Working Definition of Cultural Diplomacy
The Italian Consulate in Jerusalem: A Short History
Pre-Fascist Italy Cultural Diplomacy in Palestine
“La Strada Delle Suore”
The Italian Hospital (Building)
Fascist Cultural Diplomacy in Palestine 1934–1939
Radio Bari
The Protector of the Jews
Conclusion
Bibliography
The International Centre for the Protection of Catholic Interests in Palestine: Cultural Diplomacy and Outreach in the British Mandate Period
The Latin Patriarch Barlassina: A Tireless Fighter
The Latin Patriarchate’s Cultural Policies During the Mandate
The International Centre for the Protection of Catholic Interests in Palestine and Its Raison D’être
The International Centre for the Protection of Catholic Interests in Palestine and Its Activities
Conclusion
Bibliography
A “Significant Swedish Outpost”: The Swedish School and Arab Christians in Jerusalem, 1920–1930
Background
Early Mandate Years
“Needed Among the Arabs” in Mandatory Palestine
The Arab Teachers
Parents and Children: Expectations and Attractions
Why Did Arab Parents Send Their Children to the Swedish School?
Conclusion
Bibliography
French Cultural Efforts Towards Jerusalem’s Arab Population in the Late British Mandate in Palestine
Preliminaries
The Founding of a Centre de Culture Française de Jérusalem
The Idea of a French Lycée (Secondary School)
French Courses
The Centre de Culture Française
The Fate of the CCF
Early Days
WWII
Conclusion: After WWII
Bibliography
Conclusions
Cultural Affiliation and Identity Constructs Under the British Mandate for Palestine
Bibliography
Epilogue
Education
Newspapers
Humanitarianism
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
