Tracing the interwoven traditions of modern welfare states in Europe over five centuries, Thomas McStay Adams explores social welfare from Portugal, France, and Italy to Britain, Belgium and Germany. He shows that the provision of assistance to those in need has faced recognizably similar challenges from the 16th century through to the present: how to allocate aid equitably (and with dignity); how to give support without undermining autonomy (and motivation); and how to balance private and public spheres of action and responsibility.
Across two authoritative volumes, Adams reveals how social welfare administrators, critics, and improvers have engaged in a constant exchange of models and experience locally and across Europe. The narrative begins with the founding of the Casa da Misericordia of Lisbon in 1498, a model replicated throughout Portugal and its empire, and ends with the relaunch of a social agenda for the European Union at the meeting of the Council of Europe in Lisbon in 2000.
Volume 1, which focuses on the period from 1500 to 1700, discusses the concepts of 'welfare' and 'tradition'. It looks at how 16th-century humanists joined with merchants and lawyers to renew traditional charity in distinctly modern forms, and how the discipline of religious reform affected the exercise of political authority and the promotion of economic productivity.
Volume 2 examines 18th-century bienfaisance which secularized a Christian humanist notion of beneficence, producing new and sharply contested assertions of social citizenship. It goes on to consider how national struggles to establish comprehensive welfare states since the second half of the 19th century built on the power of the vote as politicians, pushed by activists and advised by experts, appealed to a growing class of industrial workers. Lastly, it looks at how 20th-century welfare states addressed aspirations for social citizenship while the institutional framework for European economic cooperation came to fruition
Author(s): Thomas McStay Adams
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 461
City: London
Cover
Halftitle page
Frontispiece
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication
CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS, VOLUME 2
A NOTE ON THE TEXT
Introduction VOLUME 2
PART THREE “The Grumbling Hive” 1700–1850
CHAPTER TEN France From Enlightenment to Revolution
AN EXPERIMENT IN MAKING BEGGARS USEFUL: THE INCENTIVE OF WELL-BEING
THE COMMITTEE ON MENDICITY OF THE FRENCH CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
THE COMMITTEE REPORTS ON THE HOSPITALS OF PARIS
BEGGARS AND FOUNDLINGS: CRAFTING A NEW REGIME
NOTES
CHAPTER ELEVEN A Social Republic Lost but Not Forgotten
FROM CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY TO JACOBIN REPUBLIC
THE FALL OF ROBESPIERRE AND A BALANCE SHEET, 1789–94
AFTER THERMIDOR, 1794–1801
NAPOLEON AND WELFARE IN FRANCE AND EUROPE
THE “SOCIAL QUESTION” AND THE SEARCH FOR ANSWERS
LOUIS-NAPOLEON AND THE APPEAL OF “MUTUALISME”
NOTES
CHAPTER TWELVE Poverty and Political Economy England and Scotland
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH PHILANTHROPY
ENGLAND AND THE “NEW” POOR LAW OF 1834
CYCLES OF DISTRESS PROMPT A BROADER AND MORE FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
SCOTLAND
NOTES
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Upbringing, Work, and Health in German Lands
THE ORPHANAGE UNDER SCRUTINY
THE MANIFOLD BENEFITS OF INDUSTRY: HAMBURG
PRUSSIA: SOCIAL STRAINS AND POLITICAL UPHEAVAL
A RIGHT TO HEALTH: RUDOLF VIRCHOW, EPIDEMICS, AND REVOLUTIONS
FROM REVOLUTION TO REACTION: A “DEPRESSIVE STATE”?
NOTES
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Reform from Above Munich to Naples—How Enlightened?
BAVARIA
AUSTRIA AND THE HABSBURG DOMINIONS
LOMBARDY AND TUSCANY
ROME AND NAPLES
THE RESTORATION IN ITALY AFTER NAPOLEON
GLIMPSES EAST AND WEST: PORTUGAL AND RUSSIA
NOTES
CHAPTER FIFTEEN Remodeling the Hive?
A SCIENCE OF SOCIETY IN FLUX
WORK: CORRECTION AND RELIEF
SOCIAL CITIZENSHIP FOR WORKERS AND OTHERS
NOTES
PART FOUR Intertwined Trajectories The European Social Model(s) 1850–2000
CHAPTER SIXTEEN From Social Insurance to Sozialstaat Bismarck to Merkel
BISMARCK’S GERMANY
WELFARE AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN GERMANY, 1848–1914
THE GREAT WAR AND THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC: SOCIAL CITIZENSHIP ON TRIAL
THE THIRD REICH
REBUILDING A WELFARE STATE AFTER HITLER—SEVEN DECADES FROM “STUNDE NULL”
UNIFICATION AFTER THE FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL, 1989
BEYOND UNIFICATION: “A LONG GOODBYE TO BISMARCK”
NOTES
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Britain and the Five Giants
AN AMERICAN REPORT ON BEVERIDGE, 1943
THE 1880S IN ENGLAND: HALFWAY FROM 1834 TO 1942
UNEMPLOYMENT AND POOR LAW REFORM, 1905–14
DAVID LLOYD GEORGE THE RINGMASTER: HEALTH, PENSIONS, EMPLOYMENT
THE GREAT WAR AND AFTER
FRAMING AND REFRAMING THE BEVERIDGE MODEL
NOTES
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN France A Second Empire and Three Republics
REPUBLICAN “SOLIDARISME” RECASTS REVOLUTIONARY “FRATERNITÉ”
THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND AFTER
NOTES
CHAPTER NINETEEN Star(s) in the North
LESSONS FROM THE NORDIC MODEL(S)
NOTES
CHAPTER TWENTY “Fire in the Ashes” Aspirations for Postwar Europe
SPINELLI’S QUEST FOR A FEDERALIST EUROPE
COAL, STEEL, THE COLD WAR, AND THE PATH TO ROME, 1957
PERFECTING THE UNION: A CLOSER COMPACT?
NOTES
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE European Social Policy Coordination if Not Unity
THE “ORIGAMI OF THE EU”: WHAT PLACE FOR SOCIAL POLICY IN ITS FOLDS?
THE “LISBON STRATEGY” AND AN “OPEN METHOD OF COORDINATION” (OMC)
NOTES
Concluding Reflections EUROPE’S WELFARE TRADITIONS SINCE 1500
QUEEN LEONOR MEETS THE EU
VIVES’ THREE ENDURING THEMES: BENEFACIENDUM, LEX, LABOR
WORK, WELL-BEING, AND MORAL HAZARD
SOCIAL PROTECTION AND THE SEVEN MERCIES
BENEFACTORS AND BENEFICIARIES: CAN THE RICH SEE WITH THE EYES OF THE POOR?
1540–1700: DISCIPLINE
1700–1850: POLITICAL ECONOMY AND SOCIAL CITIZENSHIP
1850–2000: INTERTWINED TRAJECTORIES—THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL MODEL(S)
A EUROPEAN SOCIAL MODEL: MARKETS AND PUBLIC SERVICES
HAZARDING A PROGNOSIS
NOTES
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY, VOLUME 2
INDEX, VOLUME 2
