The European history of protected areas may have been different, but it serves as an example of the paradigm exported around the world. Kings and the Church invented justifications for the exclusive exploitation of hunting resorts, and other forms of eclosure. Peasants fought to regain pre vious rights for public use of these areas. Robin Hood is best known example of such struggles.
In the 20th century, European parks were implicated in the depopulation of rural, mostly mountain areas. Conflict of interest was internal in the sense that they all felt a part of the same (national) community. Outside Europe, migration generally followed the establishing of parks and not the other way around.
Pressure on natural resources has been increasing ever since the beginning of man and the centralisation of large-scale societies, but western industrial society has made nature even more instrumental. It is obvious that it was not (only) ecological awareness that forced the nation states and international community (IUCN) to protect nature sites. Establishing protected areas was simultaniously important for the development of the (eco-) timber industry, medicine, tourism, etc. Protected areas can be seen as an economic category within the framework of national and international trade.
The book is divided into five sections: legislation, landscape, diversity, subsistence and management. Our intention was to emphasise the main directions in contemporary anthropological approach to nature protected areas. Legislation is a framework of the international and national community, a starting point that provokes our reactions and involvement. Landscape studies are a trend in contemporary cultural and social anthropology, connecting people and shaping of their living environment. Diversity is another major theme and motive of modern science, applicable both to natural and cultural pole. The subsistence puts local survival strategies of »Stakeholders« in the forefront. And finally management, a subject almost unavoidable in growth-oriented societies.
Author(s): Peter Simonič (ed.)
Series: Županičeva knjižnica No.16
Publisher: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts,
Year: 2006
Language: English
Pages: 246
Tags: protected areas, parks, nature areas, reservoirs, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, political ecology, historical ecology, human-environment relations, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, law, subsistence, management, political economy, landscape, ecology, anthropocene, religion, ideology, ethnobotany, ethnoecology, resourcism,
7 Introduction
Legislation
11 Marija Zupančič Vičar - Application of the Protected Areas Management Categories of IUCN, Slovenia
19 Zvezda Delak Koželj - Ethnology, Cultural Heritage and Protected Areas,Slovenia
31 Agustin Coca Perez - The Value of Cultural Heritage in the Natural Spaces, Andalusia, Spain
Landscape
49 Bostjan Kravanja - Sacred Meaning: The Significance of Extraordinary Places in Ordinary Settings,
Breginjski Kat, Slovenia
71 Matej Vranjes - Cultural Landscape and Triglav National Park from »The Native Point of View«, The
Case of Trenta Valley, Slovenia
Diversity
85 Szab6 T. Attila - Ethnobiodiversity, A Concept for Integrated Protection of Endangered Habitats and
Cultures
101 Antonia Young - Cross-Border Balkans Peace Park: Albania, Montenegro, Kosova/o
Subsistence
111 Javier Escalera Reyes - Gardens of Pegalajar, Sustainable Development in Andalusia, Spain
121 MichaelJ. Day - Stakeholder Reaction to the Proposed Establishment of the National Park, Cockpit
Country, Jamaica
133 Sandro Piermattei - Some Reflections on the Agricultural Sustainability of Nature Conservation
Policies: Ecopolitical Strategies in National Park Monti Sibillini, Italy
147 Britta Heine and Sina Arnold - »One Day the Government Became Clever... «, The Arusha National Park
and Ngurdoto Village, Tanzania
163 Dihider Shahriar Kabir and Sabir Bin Muzaffar - People and Sustainability of Natural Resources,
Sundarban - World Heritage Site of Bangladesh
Management
175 Helen Macbeth - The Creation of New National Parks in Scotland
191 Prabhu Budhathoki - Connecting Communities with Conservation: Policies and Strategies, A Case Study
of Nepal
201 Peter Meurkens - How to Preserve the Natural State and Make the Park Fit for Public Recreational
Use?: The Dutch Belvedere Program Facing the Dilemma of the Park
217 Peter Simonič - Writing Culture for Nature Conservation: Human Resources and Network Analysis on
Pohorje, Slovenia
239 Index
