Ethical Reasoning in Criminal Justice and Public Safety

Ethical Reasoning in Criminal Justice and Public Safety, 4th Edition......Page 1
Title page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Dedication......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
About the Authors......Page 13
Part I: Principles of Ethical Reasoning......Page 15
Learning Outcomes......Page 17
Getting a Sense of Ethics......Page 18
The Importance of Values......Page 19
Personal Integrity......Page 21
The Essence of Ethics......Page 22
Ethical Reasoning......Page 23
Ethics in Action......Page 26
Professional and Personal Ethics......Page 27
References......Page 31
Exercises......Page 32
Learning Outcomes......Page 37
Basic Elements of an Ethical Theory......Page 38
Evaluating Ethical Theories......Page 39
Stages of Moral Development......Page 40
Putting Ethical Theories into Context......Page 41
Ethics as Virtues......Page 42
Ethics as Divine Command......Page 43
Ethics as Duty......Page 45
Utilitarianism......Page 47
Criticisms of Utilitarianism......Page 48
Ethics as a Social Contract......Page 49
Ethics of Care......Page 50
Moral Relativism......Page 52
Ethics as Egoism......Page 54
Key Terms......Page 55
Exercises......Page 56
Learning Outcomes......Page 61
Early Police Codes of Ethics......Page 62
Early Canadian Police Codes of Conduct......Page 63
Modern Police Codes of Ethics......Page 64
Police Codes of Conduct Embodied in Legislation......Page 65
The Development of Codes of Ethics/Conduct for Lawyers......Page 76
Federation of Law Societies of Canada......Page 77
Ethical Principles for Judges......Page 82
Correctional Service of Canada......Page 86
Security Codes of Ethics......Page 90
Security Codes of Ethics Contained in Legislation......Page 91
References......Page 94
Exercises......Page 95
Learning Outcomes......Page 101
The Importance of a Framework for Ethical Decision-Making......Page 102
Non-Specific Factors That Influence Ethical Decision-Making......Page 103
Spotting Ethical Problems......Page 104
A Basis for a Framework for Ethical Decision-Making......Page 105
Developing a Framework for Ethical Decision-Making......Page 106
Defining a Set of Ethical Values......Page 107
The Key Steps in Establishing Our Framework for Ethical Decision-Making......Page 108
The Framework for Ethical Decision-Making......Page 109
Framework for Ethical Decision-Making......Page 110
Example Case Analysis......Page 115
References......Page 120
Exercises......Page 121
Part II: Applications of Ethical Reasoning......Page 123
Learning Outcomes......Page 125
Euthanasia......Page 126
Safe Injection Sites......Page 128
Terrorism......Page 139
Exercises......Page 147
Learning Outcomes......Page 149
The Scope of Authority......Page 150
Police Codes and the Scope of Authority......Page 151
Correctional Codes and the Scope of Authority......Page 153
Security Codes and the Scope of Authority......Page 154
Cases Involving the Scope of Authority......Page 155
Concerns About Corruption......Page 156
Police Codes and Corruption......Page 158
Correctional Codes and Corruption......Page 160
Security Codes and Corruption......Page 161
Cases Involving Corruption......Page 162
The Meaning and Dimensions of Discretion......Page 163
The Criminal Code and Discretion......Page 164
Police Codes and Discretion......Page 165
Correctional Codes and Discretion......Page 167
Cases Involving Discretion......Page 168
Police Codes and Regulations and the Use of Force......Page 170
Correctional Codes and the Use of Force......Page 173
Security Codes and the Use of Force......Page 174
Case Involving the Use of Force......Page 175
References......Page 176
Exercises......Page 177
Learning Outcomes......Page 181
Confidentiality......Page 182
Police Codes and Confidentiality......Page 183
Security Codes and Confidentiality......Page 185
Cases Involving Confidentiality......Page 190
Competency......Page 191
Police Codes and Competency......Page 192
Security Codes and Competency......Page 193
Reporting Misconduct and Duty to Cooperate......Page 194
Correctional Codes and Reporting......Page 198
Security Codes and Reporting......Page 199
Cases Involving Reporting......Page 201
Professional Relationships, the Occupational Culture, and Loyalty......Page 202
Police Codes and Professional Relationships......Page 205
Correctional Codes and Professional Relationships......Page 206
Cases Involving Professional Relationships with Colleagues......Page 207
Interactions with Members of the Public......Page 208
Conflict of Interest......Page 210
Police Codes and Conflict of Interest......Page 211
The Private Life of a Police Officer......Page 212
Police Codes and Private Life......Page 213
Cases Involving Private Life......Page 214
References......Page 216
Exercises......Page 217
Learning Outcomes......Page 221
Introduction......Page 222
Integrity......Page 223
Cases Involving Integrity......Page 224
Competence......Page 225
Honesty and Candour......Page 227
Cases Involving Honesty and Candour......Page 228
Confidentiality and Exceptions to Confidentiality......Page 229
Conflict of Interest......Page 231
Making Legal Services Available......Page 233
The Ethics of Advocacy......Page 234
Harassment and Discrimination......Page 236
Relationship to the Provincial Law Society and to Other Lawyers......Page 238
Cases Involving Relationship to the Law Society and to Other Lawyers......Page 240
References......Page 241
Exercises......Page 242
Learning Outcomes......Page 247
Introduction......Page 248
Judicial Independence......Page 249
Integrity......Page 251
Diligence......Page 252
Cases Involving Diligence......Page 253
Equality......Page 254
Cases Involving Equality......Page 255
Impartiality......Page 256
Cases Involving the General Impartiality Principles......Page 257
Civic and Charitable Activity......Page 258
Cases Involving Civic and Charitable Activity......Page 259
Cases Involving Political Activity......Page 260
Conflicts of Interest......Page 261
Cases Involving Conflicts of Interest......Page 263
References......Page 264
Exercises......Page 266
Appendix: Framework for Ethical Decision-Making......Page 269
Framework for Ethical Decision-Making......Page 271
Risk–Benefit Worksheet......Page 273
Glossary......Page 277
Index......Page 281
Credits......Page 287